Helminthiasis in the pigs of Rangamati district of Bangladesh
Safiul Ahad Sardar
1, Debaraj Chakma
2, Anisuzzaman
3, Kamal Hossain
4, Ausraful Islam
4*Özet
Sardar SA, Chakma D, Anisuzzaman, Hossain K, Islam A.
Bangladeş’in Rangamati bölgesi domuzlarında helmintiazis.
Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 4, 233-236
Araştırma evcil domuzlarda helmint prevalansını belirle-mek amacıyla yapıldı. İnceleme 135 yerel ve melez ırk do-muzda yapıldı. Dışkı örnekleri Stoll`s ova tekniği uygulana-rak incelendi. İncelenen örneklerin 75 (%55.5)’inin bir veya daha fazla helmint ile enfekte olduğu belirlendi. 0-12 ay yaş ile 0-70 kg domuzlarda Metastrongylus sp. ve Fasciolopsis sp. prevalansı 12 ay ile 70 kg üzeri olanlardan önemli oran-da (p<0.05) yüksek belirlendi. Erkek ve lokal ırk domuzlar-da Fasciolopsis sp. prevalansı dişiler ve melez ırklardomuzlar-dan yük-sek (p<0.05) tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak domuzların birçok helmint türü ile enfekte olduğu ve sürekli tedavilerin gerek-tiği gözlendi. Uygulamalar ise domuzların sağlık durumları düzeltirken zoonoz riskini de düşürebilecektir.
Abstract
Sardar SA, Chakma D, Anisuzzaman, Hossain K, Islam A.
Helminthiasis in the pigs of Rangamati district of Bangla-desh. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 4, 233-236
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of helminths among domestic pigs. Totally 135 local pigs and cross-breed pigs were sampled. The faecal samples were examined by using Stoll`s ova counting method. Among the sampled pigs 75 (55.5%) were infected with one or more species of helminths. The prevalence of Metastrongylus sp. and Fasciolopsis sp. was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the pigs of 0-12 months age and 0-70 kg body weight groups compared to over 12 months and 70 kg body weight groups. The prevalence of Fasciolopsis sp. was significantly (p<0.05) higher in males and local pigs than females and cross-breed pigs, respectively. In conclusion, pigs are infected with sev-eral species of helminths. So regular dewarming is neces-sary which will not only develop the health status of the domestic pigs but also will reduce the risk of the zoonoses.
1Upazilla Livestock Officer, 2Veterinary Surgeon, Upazila Livestock Office, Rangamati Sadar, 3Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, 4Centre for Communicable Diseases, icddr,b, Bangladesh
Received: 12.09.2012, Accepted: 03.10.2012
*rajibdvmpara@gmail.com
Anahtar kelimeler: Helmint, prevalans, domuz Keywords: Helminth, prevalence, pig
Eurasian
Journal of Veterinary Sciences
www.eurasianjvetsci.org - www.ejvs.selcuk.edu.tr
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Pig population, reared in the household of Bangladesh,
is 326.000 (Anonym 2010). Although ethnic families
of Chittagong Hill tracts, Narayangonj, Mymensingh,
Dinajpur, Naogaon and Tangail districts rear pigs for
household consumption (Islam et al 2006), only one
Government pig farm is at Rangamati, a district
locat-ed in the southeast Bangladesh. Helminths not only
deprive the pigs from nutrients but also damage
in-ternal tissues making them more vulnerable to other
diseases, and the end result is great economic loss
(Johnson et al 1972, Soulsby 1982). Moreover, few
helminths have zoonotic importance. Fasciolopsis
buski. The prevalence of this parasite in Bangladesh
was confirmed in previous studies (Islam et al 2006).
Very few studies were conducted in Bangladesh to
ad-dress the parasitic problem of pigs (Islam et al 2005,
Islam et al 2006, Islam et al 2008). For strategic
con-trol program, it is essential to know parasitic
preva-lence of an area. For this reason, this study was
under-taken to know the parasitic prevalence of pigs.
For the study of prevalence of parasites, local pigs
reared in semi-scavenging system from different
plac-es of Rangamati district and cross-breed pigs reared
in intensive system in the Government Rangamati Pig
Farm were sampled from September to November,
2011. A total of 135 faecal samples were examined
(Cable 1957, Soulsby 1982). Faecal sample
examina-tion, parasites identification and preservation were
conducted in the laboratory, Department of
Parasi-tology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh
Ag-ricultural University, Mymensingh. For the
conveni-ent of the study, the pigs were divided into age (0-12
months, >12 months), sex (83 females, 52 males),
management systems (85 local pigs, 50 cross-breed
pigs) and body weight groups (0-70 kg, >70 kg).
Prevalence of the helminths in age, sex, management
systems and body weight groups was evaluated by
chi-square test. p<0.05 value was accepted
statisti-cally significance level.
A total of 75 (57.80%) pigs were infected with one or
more species of helminths (Table 1). This finding is not
supported by the findings of Islam et al (2006) who
reported 100% prevalence of helminthiasis.
Dispar-ity occurred may be due to geographical location and
sampling time. Among them the prevalence (20%) of
Fasciolopsis sp. (Figure 3) was the highest followed by
Ascaris sp. (Figure 4), Oesophagostomum sp. (Figure
2) and Metastrongylus sp. (Figure 1). The prevalence
of Brachylaemus sp., Necator sp. and Trichuris sp.
(Fig-ure 5) was very low (below 2%). Low prevalence of
these parasites was also reported by Nwoha and
Ek-wurike (2011). Interestingly, among the identified
helminths (Necator sp., Fasciolpsis sp., Trichuris sp.)
had zoonotic importance (Soulsby 1982, Graczyk et al
2001, Azam et al 2007, Lobo et al 2011).
The prevalence of Metastrongylus sp. and
Fasciolop-sis sp. was higher (p<0.05) among the pigs of 0-12
months age group compared to higher age group
(Table 2). The pigs of 0-12 month’s age group were
at 3.49 and 8.36 times more risk of being infected by
Metastrongylus sp. and Fasciolopsis sp.,
respective-ly. These findings are in agreement with Islam et al
(2006). Brachylaemus sp. and Trichuris sp. were
ab-sent among the pigs of up to12 months age group.
Ne-cator sp. was absent among the pigs of more than12
months age group. Low prevalence of these helminths
in pigs was also documented previously (Permin et al
1999, Nwoha and Ekwurike 2011). The prevalence of
Fasciolopsis sp. was higher among males than females
(Table 2). The risk of being infected by Fasciolopsis sp.
was 2.9 times higher among the males pigs compared
to the female. This finding contradicts with Sangeeta
et al (2002), Eijck and Borgsteede (2005) and Nwoha
and Ekwurike (2011). Disparity might have occurred
due to geographical location and sample size of the
studies. Prevalence of Trichuris sp. was not observed
234
Pig helminths Sardar et al
Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 4, 233- 236
Table 1. Overall prevalence of helminthes in pigs.
Name of helminth Animals affected (%)
Fasciolopsis sp. 27 (20%) Ascaris sp. 25 (18.5%) Oesophagostomum sp. 21 (15.6%) Metastrongylus sp. 16 (11.9%) Brachylaemus sp. 2 (1.5%) Necator sp. 2 (1.5%) Trichuris sp. 1 (0.7%) Overall 75 (57.8%)
Figure 1. Ova of Metastrongylus sp. Figure 2. Ova of Oesophagostomum sp. Figure 3. Ova of Fasciolopsis sp. Figure 4. Ova of Ascaris sp. Figure 5. Ova of Trichuris sp.
235
Pig helminths Sardar et al
Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 4, 233- 236
among the males (Table 2). The prevalence of Necator
sp. was significantly (p<0.01) higher among the local
pigs than cross-bred pigs (Table 2). Trichuris sp. was
prevalent only among the local pigs and absent among
the cross-bred pigs. As the cross-bred pigs are raised
in better management system, it is likely that
preva-lence among them will be lower. This finding was in
agreement with Lai et al (2011). The prevalence of
Metastrongylus sp. and Necator sp. was significantly
(p<0.05) associated with body weight and higher
among the pigs of 0-70 kg compared to over 70 kg
(Table 2).
In conclusion, control strategies including regular
deworming and proper sanitation should be done.
Hence, this application may improve the health status
of the pigs and reduce the risk of human infection by
zoonotic parasites.
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