AFFILIATIONS
Eczac×l×k Fakültesi,
Farmasötik Botanik AD,
ústanbul, Türkiye
CORRESPONDENCE
Gizem Bulut
E-mail:gizem.bulut@
marmara.edu.tr
Received:
26.11.2010
Revision:
11.12.2010
Accepted:
20.12.2010
INTRODUCTION
Silivri is situated in the European part of ústanbul
(Turkey) and has an area of 860 km². It has 8
sub-district, 13 villages (Figure 1). Silivri is
surround-ed by Çatalca (ústanbul) from the north, the
Mar-mara Sea from the south, Çorlu and MarMar-mara
Ereùlisi (Tekirdaù) from the west and
Büyükçek-mece (ústanbul) from the east (1).
This is the first comprehensive ethnobotanical
re-search realized between 2008-2010. However,
this study includes only the plants used in
tradi-tional folk medicine.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The information about the various data (local
names, part(s) of plants used, ailments treated,
therapeutic effect, methods of preparation,
meth-ods of administration and record place) were
ob-tained from experienced adults and patients by
personal interviews.
The plant specimens are kept in the Herbarium of
the Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University
(MARE). The “Flora of Turkey and the East
Aegean Islands” (2) was mainly used for the
identification of the plants.
During the field works, all the settlements (21
in-cluding 13 villages) were visited. They are listed
below, with a reference number for the record
place of the local information.
1. Büyükçavuülu (center) 2. Çanta (center), 3.
Deùirmenköy (center), 4.Gümüüyaka (center), 5.
Kavakl× (center), 6. Ortaköy (center), 7. Silivri
(center) 8. Selimpaüa (center), 9. Akören, 10.
Bekirli, 11. Beyciler, 12. Büyükk×l×çl×, 13.
Büyük-sinekli, 14. Çay×rdere, 15. Çeltik, 16. Danamand×ra,
17. Fener, 18. Kurfall×, 19. Küçüksinekli, 20.
Say-alar, 21. Seymen.
This study is carried out according to the
previ-ous investigations (3-13) in our department.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to the results of identifications of the
specimens, 35 species are being used as folk
med-icine in Silivri. Among them 25 species are wild
and 10 species are cultivated plants. These are
presented in Table-1 arranged in alphabetical
or-der of their botanical names with the relevant
in-formation.
The folk medicinal plants are mostly used for
stomach ailments, cough, hemorrhoid,
rheuma-tism, cold, eczema and diabetes.
Decoction and infusion are the methods mostly
used for the preparation of the folk medicine.
Helleborus orientalis and Juglans regia are used
only in animal treatment.
The comparison of the folk medicinal plants
re-corded in the ethnobotanical studies which were
made in the European part of Turkey (8, 12, 14,
15, 16) and in the Asian part of ústanbul (5) is
pre-sented in Table 2.
According to Table 2, Ecballium elaterium,
Hyperi-cum perforatum, Malva sylvestris Paliurus
spina-christi, Prunus spinosa subsp. dasyphylla, and
ABSTRACT: In this study, the folk medicinal plants of Silivri (ústanbul) were researched. During
the field works, the information were obtained from experienced adults and patients by
per-sonal interviews and the specimens of the plants were collected. The plant specimens are kept
in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University. As a result of identification of
the plant specimens, 35 species used as a traditional folk medicine in Silivri, have been
deter-mined. Among them 25 species are wild and 10 species are cultivated plants. These plants and
their local usage in treatment are presented in a table in the text. The plants are mostly used for
stomach ailments, cough, hemorrhoid, rheumatism, cold, eczema and diabetes.
KEY WORDS: Folk medicine, medicinal plants, Silivri, ústanbul, Turkey.
Gizem Bulut
Folk medicinal plants of Silivri
(ústanbul, Turkey)
T
ABLE 1.
Folk medicinal plants of Silivri (
İstanbul, T
urkey)
Botanical name, F
amily and Specimen number
Local name
Plant P
art used
Ailments treated/ Therapeutic effect
Preparation
Administratio
n, Dosage / Record place
*Alcea rosea
L.
(Malvaceae), MARE 11397
Hatmi, Karafatma
Flowers & Leaves
Asthma Infusion Int. (10) Anthemis cotula L. (Asteraceae), MARE 11382 Papatya, Pirelik Capitulum Abdominal pain Infusion Int. (5, 9, 12) *Cerasus avium (L .) Moench (Rosaceae), MARE 11194 Kiraz Fruit stalk Digestive Infusion Int. (12) Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae), MARE 11312 K ız ılc ık, Köpek k ız ılc ığ ı Fruits Diarrhea — Eaten (16) Cornus sanguinea L. subsp. australis (C.A . Meyer) Jáv . (Cornaceae), MARE 11279 K ız ılc ık, Köpek k ız ılc ığ ı Fruits Diarrhea — Eaten (16) *Cydonia oblonga Miller (Rosaceae), MARE 11406 A yva Leaves Leaves Cough Stomachache Infusion Infusion Int. (18) Int. (17) Ecballium elaterium (L .) A . Rich. (Cucurbitaceae), MARE 11385 Ac ı kavun, Ş eytan kavunu
Roots Roots Fruit juice Fruit juice Fruit Rheumatism Eczema Hepatitis Sinusitis Rheumatism Infusion Decoction — — Oleat Int. (18) Ext. (9, 17) Dropped into the nostrils (5, 9, 10) Dropped into the nostrils, 1-2drop(s) (9, 10) Ext. (17, 18)
Equisetum telmateia
Ehrh.
(Equisetaceae), MARE 11386
K
ırkkilit, Su otu Whole plant Whole plant Kidney stones Stomachache Infusion Infusion Int. (9, 18) Int. (18) Ficus carica L. subsp. carica (Moraceae), MARE 11273, 11372 İncir Latex Leaves W art Abscess — — Ext. (1, 3, 4, 7, 9,10, 11, 15, 16, 18, 19) Wrapped in a cloth, ext.
Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb. ex W illd.) F
ranco & Rocha Afonso
(Oleaceae), MARE 11298, 11388 D ış budak Flowering branches Prostate ailments Infusion Int. (20) Helleborus orientalis Lam. (Ranunculaceae), MARE 11287, 11316 Babatire, Kara ot Roots Roots Cold (for animal) Immunostimulan (for animal) Crushed Crushed Inserted in ear for 2 hours (14, 16, 20) Added into the fodder (16)
Hypericum perforatum
L.
(Hypericaceae), MARE 11410
Kantaron
Flowering branches Flowering branches Diabetes Stomachache
P
ut into water for a while Put into water for a while Int., before breakfast (18) Int., before breakfast (17, 18)
Hypericum montbretii Spach (Hypericaceae), MARE 11318 Kantaron Flowering branches Stomachache Infusion Int. (19) *Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), MARE 11393 Ceviz Immature fruits W
ound (for animal)
Crushed Ext. (9) Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae), MARE 11205, 11269, 11378, 11311 Ebe gümeci
Flowers & Leaves Flowers & Leaves Leaves Stomachic Hemorrhoid Intestinal diseases Infusion Infusion Infusion Int. (8) Int. (12) Int. (10)
Matricaria chamomilla
L.
var
. recutita
(L
.) Grierson (Asteraceae), MARE11130
Papatya
Capitulum Capitulum Cough Sore throat Infusion Infusion Int. (9, 10) Int. (12) *Mentha spicata L . subsp. spicata (Lamiaceae), MARE 11340 Yabani nane Leaves Stomachache Infusion Int. (4, 6, 7, 12) *Mespilus germanica L. (Rosaceae), MARE 11320, 11294, 11408, 11307 Döngel, Mu şmula Leaves Leaves Asthma Hemorrhoid Infusion Boiled in water Int. (10) Steam bath (18)
*Morus alba
L.
(Moraceae), MARE 11401, 11402
Dut
Fruits
Oral candidiasis (for babies)
Boiled in water (+sugar)
Dropped into the mouth (18)
Paliurus spina-christi
Miller
(Zygophyllaceae), MARE 11377, 11404
Draga dikeni, Karaçal
ı
Fruits Cough
Infusion
Int.
T
ABLE 1.
Folk medicinal plants of Silivri (
İstanbul, T
urkey)
Botanical name, F
amily and Specimen number
Local name
Plant P
art used
Ailments treated/ Therapeutic effect
Preparation
Administratio
n, Dosage / Record place
Prunus spinosa L. subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin (Rosaceae), MARE 11375 Güvem eri ği, Yabani erik Immature fruits Diabetes Infusion Int. (18) Pteridium aquilinum (L .) K uhn (Hypolepidaceae), MARE 11277 E ğrelti Roots Diuretic Infusion Int. (20) Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), MARE 11284, 11309, 11409 Köpek gülü, Kuşburnu, Y aban gülü,Y abani gül
Fruits Fruits Fruits Cold (for children) Diarrhea Stomachache Infusion Infusion Infusion Int. (10, 18) Int. (10) Int. (17)
Rubus sanctus
Schreber
(Rosaceae), MARE11375
Bö
ğürtlen,
Çobanköse, Karamama, Karamuk Leaves Fruits Cough Diabetes Infusion — Int. (5, 9) Eaten (16) Rumex crispus L. (P olygonaceae), MARE 11280, 11328, 11373 Labada Leaves Diuretic Infusion Int. (12) Salix alba L. (Salicaceae), MARE 11315 Sö ğüt Leaves Headache Infusion Int. (18) *Salix babylonica L. (Salicaceae), MARE 11399 Salk ım sö ğüt, Sö ğüt Leaves Headache Infusion Int. (18) *Salvia fruticosa Miller (Lamiaceae),MARE 11341 Ada çay ı Leaves Abdominal pain Infusion Int. (12) Sambucus nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae), MARE11381 Mülver , Mürver Flowers Bronchitis Infusion Int. (10) Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae), MARE 11302 Mayas ıl otu Aerial parts Hemorrhoid Infusion Int. (16) Thymus longicaulis C.P ersl subsp. longicaulis var
. subisophyllus (Borbás) Jalas
(Lamiaceae), MARE 11297
K
ekik, K
eklik otu
Volatile oil Flowering branches Toothache Stomachache Obtained from flowering branch by steam-water distillation Infusion Ext. (16) Int. (14) *T ilia argentea Desf . ex DC. (T iliaceae), MARE 11391 Ihlamur Flowers Flowers
Cold Sore throat Infusion Infusion Int. (2, 6, 8,9, 12, 16, 18) Int. (6,12) Tilia platyphyllos Scop. (T iliaceae), MARE 11338 Ihlamur Flowers Flowers
Cold Sore throat Infusion Infusion Int. (9, 12) Int. (9) Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae), MARE 11398 Is ırgan Aerial parts
Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Hemorrhoid Cancer Rheumatism Diuretic Stomachache Cooked Infusion — Infusion Infusion Eaten (12) Int. (16) Wrapped in a cloth, ext. (10, 16) Int. (12) Int. (18)
Urtica urens L. (Urticaceae), MARE 11209 Is ırgan Aerial parts
Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Hemorrhoid Cancer Rheumatism Diuretic Stomachache Cooked Infusion — Infusion Infusion Eaten (12) Int. (16) Wrapped in a cloth, ext. (16) Int. (12) Int. (18)
T
ABLE 2.
The comparison of the folk medicinal plants recorded in the ethnobotanical studies made in the European part of T
urkey (8, 12,
14, 15, 16) and in the Asian part of
İstanbul (5)
Folk medicinal plants of Silivri
Lalapa şa (Edirne) Babaeski (K ırklareli) K ırklareli (except Babaeski) Tekirda ğ Çatalca ( İstanbul) Ş ile ( İstanbul) *Alcea rosea L. — — — — — — Anthemis cotula L. — — — — — — *Cerasus avium (L .) Moench — ≠≠ — ≠ — Cornus mas L. ≠ Diarrhea Diarrhea — Diarrhea — Cornus sanguinea L . subsp. australis (C.A . Meyer) Jáv . — — — — — — *Cydonia oblonga Miller — Cold Cough Cold Cough — Cold Cough Cold Ecballium elaterium (L .) A . Rich. Sinusitis Rheumatism Sinusitis Hepatitis Rheumatism eczema Sinusitis Hepatitis Rheumatism Hepatitis Rheumatism eczema Sinusitis Hepatitis Sinusitis Hepatitis Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. — — Kidney stones Kidney stones ≠ Kidney stones Ficus carica L . subsp. carica W art — — — W art W art Fraxinus angustifolia V ahl. subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb. ex W illd.) F
ranco & Rocha Afonso
— ≠ ——— — Helleborus orientalis Lam. — — Cold — ≠ Cold Hypericum perforatum L . Diabetes Stomach ailments Diabetes Stomachache Stomachache Stomachache ≠ Hypericum montbretii Spach ≠ —— — — — *Juglans regia L . ≠ — ≠ — ≠≠ Malva sylvestris L. Hemorrhoid Stomach ailments ≠≠≠ ≠ Matricaria chamomilla L . var . recutita (L .) Grierson ≠≠
Cough Sore throat
— — Cough *Mentha spicata L . subsp. spicata Stomachache — — — — — *Mespilus germanica L. — ≠≠ —— ≠ *Morus alba L. ≠≠ —— ≠ — Paliurus spina-christi Miller ≠≠ ≠ Cough ≠≠ Prunus spinosa L . subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes Pteridium aquilinum (L .) K uhn — — ≠ —— — Rosa canina L . Cold Cold Cold Stomachache ≠ Stomachache Rubus sanctus Schreber ≠≠ — Diarrhea ≠ Cough Rumex crispus L. ≠ — ≠ — ≠ — Salix alba L. — — Headache — — — *Salix babylonica L . — — — — — ≠ *Salvia fruticosa Miller — — — ≠ —— Sambucus nigra L. ≠ — Bronchitis Bronchitis ≠ — Teucrium polium L . Hemorrhoid — ≠≠ —— Thymus longicaulis C. Presl subsp. longicaulis var . subisophyllus (Borbás) Jalas ≠ Stomach ailments ≠ — — Stomachache Tilia argentea Desf . ex DC. — Cold — ≠ Cold Cold *T ilia platyphyllos Scop. — — Cold — — — Urtica dioica L . Stomachache
Stomach ailments Hemorrhoid Stomachache Hemorrhoid Rheumatism Cancer
— Stomachache Rheumatism Hemorrhoid Cancer Urtica urens L. ≠ — — Cancer — — (≠
