View of Study of PANI effect on the mechanical properties of PVA

Research Article

Study of PANI effect on the mechanical properties of PVA

Nahida J. Hameed

_{, DuaaAkram}

1_{Applied Sciences Department, University of technology, Iraq} 2_{Applied Sciences Department, University of technology, Iraq}

Abstract: Poly aniline (PANI) separately blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been preparedby solution cast method at

different weight ratios(1,2,3,4,and 5%wt\wt). The structural changes of PANI-PVA were studied by SEM and FTIR techniques. The change in the intensities in the polymer blend and appearance of new peaks in the FTIR spectra revealedthe correct blending of poly aniline with PVA and PANI. SEM and FTIR studies confirmed the complex formation in polymer blends. .It was seen tensile strength increase by PANI up to 1% addition then decreased, but till more than PVA tensile strength. From tensile testing, it was observed that PANI-PVA blend is the most promising composition for several industrial applications

Keywords:FTIR,Mechanical properties-Poly aniline, Polymer blend,SEM

1. Introduction

Recently,rapid development has been increased the need for small size electronic devices,which are possible only .by minutunzing the electrodes and electrolyte materials that are used in the batteries. Solid polymer electrolyte material are of considerable interest for the .last four decades because of its importance and application in many electrochemical devices such as, batteries, smart credit cards , super capacitors, cellular telephones, electrochemic devices , etc. the composite polymer electrolytes [1,2]. were prepared by Tio2,Sio2,Al2o3,Mgo,and Ba Tio3 addition in organic fillers were added to the matrix to improve its mechanical

properties, and hardness significally [3,4].S.Masti ,and R-chonale studied the influence of polymeric mechanical properties of (PVA) film .The results proved that most of polymers posse high degree of crystatinallity or crosslinking which result inincreased the polymer chain rigidity ,and strength.[5].J.Hong,etals, reported that the mechanical properties of polymer symmetry of the polymer chain [6]. The present work describe polyaniline weight ratio effect on the mechanical properties of (PVA) for or to electronic applications .Present work describe the PANI effect on the mechanical properties of PVA.

2. Materials

(PVA) as weight powder which was supported from. Barclona (DIDACTC) company,and PANI in the form of a black powder (PanichemCo)(PA-W35) Water-dispersible polyaniline –solid type. Particle size around(25nm).

3. Sample preparations a)ilm casting for purified PVA:

10 g of (PVA) was dissolved in (100ml) of distilled water, put the solution in water bath with heat increasing up to (90)˚C by using magnetic stirrer till get homogenous solution. Then recall the solution to room temperature. The solution was put into clean flat glass, and let it to dry at room temperature all night.

b)Film casting for PANI/ PVA:

Repeatparagraph (a) till get the homogeneous solution of PVA , Then PANI was added at different ratio weight of (1%,2%,3%,4%, and 5%) . Put the solution on the magnetic stirrer till get the homogeneous solutions, the solution were casted in clean flat glass, and letit to dry at room temperature all night.

4. Mechanical properties

It was used Tensile strength device manufactured by laryee, the samples were used in this work according to (ATSM-D6368) of tensile strength.

S. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis:

It was used (INSPECTS SO (FEI) SEM supported from Fei Netherlands company (X5000).

6.Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR)analysis:

5. Result and discussion Mechanical Properties:

Figure(1) shows the strain-stress curves of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) before and after poly aniline (PANI) addition at different concentrations (1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%) .The results proved that (PVA) ultimate strength (42.85Mpa),this results in a good agreement with [1].It was seen strength increased with PANI addition up to (1%) then there was a little decrease in ultimate strength till 5% PANI(till more than PVA ultimate strength). The ultimate strength increase was attributed tohomogeneous distribution of (PANI) in polymer matrix (PVA). That was in a good agreement with [1,2]. That increase was due to the hydrogen bonding between the PANI, and PVA, that is in a good agreement with [1,7]. The mechanical properties of polymer systemsdepends on the intermolecular forces,and molecular symmetry of polymer [1,8]. Most polymers possess a high degree of crystallinity or cross linking which caused in rigid chain increase and high strength.The decrease in ultimate strength at 2%PANI and more ,was induced by the PANI brittleness, and poor interfacial adhesion [5].

Figure(1): the stress-strain curves of PVA before and after PANI addition at different concentration.

Figure(2): The ultimate strength as a function to the weight ratio of PANI

6. Figure(2) shows the ultimate strength changed with PANI weight ratio. It was seen ultimate strength increased at 1% PANI (about 30%of PVA ultimate strength),The enhancement was attributed to good distribution of Nano PANI particles in (PVA) matrix, and interatomic interaction. The nonhomogeneous distribution of (PANI) caused particlesaggregates in (PVA) matrix .There were high stress in the area around the particle aggregates, easily was fracture. The PANI addition increase causedto lower the elongation because of its brittleness nature Figure (3). Figure(4)shows modulus of elasticity correlation

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 S t r e s s Strain Stress\5%PANI\PVA Stress\4%PANI\PVA Stress\3%PANI\PVA Stress\2%PANI\PVA stress\1%PANI\PVA Stress/PVA 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 2 4 6 UT(Mpa) Poly. (UT(Mpa))

PANI%

UT(MPa)

with PANI ratio,it was found increase in its value up to 4% then decrease that was follow the particle aggregates.Table.1 describe the mechanical properties of the samples involved.

)

Figure(3): The Elongation as a function to the weight ratio of PANI

Figure(4): The modulus of elasticity as a function to the weight ratio of PANI Table.1 describe the mechanical properties of the samples involved

E(Mpa) El(%) UT(Mpa) P.S 7.894737 175.5 42.85 0 33.15789 46.5 54.6 1 33.65672 55.9 49.3 2 33.75 67.5 46.8 3 18.46154 69.4 45.3 4 2 59.5 39.8 5 FTIR Analysis

FTIR spectra are very sensitive hydrogen bond formation [1]. The Figure (5-a/f) shows the FTIR specters for (PVA) before and after PANI addition at different weight ratios (1-5%wt/wt).For (PVA)spectrum , it was found two bands at (659.78 cm-1_{) , and (918.16 cm}-1_{), which were attributed H)bond out of phase bending , and}

(C-O) bond stretchingin respectively. Band appearance at (1332.80 cm-1_{) was due (CH}

2) bond bending. The band

at(1579.75 cm-1_{) was attributed to(CH}

2) wagging and (C=C) bond stretching. The band (2926.11 cm-1) was due

to (C-H) bond stretching, and the bond at (3342.75 cm-1_{) was due to (OH) bond stretching. There were two}

characteristic bands in (PVA) spectrum, that was due to hydroxyl group of (PVA), and the second which was induced by (C-H)bond stretching.ForPANI/PVA FTIR spectra it was seen band shift at(3100-3600 cm-1_{) range,}

which was attributed to (N-H) bond stretching , by PANI ratio increase . Appearance of new bands at (2800-0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 El(%) Poly. (El(%))

El(%)

PANI%

%PANI

3000 cm-1_{), were due to the methyl group in PVA aliphaticchain ,its intensity decreased with PANI increase .}

The band at (1550.1610 cm-1_{), was attributed to (C-N) bond stretching of benzene ring , which was induced by}

PVA and PANI crosslinking ,its intensity increased with PANI ratio increase.The band at (8.46)cm-1 _was

attributed to (C-H) bond bending in benzene ring [9].Table.2 shows functional groups of PVA before and after PANI addition .

a-(PVA)

b-(1%PANI/PVA)

7.

d- (3%PANI/PVA) ( e- (4%PANI/PVA f- (5%PANI/PVA)

g-FTIR Spectra of PVA before and after PANI addition at different weight ratios(1,2,3,4,and5%) Figure.(5a/g):shows FTIR Spectra of PVA before and after PANI addition at different weight

ratios(1,2,3,4,and5%) OH Stretch 3600 -3100 H -C Stretch 3050 -2800 H -C Stretch Aliphatic 3000 -2800 C=O Stretch 1750 -1550 CH2 Wagging C=C -Stretch 1550 1610 CH2 Bending 1380 -1300 O -C Stretch 1000 -880 H out -C phase -Bending 625 970 P.S 3342.7 5 2926.11 1649. 19 1579.75 1332.56 918.1 6 659.75 918.16 PVA 3342.7 5 3387.1 1 3402.5 4 2922. 26 2922.26 1654. 98 1327.07 920.0 8 667.39 833.28 920.08 1% 2862. 46 2918. 410 2862.46 2918.40 1651. 12 1330.93 922.0 0 846.78 2% 3416.6 5 2916. 47 2938. 76 2916.47 2935.76 1564. 32 1651. 12 1707. 06 1564.32 1325.14 918.1 5 846.78 3% 3394.8 3 3431.4 8 2860. 53 2918. 4 2860.53 2918.40 1647. 25 1707. 06 1327.07 700.1 8 846.7 8 920.0 8 700.18 846.78 920.08 4% 3408.3 3 2916. 47 2936. 76 2916.47 2936.76 1564. 32 1646. 33 1564.32 1646.33 1327.07 922.0 0 676.74 673.18 846.78 922.00 5% SEM analysis

Figure (6-a/f) shows (SEM) results of PVA before and after PANI addition at different concentration at different weight ratios ( 1%,2%,3%,4%,and5%).For PVA, it was seen grain structure of different shapes

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 400 1,400 2,400 3,400 T%/5%PANI/PVA T%/4%PANI/PVA T%/3%PANI/PVA T%/2%PANI/PVA T%/1%PANI/PVA T%PVA

T%

Wavenumber (cm)^-1

anddimensions. For 1% PANI , the results proved homogeneous distribution, which decreased with PANI ratio increase. It was seen phase separation and semispherical region in (PVA) matrix .It was found that un compatibilities increase with PANI ratio increase.[10,11] The results proved in the blends (SEM) aniliniumcation –radical surfaces for aggregate of different dimension and spherical shapes, which induced by surface tension. By PANI ratio increase caused in rode's formation from AlKyl of (PVA) after bonding with PANI, that’s in a

good agreement with [12].

a-PVA

b-(1%PANI/PVA)

c-(2%PANI/PVA)

( PANI/PVA 4% ) e-( PANI/PVA 5% )

f-Figure .6 Shows the SEM analysis of PVA before and after PANI additions at different weight ratios.

8. Conclusion

• The enhancement of tensile strength up to 1% was attributed to good distribution of Nano PANI particles in (PVA) matrix, and interatomic interaction.

• The decrease in tensile strength by PANI addition more than 1% was due to nonhomogeneous distribution of (PANI) caused particles aggregates in (PVA) matrix .There were high stress in the area around the particle aggregates, easily was fracture.

• The PANI addition increase caused to lower the elongation because of its brittleness nature.

• Modulus of elasticity correlation with PANI ratio,it was found increase in its value up to 4% then decrease that was following the particle aggregates.

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