View of Economic Efficiency Of Tillage Technology

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Economic Efficiency Of Tillage Technology

Ulugova Mokhira

1

1_{Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Engineers Department of organization and technology of Water} Resources trainee teacher, Tashkent city, Uzbekistan

Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published

online: 23 May 2021

Abstract:In the article, rational uses of resources that adversely affect the decline in yield in a climate-changing environment factors affecting the use are listed. It was noted the advantages of soil and resource-saving technologies, which: due to the living conditions of micro-organisms necessary for the processes of soil moisture retention, wetting, additional organic matter from mulch and closing crops to the soil includes the addition of humus. The economic efficiency of the use of direct processing technology was based on this, which was indicated in the following sequence: the objects of economic evaluation of technology were installed, the theme of the calculation was chosen-a specific farm, production and economic indicators of the farmer's farm, the area of Agriculture and arable land, types of crops, productivity, accessibility. Consumption of material resources (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides), sale prices and purchase of resources, available and New (current analysis of comparative characteristics of the technical and economic indicators of technologies (proposed for production) made and choose the most suitable option, the cost of agricultural products, including Operation cost assessment indicators: basic and additional and most effective for new and basic options the option was determined.

Key words: solonetzic pathogenesis, single soil reclamation rotary milling working, small aggregates uniform in size, soil reclamation rotary milling plow, and physiological signs of restoration.

1. Introduction

The study of long-term changes in the complex with lontsovy saline chestnut soils of dry steppe after their agro technical reclamation using the development of a new technical means - a rotary loosening lingering and mixing alluvial and salted soil layers showed that after a single soil reclamation rotary milling working soil in the treated layer consists of small aggregates uniform in size, there are no more- physiological signs of restoration of solonetzic pathogenesis. Precipitation moisture enters the soil is free, readily soluble salts descend to great depth. 30 years after soil reclamation rotary milling plow PMS-70 amount of humus in a layer of 20 - 40 cm reaches 3.3, in the layer 20 - 40 cm - 2.4%, the amount absorbed Na + in a layer of 20 - 30 cm - 10.6% of the capacity action exchange rate of soil instead of 19.8% worked soil. Spatial variability the structure of the soil cover is less than the original one. An increase in the yield of agricultural crops the tour is 25 - 60 and more percent to the level standard farming technology throughout observation period.

The country's demand for food production in agriculture with the aim of satisfying, and Technological on the basis of the application of modern technology the need for the provision of modernization is increasing. The changing climate did not have a clear norm precipitation-hot in the autumn, an increase in natural disasters adversely affect the increase in crop yields.

At the same time, the effectiveness of the use of extremely scarce water resources also does not meet the requirements. The effect of using irrigation networks low level and almost non-compliance of irrigation systems with requirements, land reclamation deterioration, low efficiency of water use bringing. The use of various water sources (precipitation, groundwater, running water, sub irrigation) in farmer farms, feeding of crops, diversification of crops, aimed at increasing soil fertility, promotes an increase in productivity 2015 year of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

According to the decision of the PP-2460 dated 29 December "on measures for further reform and development of Agriculture in 2016-2020", the fields of porcine and autumn are reduced to 220 thousand hectares, and to the vacant lands are carrots, melons, fodder crops and it is planned to place fruit gardens of intensive type provided for. Food of the United Nations by food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Effective use of soil and water since 2004, as well as activities carried out in terms of bio diversity, are also specific in this regard work is underway. The effective from land and water problems of use, productivity of crops increasing soil fertility is foreseen for conservation issues being caught. The results obtained show that the new improved technology on display the effectiveness of land and water use and crops the increase in productivity, ensuring the income of the rural population as well as food security, mobilization of the natural potential of the region and the stabilization of Agriculture will be ensured.

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The fact that agrotechnical activities carried out in agriculture based on the overthrow and traditional deep plowing have not improved soil condition and at the same time the overthrow drive in agriculture with deep expulsion continues to be considered as a guarantee of high productivity. Today think about how to get many benefits at low cost on the basis of savings

Based on a long-term experiment a new scientific direction is proposed – recreation on-line biogeosystem engineering. New technical. A world-class natural solution: Rotating cultivator for under-humus soil layer PCT An innovative my project of a cyclical nature conservation resource conserving soil-reclamation agricultural technology soloed complex soils and justified the horizon economic forecast. The dynamics of the properties of chestnut soil under the influence the variety of options for its reclamation is there is theoretical interest in the aspect of soil behavior system under conditions of significant transformation. Soil profile, which to one degree or another affects the genesis of the soil at a long stage of its development [1]. Study of long-term soil change after reclamation allows you to develop technical means to promote future implementation sustainable management objectives biogeosystem [2].

2. Materials and methods

One of the motives for developing the concept of recreation biological biogeosystem engineering was the the insistence that the nature field model used

Education in the production environment of agriculture VA does not meet the principle of Sustainable Development [3]. Long-term models need to be createdmanagement of soil cover, sound eco- economic instruments for their implementation for the period 10 - 15 and more years, since at standard vein-reclamation procedures new quality soil is absent, the process in the biogeosystem is only is temporarily optimized. Such soils in Russia today hour about 30 million hectares.

In the 60s and 70s XX century was developed the principle of soil reclamation by rotary-milling loosening of the reclaimed soil layer 20 - 50 cm, a diagram of the technological process is laid down, a new quality of soil during its agro melioration, a series of technical solutions was created, the first of which was a soil reclamation rotary free- grain plow PMS-70. The plow is equipped with a mechanical drive, loosening knife, gear rack, rotary milling ripper alluvial and subsolonets soil horizons, passive plow housing for processing the topsoil.

Departmental tests have demonstrated prospects of rotary-milling soil cultivation heavy particle size distribution.

One of the soil reclamation stations torn-milling soil cultivation was laid in a number of hosts. Scheme of a long-term stationary experiment:

1. Moldboard tillage to a depth of 20 - 22 cm (standard of zonal agricultural technology, recommendations on the agro industrial production [3]), control;

2. Three-tiered soil cultivation to a depth of 45 cm serial plow PTN-40 (standard of land reclamation soils); 3. Soil cultivation with rotary milling plow gum PMS-70 to a depth of 45 cm.

After a single execution of agro melioration in options 2, 3, the entire experimental site to the present time is processed according to the zonal agricultural nice with moldboard tillage.

Of particular interest is the assessment of environmental economic efficiency of using new ration technology taking into account long horizon retrospectives.

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Fig 1. Economics efficiency and Economic Growth

The considered innovation is the technology of control soil fertility with recycling of household and industrial waste, involves the achievement the following objectives to be reflected in socio-ecological-economic performance:

- increasing soil fertility relative to the the existing level and, as a consequence, an increase crop yield; - providing the technological possibility of recycling of household and industrial waste (alcohol production, etc.), chemical waste (ameliorants: phosphogypsum, steel pickling electrolyte and their combinations, which will allow to solve the regional environmental problems of waste disposal production by means of their dispersal, as well as desalinization of soils;

- Creation of jobs that ensure the growth of re-productivity of labor costs and raising the level attractiveness of territories for living.

3. Acknowledgement and results

Comparative socio-ecological-economic assessment existing and proposed technologies processing of soils were carried out on the basis of data production tests in a number of areas.

Assessment of environmental and economic efficiency innovative soil cultivation technology. 1. Information support: soils: (chestnut new, salt licks); production and economic

Parameters.

2. The effectiveness of investment in soil cultivation melting and reclamation technologies determine is a comparison of the value of these investments with the effective effects (economic, environmental and social obtained as a result of their implementation.

The calculation of economic results is carried out in the life cycle (T = 30 years), according to the following definition of annual cash flow: CFe = We - Se - Ke, where we proceeds from increasing the product- agricultural land, p/ha; Se agricultural production waste when using a specific processing technology

soils, p. / ha; Ke - capital investments when using specific technology, p/ ha.

The problem of interaction between nature and society has become particularly acute at the present stage and the tasks of maintaining ecological balance in nature and economic development are interrelated, since, depleting natural resources, it is impossible to ensure sustainable economic development.

For grain producers, land and water resources are the main ones. In turn, land resources act as a subject of labor and, at the same time, land resources perform the function of a means of labor. So using the mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, we act on plants in the right direction.

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Direct seeding (zero tillage) and minimal tillage are the main technologies for conservation agriculture. The role of conservation agriculture in agricultural production is growing rapidly as it increases profitability, reduces risks and benefits the environment.

Fig 2. Economic Efficiency, Advantages and all quantities

Advantages of resource-saving and soil-protective agriculture: stable yield; reduction of direct costs by 35-40%; reduction of costs for fuels and lubricants by 1.5 - 2.0 times; increase in the service life of agricultural. Machines, labor productivity growth by 1.5 - 3.0 times;

Increasing the profitability of grain by 35-50%.

In a broad sense, the essence of resource conservation in technologies for cultivating grain crops is to increase the efficiency of using natural conditions and minimize production resources to the level of economic feasibility.

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A rational fertilization system is a scientifically grounded complex of agronomic and organizational measures for the environmentally safe use of organic and mineral fertilizers in order to increase the productivity of agricultural crops, preserve and expand the reproduction of soil fertility, improve the quality of marketable products and increase labor productivity on the farm.

The general rule for the formation of agricultural technologies with the use of industrial fertilizers is to ensure the payback of a kg. about 7-10 kg of grain with intensive and 10-12 kg and more with precision (precise) technologies. Otherwise, the technology is not competitive.

Reference

1. Rustamova, I. B. and Nurbekova, R. A. (2019) "THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF USING THE SOWING TECHNOLOGIES OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS BY ZERO TILLAGE," Irrigation and melioration: Vol. 3:Iss. 17, Article 9. Available at: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/tiiame/vol3/iss17/9

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