TURKISH ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY
CEKMECE NUCLEAR
TURKISH ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY
ÇEKMECE NUCLEAR RESEARCH
A N D T W I N I N G CENTER
Y arım burgaz Mah. N U kleer A ra ştırm a M erk ezi Yolu N o :1 0
K U çU kçekm ece 3 4 3 0 3 - İSTANBUL
TEL: [ 2 1 2 ) 4 7 3 2 6 0 0
FAKS: [ 2 1 2 ) 4 7 3 2 6 3 4
E p o sta : cn a em @ ta e k .g o v .tr
T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S
Pg.1
HISTORY OF CNAEMOUR SERVICES
Pg.7
Radioactivity Measurement andAnalysis Activities
Pg.11
Analytical Measurement Services
Pg.15
Calibration Services
Pg.17
Nuclear Electronics Device Manufacturing, Maintenance, Repair Services
Pg.19
Quality Control Services
Pg.22
Radioisotope Transfer Service
Pg.23
Radiation Control and Measurement Services
Pg.24
Radioactive Waste Management Services
Pg.25
TR-2 Research Reactor
Pg.26
Nuclear Reactor Technology
Pg.27
Reactor Materials
Pg.29
Nuclear Physics Studies
Pg.30
Development ofRadiation Measuring Instruments
HISTORY OF CNAEM
♦ In 1956, General Secreteriat of Atomic Energy Commission was established in Ankara by the law numbered 6821, as an organization affiliated to the Prime Ministry.
♦ In 1956, 760.000 TL (~ 270.000 $) was allocated from the state budget for establishment of a research reactor and to pay for its first charges. For that purpose, the land by the Ku؟uk؟ekmece Lake in İstanbul was expropriated, In 1957, "American Machine and Foundry (AMF)" was chosen among the five firms submitted bid for construction of the TR-1 Research Reactor for experimental purposes in nuclear science. The project was on a turnkey basis. TR-1 Research reactor was constructed between years 1959-1962 on the land.
♦ On the 6th of January, 1962 (19:14) the reactor reached first criticality and started operation on 27th of May, 1962 with its 1 MW nominal power.
♦ The facility and its environment was named Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center (ÇNAEM). Construction of reactor building was finished in November, 1960 and the laboratories and workshop construction was finished in April 1961. The first staff of ÇNAEM was appointed in July, 1961.
♦ In 1962, establishment of Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center was finished. The center was affiliated to the General Secretariat of Atomic Energy Commission and its purpose was research, development, application and training activities in nuclear field.
♦ In September, 1977 the TR-1 Research Reactor was stopped due the work placement of TR-2 Research Reactor.
♦ 10th of December, 1981 the TR-2 Research Reactor reached criticality with its 5 MW nominal power.
♦ In 1982, the Commission was restructured as Turkish Atomic Energy Authority affiliated to the Prime Ministry by the law numbered 2690.
QALITY POLICY
♦ To use the atomic energy for the benefit of our country in peaceful purposes,
♦ To make all kinds of research, analysis, testing, application and education that would make pos sible to use nuclear technology for the development of our country,
♦ To give services in accordance with national legislation and international standards with highly qualified staff
♦ To provide reliable, accurate, traceable, quick services based on principle of confidentiality, ♦ To fulfill the requirements of TS EN ISO/IEC 17025 in testing and calibration services.
Akreditasyon Sertifikası Eki (Sayfa 1/1) Akreditasyon Kapsamı
T Ü R K İY E A T . M E N E R U İS İ K U R U M U ؟ e k m e c e N ü k l e e r A r a ş t ı r m a V e E ğ itî m M e r k e z i
Akreditasyon No: AB-0230-T Revizyon No: .1 Tarih: ٠7-Kasırn-2010 p n i Deney Laboratuvannın
A dres : Yarımburgaz Mah. Nükleer Tel :0212 473 26 «5 Araştırma Merkezi Yolu
Kü؟ ük؟ ekm ece 34303 İSTANBUL. / TÜRKİYE Faks 34 26 473 0212؛ E-Posta : hilal.(iaznedarog,u@(aekgov.lr Websrte ;www.taek_gov.tr Deneyi Yapılan
Malzemeler / UrUnler Deney Adi
Deney Metodu
(Ulusal, Uluslararası standardlar, isletm e İÇ İ metodlar)
İçme Suyu Trityum Analizi RAD.LSC-CT-01 (isletme İÇİ metot) (;.dalar Cs-134 ve Cs-137 Tayini ASTM-E-181
Toprak ve Yapı Malzemeleri Ra-226, Th-232, M , Cs-137 Radyoaktivite Aalizi
ASTM-E-181
Döküm (Metal Malzemeler) Dökümlerin Manyetik Parçacık Muayenesi
TS EN 1369:2003
Döküm (.Melal Malzemeler) Dökümlerin Radyografik Muayenesi EN 12681:2003 TS EN 444:2002 Döküm (.Metal Mabemeler) Dökümlerin Ultrasonik Muayenesi TS EN 12680-1:2005
TS EN 12680-2:2005 TS EN 583-1:2002
Döküm (Metal Malzemeler) Dökümlerin Sıvı Penetrant Muayenesi TS EN 1371-1:2003 Kaynaklı Birleştirmeler (Meta!
Malzemeler)
Kaynaklı Birleştirmelerin Manyetik Parçacık Muayeesi
TSEN12M:2M3
Kaynaklı Birleştirmeler (Metal Malzemeler)
Kaynaklı Birleştirmelerin Radyografik Muayenesi
TS EN 444:2002
TS EN 5127 EN 1435:20.2 Kaynaklı Birleştirmeler (Metal
Malzemeler)
Kaynaklı Birlcstimtelerin Ultrasonik Muayenesi TS EN 1714:2002 TS EN 1714/A1:2006 TS EN 1714/A2:2006 Kaynaklı BirlestirmelerfMetal Malzemeler) Kaynaklı Birlcstimtelerin Sıvı Penetrant Muayenesi TS EN 571-1:2002 TS EN 10246-11:2005 Kaynaklı Birleştirmeler (Metal
Malzemeler)
Girdap Akimlan Muayenesi TS EN 1711:2003 TS EN 1711/A 1:2006 Düz YOzeyli Metalik Malzemeler Girdap Akimlan Muayenesi TSEN 12084:؛ÖO3
OUR SERVICES /
Radioactivity Measurement and Analysis Activities
Studies conducted within the scope of radioactivity measurement and analysis activities are: ♦ Monitoring the radioactivity effects of nuclear facilities at ÇNAEM in the environment
(air, water and soil),
♦ Performing radioactivity analyses of wipe samples from the nuclear facilities of ÇNAEM,
♦ Working in coordination with the Accident and Emergency Response Teams and performing the necessary radioactivity analyses,
♦ Performing natural and artificial radioactivity analyses of environmental samples for radiation mapping of Turkey (air, drinking water, soil, sediment, sea water, sand and organism),
♦ Performing radioactivity analyses of imported and exported food stuff and construction materials,
♦ Performing gross alpha/beta counting and tritium analyses in drinking, spring and mineral water samples and further analyses, if necessary.
Laboratories related with these activities at ÇNAEM are:
Gamma Spectrom etry Laboratory
Amounts and energies of gamma-rays emitted in the samples are measured in this laboratory so that the gamma-emitting radioisotopes present in the samples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. "434Cs and 437Cs Analyses in Import/Export Foodstuff' and "226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 437Cs Analyses in Soil and Construction Materials" experim ent performed in this laboratory are accredited by TÜRKAK.
Gama Spectrometry Laboratory
OUR SERVICES /
Radioactivity Measurement and Analysis Activities
Equipments present in the laboratory are; 11 n /p type standard coaxial HPGe detectors with 10-150 % relative efficiencies, 1 well-type HPGe detector, 1 plate type HPGe detector with 50% relative efficiency, 1 2x2 Nal(Tl) detector, 1 4x4 Nal(Tl) detector, 1 portable plate-type HPGe detector, standard lead shields of these detectors, 1 automated sample changer system, related electronic instruments, hardware and software. Samples analyzed in this laboratory are prepared in "Soil Samples Preparation Laboratory" and "Food Samples Preparation Laboratory" where instruments for physical processes like crushing grinding drying ... etc are available.
Radioceasium Precipitation Laboratory
Precipitation of radioceasium in samples collected from sea, rivers, lakes, wells and rainwater are carried out in this laboratory.
Total Alpha / Beta Counting Laboratory
Total amounts of alpha and beta particles emitted in the samples are measured in this laboratory so that the alpha/beta-emitting radioisotopes present in the samples are analyzed quantitatively and necessity for an advanced analytical technique is determined. The experiment "Gross Alpha/Beta Counting in Drinking Waters" performed in this laboratory is accredited by TURKAK.
Laboratory has 2 gas proportional counters with 10 detectors each, related electronic instruments, hardware and software. Samples analyzed in this laboratory are prepared in "Water Samples Preparation Laboratory" where equipments for processes like evaporation, drying, residue determination , etc are available.
Radioceasium Precipitation Laboratory Total Alpha / Beta Counting Laboratory
OUR SERVICES /
Radioactivity Measurement and Analysis Activities
Alpha Spectrom etry Laboratory
Amounts and energies of alpha particles emitted in the samples are measured in this laboratory so th at the alpha-emitting radioisotopes present in the samples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The experiment "234٧ and 238٧ Analyses in Drinking Water" performed in this laboratory is accredited by TÜRKAK.
In the laboratory, there are 2 alpha-spectrometry systems with 8 PIPS detectors each, related electronic instruments, hardware and software. Samples analyzed in this laboratory are prepared at 2 radiochemistry laboratories where instruments for physical and chemical processes like chemical separation, purification, drying electro-deposition, ashing, etc are available.
Alpha Spectrometry System Radiochemistry Laboratory
Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) Laboratory
Amounts and energies of alpha and beta particles emitted in the samples are measured in this laboratory so that the alpha and beta emitting radioisotopes present in the samples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The experiment "3ﻻ Analyses in Drinking Water" performed in this laboratory is accredited by TÜRKAK.
In the laboratory, there are 2 ultra low liquid scintillation counters, related electronic instruments, hardware and software. Samples analyzed in this laboratory are prepared at "LSC Radiochemistry Laboratory" where instruments for processes like distillation, extraction, drying, ashing, etc are available.
Tritium Analysis Liquid Scintillation Counter
OUR SERVICES /
Radioactivity Measurement and Analysis Activities
Air Sampling Station
ÇNAEM also employs an "Air Sampling Station" consisting of a high volume air sampler (750 m3/hr), low volume air sampler (60 L/min), d ry/w et fallout sampler, and rain water collector
for sampling of air and rain water for radioactivity, particle and metallic analyses.
Radon M easurement Laboratory
Air, soil and water radon activity concentration is determined using active and passive methods.
Using the method of passive radon measurements in confined spaces was launched in 1984, for radon mapping of Turkey.
For the in situ radon measurements with active methods, Rad7 and Alphaguard devices are used.
Passive Radon Measurement System Air Sampling Station
CR-39 Nuclear Track Detectors Active Radon Measurement System
OUR SERVICES /
Analytical Measurement Services
Mainly, the toxic and trace elements being analyzed in the environmental samples (air, water and soil) and the food samples by using nuclear analytical methods. In addition to this, analysis of samples being performed qualitatively and quantitatively in accordance with the industrial demand and protocols with the state institutions and organization to determine the environmental radiation level and the environmental pollution.
Main Activities
In accordance with demands of the centre and other institutions;
♦ Preparation of solid and liquid samples before analysis (dissolution, grinding, pressing e tc -)
♦ Research and development of nuclear analytical methods ♦ Radiochemical separations
♦ Trace and toxic element analysis in different sample matrices
Testing Capabilities
♦ ICP-Optical Emission Spectrometry ♦ X- Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry ♦ Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ♦ Neutron Activation Analysis
♦ Ion Chromatography
OUR SERVICES /
Analytical Measurement Services
Sample Preparation Laboratory
In this laboratory, microwave digestion system used for dissolving solid samples (waste, soil, sedi ment, food) and liquid samples prior to inductively coupled plasma and atomic absorption analy sis. Before performing X-Ray Fluorescence analysis, the presence of some devices is also crucial. Miniftrse system, grinding system and press machine are available in the laboratory in order to ob tain more accurate and reproducible results in X-Ray analysis.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Laboratory
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry is a rapid, qualitative and quantitative multi-element technique of using x-ray focused by optics to carry out elemental analysis. As a non-destructive technique, it is used for chemical analysis of soils, rocks, sediment and fluids. X Ray Fluorescence is also well- suited for environmental studies; performing analyses of particulate m atter on air filters is possi ble by the technique.
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) Laboratory
Research Reactor is the most suitable source of neutrons that irradiate the sample of interest to determine trace and minor elements.
Sample Preparation WDXRF Spectrometer
OUR SERVICES /
Analytical Measurement Services
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Laboratory
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) is used for determining the concentration of a particular element in a sample to be analyzed. AAS can be used to determine over 70 different elements in solution or dissolved solid samples. With AAS device, analyses are conducted at mg/L level. Graphite tube and hydride system are used for determining the concentration at |ig/L level.
ICP-Optical Emission Spectrom etry (ICP-OES) Laboratory
ICP-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) is used to determine concentrations of (about 70) elements in solution. It is a fast analyzes technique by which the analysis of chemical substances is possible around major and minor concentration. Multi-element analysis is doable by the technique; this is the reason why it is suitable for the environmental studies. It has the measurement level from ppb to %. It is also greatly important for the determination of rare- earth element that emits electromagnetic radiation at characteristic wavelengths.
Chromatography Laboratory
Ion Chromatography (IC) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) are devices primarily used for environmental studies in the laboratory. IC is great utility for analysis of anion for which there are no other rapid analytical methods. It is used to analyze drinking water, and also pollution in sea and river water.
ICP-OES System Atomic Absorption System
Microwave Solving System Ion Chromatography System
OUR SERVICES /
Analytical Measurement Services
UV-Vis Spectrophotom etry Laboratory
UV Spectrophotometer and DR/ 2800 are used for analyzing the concentration of sample by means of absorption of ultraviolet light. When compared to ÜV Spectrophotometer, DR/ 2800 is more practical, time-saving reliable and faster. It is ideal spectrophotometer for economical, efficient and routine analysis in mg/L.
Portable W ater Quality Monitoring System
It is particularly well-suited for environmental surveys, applications and wastewater and surface water monitoring. The system allows monitoring a wide variety of parameters, including: pH, conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solid material, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, depth and redox potential.
Portable Water Quality Measurement System DR/280Q Spectrophotometer
OUR SERVICES /
Calibration Services
The laboratory has acquired the status of national standard laboratory with the basic aim of improving accuracy in radiation dosimetry in the country. Radiation measuring instrumente need to be calibrated to ensure that they give accurate and correct reading with a certain uncertainties and to comply with the regulations imposed by the relevant authority. The laboratory has the responsibility to ensure that the calibration services provided by the laboratory follow internationally accepted metrological standards. This is achieved by calibrating the laboratory's protection and therapy levels dosimeters against those in the Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (PSDLs), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), or by participating in the international comparison on dosimetry measurements programmes. The SSDL is a member of the IAEA/WHO Network of SSDLs.
Gamma Radiation
Radionuclide sources are used to perform calibration at photon energies above 300 keV. There are several gamma sources i.e. Caesium-137 and Cobalt-60 with different activities available to provide radiation standards for protection and therapy level dose rates. The reference gamma radiation fields are determined in terms of air kerma rate. A teletherapy 60Co unit model Picker C 9 is used to provide national standards for air kerma and absorbed dose to water at therapy level and calibration service for therapy level dosimeters. Radiotherapy centers must possess an ionization chamber with a calibration factor or coefficient traceable to a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory. SSDL has provided air kerma calibration coefficient (Nk), absorbed dose to water calibration coefficient (N٥,w) at high-energy photon beam.
Radiation protection survey instruments such as ionization chamber, scintillation detector and solid-state detector are calibrated in terms of exposure, air kerma, dose equivalent and ambient dose equivalent as well as directional dose equivalent. Reference photon radiation selected from ISO Standard 4037 series are used for calibration of radiation survey instruments and for determination of their en ergy response.
Protection Level Irradiation Laboratory Therapy Level Irradiation Laboratory
OUR SERVICES /
Calibration Services
X-Raya Beam
Calibration at photon energies below 300 keV is usually carried out using an x-ray system. SSDL has created a series of x-ray beam qualities which were selected to match the beam qualities offered by the International Bureau of Weight and Measures (BIPM) and based on ISO Narrow Spectrum Series. The Yxlon constant potential x-ray systems type MG 160 with a 160 kV tube and Siemens Stabilipan with a 300 kV tube is used to generate ISO narrow spectrum series x-ray reference radiation for the calibration of radiation protection instruments. The beam characteristics are shown in table 1 and table 2, where the values of the mean energies have been adopted from the ISO document X-rays generated between 100 kV and 250 kV in accordance with the BIPM therapy qualities are used for calibration of therapy level dosimeters. It is also generated diagnostic radiation qualities such as RQR, RQT in accordance with IEC 61267 standard.
X-Ray Beam Laboratory
ACCREDITATION OF LABORATORY
The laboratory is established as the national focal point for the calibration of radiation measuring instruments which are used in measurements of ionization radiation. To maintain the radiation dosimetry standard in accordance with an international standard, a comprehensive quality assurance programme based on the ISO/IEC 17025 is adopted and implemented. Two methods for the therapy dosimeter calibrations were accredited by the Turkish Accreditation body (TURKAK).
OUR SERVICES /
Nuclear Electronics Device Manufacturing, Maintenance, Repair ServicesThe Nuclear Electronics Division of Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center is going on to the maintenance and repair services with the engineers and technicians specialized in the field of nuclear electronics. It mainly covers the maintenance and repair of nuclear electronic instruments and systems used in our Center. Besides that, the division provides services to the military, universities, research centers and independent establishments using nuclear electronic instruments.
In addition, Nuclear Electronic Division collaborates with national and international institutions and universities. It attends international research projects and it gives technical c o n s u lta n t service, if demanded.
Radiation Measuring Instruments Produced Electronic Instruments Production Laboratory in Our Center
P rin ted Circuit B oard P rep aratio n Unit
OUR SERVICES /
Nuclear Electronics Device Manufacturing, Maintenance, Repair ServicesRadiation Early Warning System Network (RESA)
Beyond other responsibilities, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEA) is responsible for nuclear safety of our Country.So, it is aimed to design and produce atÇekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center Laboratoriesa radiation early warning system (RESA)with the components mostly available in Turkish m arket RESA has been established,especially at the borders of country, since 1999.The system is in operation 24 hours nonstop by using of 150 remote stations located all around Turkey.
The data obtained by RESA Station is displayed daily on the web page of TAEA and also this data is shared withEURDEP (EUropeanRadiological Data Exchange Platform).
Fixed Radiation Measuring System a t Customs Gates (R-GA TE)
A fixed radiation measuring system for vehicles at customs gates was developed in our center. A total of 48 fixed radiation measurement stations were set up at the borders. These stations work 24/7 and send the measurement data to TAEA Emergency Center.
ﺀ
'" ■٠■٠٠ ﺍ٠ ﻱ ٠ ﺉ , ٠١u ٠ عRESA Measuring Stations
T ٠
-R-GATE Measuring Stations
OUR SERVICES/Qwaftty
Control Services
Non-destructive Testing Activities
Non-destructive testing (NDT) activities are performed in the way that service in the laboratory and in-place, training, research and consultancy. The service and training are performed in six methods (radiography, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, eddy current and visual examination) and these methods are acredited according to TS EN 17025 by TÜRKAK. The NDT laboratories are equiped with conventional and advanced NDT systems.
Ultrasonic Weld Examination Radiographic Application in the
Co-60 Laboratory
Magnetic Particle Examination Crack Detection with Magnetic Particle Method
O I S E U S / ^u^^^tyCo^tï^olSe
١٦?ices
Non-destructive testing training courses are arranged according to TS EN 473 standard and PED/97/23/EC pressurized equipment directives in 6 methods and 3 levels. Basing on the agreemnet between TAEK and TÜV NORD, the training courses are arranged in the NDT laboratories of Industry Unit and the qualification examination and certification are performed by TÜV NORD. A wide range of projects on the research and development of NDT methods have been executed by the support of IAEA and TAEK.
Flat Panel Radiography System
GjRDAP AKIMLARI CİHAZLARI
Phased Array Ültrasonic Examination Eddy Current Examination
O I S E R U S / QualiyControl Services
Quality Control o f Radiopharmaceuticals and Radioisotopes
As a reference laboratory of Health Ministery, radiochemical, radionuclidic, biological and chemical quality control tests are performed on cold kits and radiopharmaceuticals produced in Turkey or imported from abroad. "Quality Control Result Reports" are given to Health Ministery as a parameter for licence of radiopharmaceuticals and cold kits.
Quality control checks are carried out on dose calibrators that come from nuclear medicine centers and "Quality Control Certificate" is given for proper dose calibrators.
Fort his purpose;
♦ Accuracy Test (Using NIST certificated 57Co, 60Co, i33Ba, i37Cs sources) ♦ Linearity Test (ggmTc 300-500 mCi)
♦ Geometry Test (ggmTc 10-20 mCi) are performed.
.٠. dikkat.
٠ RAOTASYOH
tehlikesi
Chemical Quality Control Laboratory Dose Calibrator Quality Control Laboratory
OUR SERVICES /
Radioisotope Transfer Service
At our center;
♦ Transfer of i 2 ؟Ir or 75Se to gamagraphy devices ♦ Mounting of i 2 ؟Ir or 75Se source holders
♦ Inspection of radiography projectors ♦ Repair of radiography projectors are performed.
ﺍ
Radioactive Source Transfer Hot Cell
The View from the Inside of Radioactive Source Transfer Hot Cell
OUR SERVICES /
Radiation Control and M easurement
ServicesIn accordance with the Regulations of Radiation Safety of TAEK the radiation control activities for granting licence of facilities including hospitals (radiotheraphy, nuclear medicine, x-ray, etc) and industrial those have operation with radiation and radioactive materials are done at Marmara Region.
)n case of nuclear and radiological emergency situation, radiation measurements are carried on for radiation protection of the public and the environment Also activities are carried on to help the improvement of emergency plans at national level. In case of a emergency situation, intervention is done by emergeny situtation personnel (ADME). For this purpose all types of detectors and apparatus are allways ready for operation.
ADME in the Line of Duty
Biologic Dosimeter Laboratory
ÇNAEM Biodosimetry laboratory was established in 1988, provides routinely CA analysis to evaluate irradiated people or suspected of being over exposed by ionizing radiation and person who applied to get licenses for importing medical or industrial radiological instruments. t is well established dicentric and MN analysis techniques since 1988 and for FSH analysis since 1998. Standard procedures and methods are used according to )AEA technical Report No: 405. The laboratory was established own dose-response curves for gamma rays according to own laboratory working conditions in I990's. ÇNAEM Biodosimetry laboratory serves to all of Turkey.
The Appearance of a Metaphase Cell with Fish Method
Tissue Culture Procedures
OUR SERVICES /
Radioactive Waste Management
Radioactive Waste Management Division (RWMD)is responsible for collecting, processing transportation, storage and disposal of radioactive waste in Turkey and fulfilling all activities related to the administrative and technical issues.
RWMD works with the basic principles of radioactive waste management, which are protection of human health, environmental protection, protection of communities outside borders, the protection of ftrture generations, minimum responsibility to next generations and minimal waste generation. All the procedures are performed in accordance with national and international regulations.
RWMD has been operating since 1989. Licence of Operation was given by Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEA) on March 2013.
RWMD accepts radioactive waste coming from all around the country. In addition, RWMD transports radioactive waste in accordance with Turkish Atomic Energy Authority's (TAEA) Transport of Radioactive Materials Regulations.
RWMD has two subunits, which are;
♦ Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Unit (LLRWMU) ♦ High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Unit (HLRWMU)
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT /
TR-2 Research Reactor
Turkish Reactor 2 (TR-2) is an open pool type materials testing reactor that is used for isotope production and research purposes. With its 5 MW nominal power TR-2 is the highest neutron flux generating nuclear reactor in the country. TR-2 complies with national and international legislations. The reactor is not intended to generate electricity.
TR-2 is mainly used for:
♦ Medical and industrial radioisotope production, ♦ Sample irradiation for neutron activation analysis, ♦ Thermo-hydraulics and neutronic experiments,
♦ Training and education of reactor operation personnel, radiation protection personnel and university students of related fields,
♦ Providing the necessary information on nuclear reactors by tours and presentations.
TR-2 Reactor Core Cherenkov Radiation
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT /
Nuclear Reactor Technology
The main activities of this unit of ÇNAEM are design, nuclear safety analysis, ftrel tycle, ftrel management of research and power reactors and energy planning.
٠ Generation and compilation of nuclear data for reactor design calculations and preparation of the input data for the available computer codes.
٠ Static and dynamic neutronics calculations and related ftrel management techniques, thermal-hydraulic and safety analysis.
٠ Core loading and isotope production calculations for the TR-2 reactor, optimization calculations for the maximum utilization of the reactor.
٠ The design and realization of the envisaged research reactors using domestic resources, development or transporting of related technologies, joint project agreements with developed countries.
٠ Development of an infrastructure at the proficienty level of a technical support organization for the licensing activities of the power reactors.
٠ Development of computer simulations and software for research and power reactors, investigation and compilation of the relevant programs.
٠ Fuel tycle studies for power reactors and manufacturing of the reactor ftrel elements using domestic means in collaboration with the fuel technology unit.
٠ Designing and conducting an experimental laboratory for the thermal-hydraulic investigations of research reactors.
اأﻻاﻻ ٠٠ ؛م
-VVER Reactor Core Model in CNUREAS Program Neutron Flux Distribution
Obtained by CNÜREAS Program
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
/ Reactor Materials
♦ Turkey's energy and nuclear technology dependence reduction,
♦ With the development of nuclear reactor material technologies, production of all stages of nuclear fuel and other nuclear reactor materials both theoritical and practical research, and after that large-scale nuclear power plant establishment if needed,
♦ Fuel and fuel components, spent fuel processes, control rods and heavy water th at can be used in nuclear processes and design of equipments for zirconium and its alloys production, procurement, and establising,
♦ Determination of standards by characterization tests of materials used in nuclear reactors; application of compliance testing of nuclear material required to be supplied by imports and approval,
♦ Turkey's nuclear technology infrastructure and qualified human resources are aimed to develope.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Internal Gelation Unit for Microspehere
Production
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for Solid State Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer Analysis (ICP-MS) for Impurity and Isotopic Analysis
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
/ Reactor Materials
Related to the subject;
♦ Purification of uranium,
♦ Separation of thorium and rare earth elements from Turkey's thorium ores,
♦ Production of UO2 from ammonium diuranate, (ADU) and ammonium uranyl carbonate, (AUC),
♦ Production of UO2, ThO2 and (U,Th)O2 microspheres and burnable absorber fuels by
sol-gel technique, and plutonium simulation studies with (U,Ce)O2, (Th,Ce)O2 etc. ♦ R&D and lab scale production of nuclear power reactor fuel pellets,
♦ Quality control studies of every stage nuclear ftrel processes,
♦ Studies of related chemical and physical analyses demands are done by our un it
UO2 Green Pellets
Uranium Microspheres Produced by Internal Gelation Process
Sintered UO2 and ThO2 Pellets
RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT /
Nuclear Physics Studies
In CNAEM the initial Nuclear Physics studies started in 1962 about Reactor Physics and Plasma Physics. In the Nuclear Physics Department studies are performed using the SAMES T-400 and J-15 ion accalarators.
These studies are:
♦ The measurement of the absorbtion Cross-Sections of the reactions occured between the low energy protons and a particles with light nuclides
♦ Astrophysics studies
♦ Growth of scintillation crystalls
♦ Applications of portable gamma spectrometer ♦ Plasma based studies
SAMES J-15 Ion Accelerator System SAMES T-400 Ion Accelerator System
Plasma Laboratory
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT /
Development ofRadiation Measuring Instruments
Applications of nuclear technology in the fields of medicine and industry have become widespread in our country parallel with the world. For this reason, the development and the production of the radiation measuring instruments with the local resources become very important.
"Developing and Producing Radiation Measuring Instruments (RADGE) Project" was started at the Nuclear Electronics Division of our center and aimed to design prototypes of the radiation measuring and monitoring instruments for different size and specifications. The gained know how during these activities is applied to the developed prototypes, so new developed models are capable to compete with the new technology.
Currently Produced Instruments:
♦ Portable Radiation Dose and Dose Rate Meters, ♦ Radiation Area Monitors,
♦ Fixed Radiation Measuring Instruments, ♦ Personel Electronic Dosimeter
The developed prototypes are produced in priority for the needs of TAEA, but the production is made also for universities, army, medical and industrial establishments.
♦ Nuclear Research ♦ Hospitals ♦ Universities ♦ Industry ♦ Civil Defense ♦ Army
R&D Works for Radiation Measuring Instruments
TRAININGS
The purpose of the educational activities organized in ÇNAEM are; ♦ To train the staff will work in the nuclera field
♦ To inform the public
The training topics are grouped under the following main headings.
InserviceTariningCourses
These courses include refresh the knowledge of the staff, new staff education and intern students education. Radiation Protection Course, Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency Preparedness Course, Quality Management Education, Occupational Health and Safety Educa tion, seminars and workshops are organized in this contex.
The Education / Seminars that ÇNAEM StaffGave out o f CNAEM
The trainings requested by the institutions working with radiation and radioactive materials. These trainings are usually intended for radiation protection.
N^tion^l and International Courses / Seminars / Workshops Attended by ÇNAEM Staff o u t o f Center
These are courses, seminars or meetings arranged about nuclear issues.
The Trainings Arranged by IAEA or EU.
IAEA or EU sometimes arrange workshops in CNAEM. These Trainings include national and international participants. In these trainings with experts from abroad, CNAEM staff also gives seminars.
Project Management Training
TRAININGS
Trainings Organised in CNAEM
♦ Radiation Measurement and Radiation Protection Course ♦ Radiation Protection in Industrial Radiography
♦ Radiation Protection in !ndustrial Applications ♦ Radiation Protection in Nuclear Medicine ♦ Basic Radiopharmacy Course
♦ Radon ve Radon Measurement Course
♦ Radiation, Radiation Protection, Radioactive Materials in Scraps and Portable Radiation Measuring Device Education
♦ Material Examination with Radiographic Method (Level 1-3) ♦ Material Examination with Ultrasonic Method (Level 1-3) ♦ Material Examination with Liquid Penetrant Method (Level 1-3) ♦ Material Examination with Magnetic Particle Method (Level 1-3) ♦ Material Examination with Eddy Current Method (Level 1-3) ♦ NDT Main Course
Additionally in our Center, internship trainings (for university students) and informative seminars (for the visitors from the high schools, universities and other institutations/ organizations) are organized.
rmation and publicity in 2012 by ÇNAEM. This document has been prepared for the purp in
