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Aile içi şiddete maruz kalan kadınlar: Diyarbakır örneği

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(3) II ABSTRACT Violence against women is a problem affecting women of all races, languages, religions, and ethnic groups all over the world. Violence against women is one of the most important human rights issues. This study attempts to describe and discuss the varied forms of violence against women. The results of the questionnaire given to seventy-five women show that violence against women is not unidirectional but rather comes in many forms, such as physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence. This vicious cycle starts at an early age and continues throughout their lives. Women’s knowledge of how to access education, how to avoid violence, and how to apply to legal justice is restricted. At the head of this restriction is the limitation to the right to an education that happens when school-age girls are not sent to school. Even girls who do get to go to school are given an education which does not change the current system. Textbooks are used to intensify social gender roles and are a means by which social gender roles, with men as leaders and women in domestic roles, are reproduced. Therefore these children are being educated as individuals who will maintain this system. The existing system is used especially as a means of controlling the sexuality of women.. In many different parts of the world it is thought that certain behaviors and. demeanor of women regarding traditional cultural activities blemishes the honor of the family. This study attempts to determine and render more comprehensible the lives, thoughts, ways of life, and most importantly, the points of view of women who despite their fear struggle against domestic violence. One of the most important results of this study shows that women who experience domestic violence express no hope for their future. They do not think that they will be able to have a life different from the one they are currently living. The very idea of a life free from violence seems to them very far..

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(41) 8 KDNNÕEXOXQPDNWDGÕU.DGÕQODUoDOÕúPD\DúDPÕQGDDLOHYLVRUXPOXOXNODUÕQGDQND\QDNOÕJHoLFL RODUDN J|UOG÷ LoLQ \D LúH DOÕQPDPDNWD \D oRN GúN FUHW NDUúÕOÕ÷Õ JHoLFL RODUDN oDOÕúWÕUÕOPDNWDGÕU)DNDW$YUXSDWRSOXOX÷XQXQoDOÕúPD\DúDPÕQGDNDGÕQHUNHNHúLWOL÷LLONHVLQH GDLU LoHULVLQGH \HU DODQ ³$LOH YH dDOÕúPD <DúDPÕ´ EDúOÕNOÕ  úDUWÕQ NRQX\OD LOJLOL ELU GL÷HU PDGGHVL ³'D\DQÕúPD´ EDúOÕ÷Õ DOWÕQGD G|UGQF E|OPGH \HU DOPDNWDGÕU $LOH KXNXNL HNRQRPLNYHVRV\DONRUXQPDGDQ\DUDUODQÕU$LOHYLYHPHVOHNL\DúDPÕED÷GDúWÕUDELOPHN]HUH KHUNHVDQDOÕNODLOJLOLELUQHGHQOHLúWHQoÕNDUÕOPD\DYH\DHYODWHGLQPHVRQUDVÕHEHYH\QL]QLQH sahiptir (madde. 33) , (Süral, 2002; 65). .DGÕQODUÕQH÷LWLPYHoDOÕúPD\DúDPÕQGDNDUúÕODúWÕNODUÕúLGGHWLHúLWVL]OLNOHULDQFDNGHYOHW VL\DVHWL ED÷ODPÕQGD PFDGHOH HGLOLUVH EDúDUÕ\D XODúDELOHFHNWLU $OÕQDQ VL\DVDO NDUDUODUGD ROXúWXUXODQ NDQXQODUGD WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW DoÕVÕQGDQ GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL |QHP DU] HWPHNWHGLU .DGÕQ PFDGHOHVLQLQ VRPXW RODUDN o|]P UHWHELOPHN LoLQ VL\DVHWWH NDGÕQ EDNÕú DoÕVÕQÕ YDU HWPHVL JHUHNPHNWHGLU %X JHUHNOLOL÷LQ |QHPL J|] |QQH DOÕQGÕ÷ÕQGD NDGÕQODUÕQ H÷LWLP YH oDOÕúPD\DúDPÕQGDNDUúÕODúWÕ÷ÕHúLWVL]OLNOHUOHVL\DVLDUHQDGDGDNDUúÕODúÕOPDNWDGÕUODU .DGÕQODU2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷XG|QHPLQGHIDUNOÕ\D\ÕQRUJDQODUÕ\ODHúLWOLNLVWHNOHULQL GLOH JHWLUPLúOHUGLU 2VPDQOÕ 0GDIDDL +XNXNÕ 1LVYDQ &HPL\HWL YH \D\ÕQ RUJDQÕ .DGÕQODU 'Q\DVÕ 2VPDQOÕ WRSOXPXQGD NDGÕQÕQ GXUXPXQX IHPLQLVW ELU SHUVSHNWLIOH VRUXQVDOODúWÕUÕ\RU YHWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWHúLWVL]OL÷LQHNDUúÕPFDGHOHHGL\RUGX«7UNL\H¶GHNDGÕQODUGDKD \ÕOÕQGD KHQ] ³&XPKXUL\HW +DON )ÕUNDVÕ´ NXUXOPDGDQ |QFH ELU ³.DGÕQODU +DON )ÕUNDVÕ´ NXUPDN LoLQ PUDFDDW HGL\RUODU DPD KHQ] VL\DVDO KDNODUÕ EXOXQPDGÕ÷Õ JHUHNoHVL\OH EX talepleri reddediliyordu (Berktay, 2004; 24). .DGÕQODUÕQ VL\DVHWH DNWLI NDWÕOÕPÕ NDGÕQHUNHN HúLWOL÷LQLQ ROXúXPXQGD |QHPOL ELU NRQXPD VDKLSWLU 2\ KDNNÕ PFDGHOHVL\OH EDúOD\DQ NDGÕQ KDUHNHWL EXJQ GQ\DQÕQ KHU yerinde “siyasetin feminizasyonu” mücadelesi vermektedir. 7UNL\H¶GH NDGÕQODU  \ÕOÕQGD ELU oRN ONHGHQ |QFH R\ KDNNÕQD NDYXúWXODU øON VHoLPOHUGH SDUODPHQWR\D  WHPVLOFL VRNWXODU .DGÕQODUÕQ VHoPH YH VHoLOPH KDNNÕQÕ HOGH HGLúOHULG|QHPLWLEDUL\OHELUGHYULPGL)DNDWNDGÕQKDUHNHWLoHUoHYHVLQGHQEDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDNDUDU DOPD VUHoOHULQGH YDU ROPDODUÕ oRN |QHPOL ROPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ NLúL VD\ÕVÕ\OD YDUROPDODUÕ \HWHUVL]GLU6L\DVHWWHNDGÕQÕQ³YDUOÕ÷Õ´GHPRNUDWLNOHúPHQLQROPD]VDROPD]ELULONHVLGLU %XJQ SDUODPHQWRGD NDGÕQ WHPVLOFL RUDQÕ   LOH GQ\D RUWDODPDVÕQÕQ DOWÕQGDGÕU  VHoLPOHULQGH  NDGÕQ PLOOHWYHNLOL PHFOLVH JLUHELOPLúWLU ¶GD \HUHO ¶WH JHQHO VHoLPOHUGH ELUoRN EDWÕ ONHVLQGHQ YH EWQ 0VOPDQ ONHOHULQGHQ |QFH EX KDNNÕ HOGH HWPLúOHUGLU )UDQVD¶GD  øWDO\D¶GD  .DQDGD¶GD ¶GH EX KDNNÕQ WDQÕQGÕ÷Õ.

(42) 9 KDWÕUODQÕUVD 7UNL\H¶QLQ |QHPOL DGÕPODU DWWÕ÷Õ GDKD L\L DQODúÕOÕU %XQD UD÷PHQ NDGÕQODUÕQ SDUODPHQWRWHPVLOLDQODPÕQGD\RODOPDGÕNODUÕJ|UOPHNWHGLU .HUHVWHFLR÷OX

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(44)  Türkiye’de siyasal WHPVLOL\HWFLQVL\HWoLOL÷LQD\UÕPFÕOÕ÷ÕQoRN\R÷XQROGX÷XELUDODQGÕU (÷LWLPOLYHPHVOHNVDKLELNDGÕQRUDQÕQGDJ|UOHQDUWÕúDUD÷PHQVL\DVDOWHPVLOL\HWRUDQÕQÕQKLo DUWPDPÕú ROPDVÕ GúQGUFGU 6L\DVDO WHPVLOL\HWWH NDGÕQ RUDQÕQÕQ GúN ROXúXQXQ WRSOXPVDO \DSÕGDQ ND\QDNODQDQ QHGHQOHU GÕúÕQGD SDUWLOHULQ |UJWOHQPH \DSÕVÕQGDQ GD ND\QDNODQGÕ÷ÕVRQXFXRUWD\DoÕNPDNWDGÕU6L\DVLSDUWLOHULQ|UJW\DSÕVÕQDEDNWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GDHULOELU \DSÕ\D VDKLS ROGXNODUÕQÕ J|U\RUX] 3DUWLOHULQ NDGÕQ NROODUÕ KLo ELU NDUDU DOPD VUHoOHULQGH HWNLOL ROPDPDNWDGÕUODU HUNHN HJHPHQ SDUWLOHULQ YLWULQOHUL úHNOLQGHGLU .DGÕQODUÕQ D] GD ROVD VL\DVDO KD\DWD NDWÕOÕPÕQÕ DUWWÕUDQ \LQH NDGÕQODUGÕU %X QRNWDGD oRN |QHPOL ELU LúOHYH VDKLS RODQ\ÕOÕQGDNXUXODQ.$'(5 .DGÕQ$GD\ODUÕ'HVWHNOHPHYH(÷LWPH'HUQH÷L

(45) VL\DVDO WHPVLOL\HW PFDGHOHVLQGH |QH oÕNPDNWDGÕU ³.DGÕQVÕ] GHPRNUDVL GHPRNUDVL GH÷LOGLU´ VDYÕQGDQ KDUHNHWOH ELU DUD\D JHOHQ VL\DVDO YH VRV\DO ELOLPFL KXNXNoX JD]HWHFL YH KDONOD LOLúNLOHUX]PDQÕYEELUJUXSNDGÕQ\ÕOÕQGD.$DER’i kurdu (Tekeli, 1999; 32). $%¶GH.DGÕQODUYH(UNHNOHULoLQ(úLW)ÕUVDWODU<ÕOOÕN5DSRUX¶QGD 

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(47)   akt. Berktay, 2004; 31). Murray Goot ve Elizabeth 5HLG¶LQ VL\DVHW ELOLPLQGHNL DQD DNÕPGD \HUOHúLNWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWN|UO÷YHDWDHUNLO|Q\DUJÕNDUÕúÕPÕQDLOLúNLQNODVLNWDQÕWODPDODUÕ ELU GL]L HOHúWLULQLQ |UQHNOHULQGHQ ELULGLU %X HOHúWLULOHU WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW LOLúNLOHULQLQ WHPHO NXUXPODUGD \XNDUÕGD GH÷LQGL÷LPL] JLEL

(48)  PHYFXW ROGX÷XQX NDQÕWODQPDNOD NDOPD\ÕS D\QÕ ]DPDQGD EX NXUXPODU LoLQ VLVWHPDWLN ELU |QHPH VDKLS ROGXNODUÕQÕ GD J|VWHUHUHN VHoLP VRV\RORMLVLQGHQUHIDKGHYOHWLGROD\ÕVÕ\ODVÕQÕIDQDOL]LQHNDGDUX]DQÕUODU«7RSOXPVDOFLQVL\HW LOLúNLOHUL KHU WU NXUXPGD EXOXQXU %HOLUOL ELU |UQHNWH HQ |QHPOL \DSÕ ROPD\DELOLUOHU DPD |QHPOL |UQHNOHUGH NHVLQOLNOH WHPHO \DSÕODUGÕU %HOLUOL ELU NXUXPGDNL WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW LOLúNLOHULQLQ HWNLOHúLP GXUXPX R NXUXPXQ ³WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW UHMLPLGLU´ Connell, 1998; 166)..

(49) 10. .$',1$<g1(/ø.ùø''(7ø11('(1/(5ø .DGÕQODU KHP DLOH LoLQGH KHP GH WRSOXP LoHULVLQGH úLGGHWH PDUX] NDOPDNWDGÕUODU 0DUX] NDOÕQDQ EX úLGGHWLQ QHGHQOHULQL DQODPD\D oDOÕúWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD NDUúÕPÕ]D WHN ELU QHGHQ oÕNPDPDNWDGÕU %X oDOÕúPDGD EX E|OPGH úLGGHW EHú QHGHQOH DoÕNODQPÕúWÕU %XQODU GLQVHO etkenler, yasal sistemin etkisi, ekonomik sistemin etkisi, medya ve psikolojik etkenlerdir.. 2. 1. Dinsel Etkenler 7RSOXPVDO HúLWVL]OLNOHU LOH GLQLQ NDUúÕOÕNOÕ LOLúNLOHUL HVNLGHQ EHUL |QHPOL WDUWÕúPD NRQXODUÕQGDQ ELULGLU %XUDGD NDGÕQÕQ \DúDGÕ÷Õ úLGGHWLQ WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW HúLWVL]OL÷LQLQ toplum QH]GLQGHGLQLOHPHúUXODúWÕUPDLOLúNLVLHOHDOÕQDFDNWÕU 'LQ GDYUDQÕú YH GúQFHOHULPL]H NXWVDOOÕN ND]DQGÕUPDN ELUH\LQ Lo GQ\DVÕQGD ROXS ELWHQOHUL IHUGLQ LQDQo YH ELOLQoOHULQL ELOJL YH WH]OHULQL WRSOXPVDO NXUXPODUÕ VL\DVDO YH WRSOXPVDOG]HQLRQODUDQLKDvRODUDNJHoHUOLRQWRORMLNVWDWOHUEDKúHWPHNOH\DQLRQODUÕNXWVDO YH NR]PLN UHIHUDQVODU oHUoHYHVLQH \HUOHúWLUPHN VXUHWL\OH PHúU€ODúWÕUÕU %DúND ELU LIDGH\OH EHúHUvDoÕGDQWDQÕPODQDQUHDOLWH\LQLKDvHYUHQVHOYHNXWVDOELUUHDOLWH\HED÷OD\DUDNVEMHNWLI YH REMHNWLI G]OHPOHUGH KDNOÕODúWÕUÕU 'LQ VRV\DO G]HQL OHJDO PRUDO YH JHOHQHN QRUPODUÕ YDVÕWDVÕ\ODPHúU€ODúWÕUÕU%XQHGHQOHGLQvPHúU€ODúWÕUÕPWRSOXPODUÕQG]HQOHULLoLQoRN|QHPOL J|UOPúWU 'LQ PDUMLQDO GXUXPODUÕ GDKL KHU úH\L NXúDWDQ NXWVDO YH DúNÕQ UHDOLWH\H X\JXQ RODUDN PHúU€ODúWÕUPDN VXUHWL\OH WRSOXPVDO RODUDN WDQÕPODQDQ JHUoHNOL÷L PXKDID]D HGHU 2NXPXú

(50)  'LQH VRV\RORMLN \DNODúÕPODU HQ oRN o NODVLN GúQUQ Marx, Durkheim ve :HEHU¶LQ GúQFHOHULQGHQ HWNLOHQPLúWLU ho GH GLQLQ HQ WHPHO DQODPGD ELU \DQÕOVDPD ROGX÷XQXNDEXOHWPLúOHUGLU'LQLQ\DUDWWÕ÷Õ|WHNLGQ\DQÕQGLQVLPJHOHULOHQVOHULDUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD oDUSÕWÕOPÕúEL]LPGQ\DPÕ]ROGX÷XQDLQDQPÕúODUGÕU Giddens, 2002; 564). -. 0DU[¶D J|UH GLQ JoO ELU LGHRORMLN |÷H LoHULU 'LQ WRSOXPGD J|UOHQ Jo YH ]HQJLQOLNHúLWVL]OL÷LLoLQWHPHOOHQGLUPHVD÷ODU. -. 'XUNKHLP¶DJ|UHGLQ|]HOOLNOHLQVDQODUÕQG]HQOLRODUDNRUWDNLQDQoYHGH÷HUOHULQL EH\DQHWPHNLoLQWRSODQPDODUÕQÕWHPLQHWPHNWHNLKL]PHWLQLQED÷OD\ÕFÕLúOHYLQGHQ GROD\Õ|QHPOLGLU. -. :HEHU¶HJ|UHGLQWRSOXPVDOGH÷LúPHGH|]HOOLNOH%DWÕNDSLWDOL]PLQLQJHOLúPHVLQGH R\QDGÕ÷ÕUROGHQGROD\Õ|QHPOLGLU.

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