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Investigation of Hardness and Impact Test in Silane Treated Silicon Added Kenaf
Hybrid Composite Material
N. Parthipan
a, S. Gowsik
b, S. Nitish Kumar
c, M. Prasanna Kumar
eaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India.
E-mail: tecparthipan@gmail.com
bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India. cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India. dDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India. eDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India.
Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published
online: 10 May 2021
Abstract: Now a days the natural composite used in various commercial application. Dealing with conditions is one of the
factors that out and out impacts the properties and attributes of the polymer cross section composites things. In this way, the nano silica reinforced natural composite materials dealing with mastermind to give up the ideal properties of the composite things. In this work, biodegradable composites from unidirectional long kenaf fiber were produced by hot crushing methodology. The examination of progress was used to upgrade just as choose the impacting the malleable quality. The test was conducted in mixing of hot pressing boundaries technology, finally were found that high impact and hardness value of hybrid silicon treated composite materials.
Keywords: Hot Crushing Methodology, Natural Composite Materials, Kenaf Fiber. 1. Introduction
The change of high-performance designing things made from common resources is expanding around the world, due to renewable and common issues. [1]. Chemical medicines were found to be practical in expelling hemicellulose and lignin inside the strands so that the strength of the fiber braced cementitious fabric can be expanded massively Mezencevova et al. [2]. They arranged nanocomposites by arrangement casting of diverse biodegradable cross sections and nano reinforcements in fluid medium [3]. Nano reinforcements utilized were of plant or creature beginning like wheat straw, tunicin, chitin, sugar beet, etc. [4]. As of late, the rapidly amplifying utilize of composite components in car, advancement, sports and relaxation, and other mass production businesses, has been centered on economical and renewable reinforced composites [5] Taguchi procedure of arrange of tests, genetic calculation and fake neural organize are a couple of the basic gadgets utilized for solid arrange to provide tall quality things quickly and at moo taken a toll. [6]. The hybrid composites are produced by employing two or more types of fibers in a laminated composite in order to achieve better properties in comparison with the corresponding single type fiber reinforced composites.[7]. Taguchi procedure of arrange of tests, genetic calculation and fake neural organize are a couple of the basic gadgets utilized for solid arrange to provide tall quality things quickly and at moo taken a toll [8]. As of late, the rapidly amplifying utilize of composite components in car, advancement, sports and unwinding, and other mass generation businesses, has been centered on prudent and renewable fortified composites[9]. These days, the kenaf normal strands have the potential to be utilized as a substitution for glass or other conventional fortification materials in composites. There have been numerous analysts included in this field of kenaf fortified plastics beneath perforated impact[10]. By evaluating the execution of the item in some common conditions, there would be a commonsense data to calculate the honest to goodness word fluctuation [11]. The optimization utilizing Taguchi strategy uncovers ideal introduction of each weaving design composites [12]. Chemical surface medicines are required to extend the utilization of the kenaf strands within the industry. But ordinary surface medications devour as well much water, chemicals and energy[13]. Microwave essentialness technique is characterized as environment the in common characteristics of kenaf fibers invigorated composites, in terms of mechanical properties, warm properties, as well as water maintenance properties, will be survey this logical study article[15]. In case the autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage are limited by assistant materials or associated people, a few flexible stresses will be created in cementitious materials[16]. In this think about, four particular chemical medications were applied to kenaf fiber by utilizing standard, ultrasonic and microwave strategies[17]. As of late, the quickly extending utilize of composite components in car, development, sports and relaxation, and other mass generation businesses, has been centered on viable and renewable reinforced composites[18]. The result of this paper a common fiber reinforced composites have expanded good mechanical strength of hardness and impact strength, for different commercial applications within the mechanical segment.
2. Experimental Procedures 2.1. Materials
Epoxy resin and nano silicon utilized for testing with kenaf fiber fabric. The thickness of the epoxy gum is approximately of 1.2g/cm3. It is white of chemical arrangement treatment process. The blend of ethanol is
cleared out for 10 minutes and well blended. At that point 25 ml of amino propylene is included with blends of ethanol. These are 2 blends of fluid and blended persistently for 5 minutes. At that point the cutting pieces of kenaf tangle is been plunged within the blend of ethanol and aminopropyletriethoxysilane (APTS) fluids and cleared out for 30 minutes. At that point dipped kenaf fibers are taken and dried out in sunlight for 24hours. At that point pieces of kenaf fibers are isolated for treated and untreated.
2.2. Treatment of Reinforcements
The composites were fabricated into 270mm in square shape plate is cut into required estimate for testing flexural, impact, ILSS and tensile correspondingly. The silicon (IV) oxide nano particles and the natural fiber pretreated in stove temperature 100ºc kills the bound dampness. Ethanol 95% and water 5% were taken at first and related mareli for 10 min. Basic amount of silane was for the most part 2wt% was included one by one drop in to uniform blend taken after by 5 min mellow exciting. At that point for 10 min the silicon (IV) oxide and kenaf fiber was immersed in ethanol and water arranged arrangement. At that point take out strengthening were washed for the minute with ethanol to expel overabundance silane and dried within 110ºc to dispose of dampness by utilizing hot oven. The method wrapped up and it is permitted to dry in barometrical for 12 hrs after the dry timing the fabric are taken to manufacture process.
2.3. Composite Fabrication
Fiber amount of 50% vol distinctive with silicon dioxide at 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 are blended with epoxy resin in room temperature fortified until completing the process. At the conclusion of the method the silicon (IV) oxide and epoxy resin was blended homogeneous. At that point moreover epoxy and hardener with proportion 10:1 stimulated until a the planning was done. At that point the compression form utilizing for plating is totally apply by wax coating to partitioned the plating after molding prepare. The 3ply kenaf mat is utilized for composite plating. To begin with the kenaf mat is set on the form and the blended fluid substance were poured in to steel molding and have 3mm thickness. At that point utilizing the compression molding handle is done and compressed up to 30 to 40 min with temperature 92℃ to 96℃. After the creation handle the plating is out of the form and counter weight is put on the plating at the conclusion of strong arrangement.
2.4. Specimen Preparation
The mould is made of composite plating in measurements based on testing ASTM benchmarks for example planning. The specimen is put in to the shape and it to waterless state. The kenaf plates are locked in out and by utilizing water jet machine plating are cleaned well. The most reason of water jet machine with combination of rough and water is to cut solid fabric as composite fortified fabric. The keep up of water fly in level of weight is 5 to 7 bars, Other parameter were grating stream (splash) point (60º and 90º) and AJM(abrasive jet machining) machine and 0.45 to 0.65 mm is the spout distance across of machine. It is based a few testing to make strides the mechanical properties. To measurement for the mechanical test (hardness and impact test etc).
3. Composite of Kenaf Materials
S. No DESCRIPTION EPOXY % KENAF FIBER % SILICON OXIDE %
1 E. 100 0 0
2 EK. 50 50 0
3 EKS1 48.5 50 1.5
4 EKS2 47.5 50 2.5
5 EKS3 47 50 3
The impact test carried out as per D-256. By using smaller than expected affect machine testing are untreated test piece up to most extreme stack capacity of 25J additionally treated test piece up to 20J. Beneath the rule of ASTM D-4762 Standard the test are tested. By using different silicon dioxide rate with composite lattice the result are taken.
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Mechanical Properties
Among other characteristic strands, kenaf filaments shown superior and superior properties for support in composites of distinctive polymeric network beneath shifted flexural stacking conditions. Table 3 outlined list of later work made by the diverse analyst on the kenaf fiber fortified polymeric (thermoset or thermoplastic tar or biodegradable) composite conjointly its crossover composite. Researcher detailed that mechanical properties of kenaf fiber strengthened composites shift since of the diverse testing methods utilized and the tests tried.
Impact Test
To analysis the comes about of izod affect test in properties of treated and un treated on natural kenaf fiber and different rate of silicon (IV) oxide with epoxy resin. The affect test backed as per standard of ASTM D-256 utilizing impactor scale 2, and for test the used pendulum was 5.5J. The example measurement for 100×60mm.
Hardness Test
The change of affect quality untreated example to E, EK, EKS1, EKS2 and EKS3 most noteworthy affect values of 6.13J was watched. In treated of kenaf composite make strides for mechanical properties. To extend in affect quality treated example for E, EK, EKS1, EKS2 and EKS3 are most elevated affect values of 6.72J.The abortion of silica particles in treated which reduce substantial content. Usually due to hoover end substance and increments of cross connecting, is such way to move forward tall. At the conclusion of the is result the comparison in affect testing is found to be progress crossover of kenaf fiber with silicon dioxide composite.
4. Result and Conclusion 4.1. Mechanical Test
The impact, Hardness Test value are formed and silicon dioxide with epoxy resin and natural kenaf fiber testing value is presented in above table 2.
4.1.1. Impact Test
The improvement of impact quality untreated specimen to E, EK, EKS1, EKS2 and EKS3 most elevated affect values of 6.81 J was observed. In treated of kenaf composite improve for mechanical properties. To increase in impact quality treated specimen for E, EK, EKS1, EKS2 and EKS3 are highest affect values of 5.73 J. The abortion of silica particles in treated which decrease valid content. This is due to vacuum disposal content and increments of cross connecting, is such way to progress high. At the conclusion of the is result the comparison in impact testing is found to be progress hybrid of kenaf fiber with silicon dioxide composite.
Fig. 4 (i). Impact Before Treated Figure 4 (ii). Impact After Treated
4.1.2. Hardness Test
The improvement of Hardness quality untreated specimen to E, EK, EKS1, EKS2 and EKS3 most elevated affect values of 6.13J was obsorved. In treated of kenaf composite improve for mechanical properties. To increase in Hardness quality treated specimen for E, EK, EKS1, EKS2 and EKS3 are highest affect values of 6.72J. This is due to vacuum disposal content and increments of cross connecting, is such way to progress high.
At the conclusion of the is result the comparison in impact testing is found to be progress hybrid of kenaf fiber with silicon dioxide composite.
Table 2. Untreated with silicon dioxide in hybrid composite kenaf materia Material designation Izod Impact (J) Hardness
E 0.61 85
EK 4.67 87
EKS1 4.98 93
EKS2 95 95
EKS3 6.13 97
Figure 2.1. Izod Impact test before treatment
Figure 2.2. Hardness value before treatment
Table 3. Treated with silicon dioxide and hybrid composite kenaf material
Material designation Izod Impact (J) Hardness
E 0.60 85
EK 5.32 87
EKS1 5.73 93
EKS2 6.81 98
5596 The Impact and Hardness test are taken, saline treated with silicon di oxide with dispersed kenaf fiber and epoxy hybrid composite materials are used in this process. The Mechanical properties are enriched in epoxy resin fetched and kenaf fiber denouement. The impact material refined of 6.81 above are founded as a impact and hardness test of E, EK, EKS1, EKS2, EKS3.
4.2. Morphology Analysis
Figure4.1i & ii appears that the analysis of test and scattering of morphology of treated and untreated, surface altered with silicon molecule on blend. In Figure 4b describes the fine scattering appears the unpredictable combination of matrix in silane-treated. The NH₂ (Amino radical) functional response appears the superior dispersion on composite lattice. Figure 4 appears the break parcel of microscope. In this sample observation more sum of micro splits along with waterway marks, which are present in broken portion. It appears the clear observation that untreated reinforcement on blend which made there in harder by expanding the segment or chain of thickness. At that point in treated process the lattice of silicon (IV) oxide. In split circulation the resistance is improve again. Figure 4.2 i & ii appears affect damage between E and EKS3 of penetration side damage in composite assignment. The profundity of EK compare to EKS3 is less due to lower infiltration profundity and EKS3 profundity is in raise conclusion.
5. Conclusion
Materials and composites of different volume and surface actuated kenaf and silicon di oxide supported epoxy composites are readied. The tests, for example, impact and hardness help in building up the mechanical properties of the kenaf from various perspectives. The fiber helps in improving the mechanical properties and furthermore likewise of epoxy composites served to improving the surface. The treated and untreated plates of kenaf fiber and silane molecule helps in increment of grip of grid. Subsequently it is proposed that even as make a high show normal composite material utilized in underlying and machine monitor applications to playing out a surface adjusted and silicon added half and half composite materials.
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