Taflan çekirdeğinde (Laurocerasus officinalis roem) fonksiyonel bileşik analizi ve antoksidan kapasitesinin araştırılması
Tam metin
(2) )21.6ø<21(/%ø/(ùø. $1$/ø=ø9($17ø2.6ø'$1.$3$6ø7(6ø1ø1 $5$ù7,5,/0$6, 1XVUHW*(1d <NVHN/LVDQV7H]L .LP\D$QDELOLP'DOÕ 'Ro'U0DKIX](/0$67$ù +HUKDNNÕVDNOÕGÕU.
(3) 7& *$=ø260$13$ù$h1ø9(56ø7(6ø )(1%ø/ø0/(5ø(167ø7h6h .ø0<$$1$%ø/ø0'$/, </ø6$167(=ø . . 7$)/$1d(.ø5'(öø1'( /DXURFHUDVXVRIILFLQDOLV5RHP
(4) )21.6ø<21(/%ø/(ùø.$1$/ø=ø9($17ø2.6ø'$1 .$3$6ø7(6ø1ø1$5$ù7,5,/0$6, 1XVUHW*(1d. 72.$7 +HUKDNNÕVDNOÕGÕU.
(5) Doç. Dr. Mahfuz ELMASTAŞ danışmanlığında, Nusret GENÇ tarafından hazırlanan bu çalışma 20/08/2009 tarihinde aşağıdaki jüri tarafından oy birliği ile Kimya Anabilim Dalı’nda Yüksek Lisans tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir.. Başkan : Prof. Dr. Adem ÖNAL. Đmza :…………. Üye : Doç. Dr. Mahfuz ELMASTAŞ. Đmza :…………. Üye : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Đskender PARMAKSIZ. Đmza :………….. Yukarıdaki sonucu onaylarım. Enstitü Müdürü Prof. Dr. Metin YILDIRIM.
(6) # 9#) 6"++)( "9?"( +6 #)+(( %" /#&( 9#)+.)(' %&+&.+ +6 6"++)( "9"+'","("- %*6+)()( .+&('( 9+()+.) '"""(' %&+&.+ (+ "9?"( +6 /)!/ %"+"("+'","("- /#&( &'&,& 9(&+&6 $ .("+)( %*6 %& 9'( +)('),)()- 6"++()+( $&+' (?& %& / &!/ 9 @ ) + ' ) ,) ( ) - /#&(. ( ?& % & 6). )()( %". 8(&$.&/ $9 %*6 %& 8(&$.&/'6& %*6 %& /# +)*.) +6 ."("+'),)()%9('& "./0 . . . . .
(7) L . g=(7 </LVDQV7H]L 7DIODQdHNLUGH÷LQGH /DXURFHUDVXVRIILFLQDOLV5RHP
(8) )RQNVL\RQHO%LOHúLN$QDOL]LYH $QWLRNVLGDQ.DSDVLWHVLQLQ$UDúWÕUÕOPDVÕ 1XVUHW*(1d *D]LRVPDQSDúDhQLYHUVLWHVL )HQ%LOLPOHUL(QVWLWV .LP\D$QDELOLP'DOÕ 'DQÕúPDQ'Ro'U0DKIX](/0$67$ù øNLQFL'DQÕúPDQ'Ro'UøEUDKLP'(0ø57$ù 0HPHOLOHUGHNDWDEROL]PDVRQXFXPH\GDQDJHOHQ]DUDUOÕDUDUQOHULEHUWDUDIHGHELOPHN LoLQ HQGRMHQ VDYXQPD VLVWHPOHUL YH\D HNVRMHQ ELOHúLNOHU LOH EXQX JHUoHNOHúWLULUOHU %X DPDoODNXOODQÕODQHNVRMHQELOHúLNOHUEL\RORMLNDNWLYLWH\HVDKLSIRQNVL\RQHOELOHúLNOHUGLU )RQNVL\RQHO ELOHúLNOHULQ GR÷DO UQOHUGHQ VDIODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ \DSÕODUÕQÕQ D\GÕQODWÕOPDVÕ YH EL\RORMLNDNWLYLWHOHULQLQEHOLUOHQPHVLVRQ\ÕOODUGDELOLPDGDPODUÕWDUDIÕQGDQoRNoDOÕúÕODQ NRQXODU DUDVÕQGDGÕU %X oDOÕúPDGD 7DIODQ PH\YHVLQLQ oHNLUGH÷LQGH EXOXQDQ IRQNVL\RQHO ELOHúLNOHULQ DQDOL]L YH EXQODUD DLW DQWLRNVLGDQ NDSDVLWHOHULQLQ LQFHOHQPHVL DPDoODQPÕúWÕU 7DIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQLQ PHWDQROGLNORUPHWDQ
(9) HNVWUHVLQGHQ NURPDWRJUDILNWHNQLNOHUNXOODQÕODUDNIRQNVL\RQHOED]ÕELOHúLNOHUVDIODúWÕUÕOPÕúYH\DSÕODUÕ VSHNWURVNRSLN PHWRWODUOD 105 ,5 89 YE
(10) \DSÕODUÕ D\GÕQODWÕOPÕúWÕU %X oDOÕúPDGD WDIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQGHQ VL\DQRMHQLN JOLNR]LWOHU DPLJGDOLQ YH SUXQDVLQ
(11) YH ȕVLWRVWHURO ELOHúLNOHUL VDIODúWÕUÕODUDN \DSÕODUÕ D\GÕQODWÕOPÕúWÕU %X ELOHúLNOHULQ WDIODQ ELWNLVLQGHQ VDIODúWÕUÕOPDVÕQD OLWHUDWUGH UDVWODQPDPÕúWÕU 6DIODúWÕUÕODQ EX ELOHúLNOHULQ IDUNOÕ PHWRWODUOD DQWLRNVLGDQ NDSDVLWHOHUL DUDúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU %X oDOÕúPDGD HOGH HGLOHQ DNWLYLWH VRQXoODUÕ SR]LWLI NRQWURO RODUDN NXOODQÕODQ VWDQGDUW DQWLRNVLGDQ ELOHúLNOHUOH NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU $PLJGDOLQ YH SUXQDVLQ ELOHúLNOHULQLQ '33+ VHUEHVW UDGLNDO JLGHUPH DNWLYLWHOHUL \RN LNHQ LQGLUJHPH JF DNWLYLWHOHUL %+$¶GDQ GDKD \NVHN ROGX÷X IDNDW %+7YHĮWRNRIHUROGHQGDKDGúNROGX÷XJ|UOPúWU%XELOHúLNOHULQGL÷HUEL\RORMLN DQWLNDQVHUDQWLPLNUREL\HOYE
(12) DNWLYLWHOHULQLQDUDúWÕUÕOPDVÕ\DSÕODELOLU VD\ID $QDKWDU .HOLPHOHU 7DIODQ /DXURFHUDVXV RIILFLQDOLV $QWLRNVLGDQ .DSDVLWHVL )RQNVL\RQHO %LOHúLNOHU VL\DQRMHQLN JOXNR]LWOHU DPLJGDOLQ SUXQDVLQ EHWDVLWRVWHURO +3/&105 . .
(13) LL . $%675$&7 06F7KHVLV $QDO\VLVRI)XQFWLRQDO&RPSRQHQWLQ6HHGRI&KHUU\/DXUHO /DXURFHUDVXVRIILFLQDOLV 5RHP
(14) DQG,QYHVWLJDWLRQRI$QWLR[LGDQW&DSDFLW\ 1XVUHW*(1d *D]LRVPDQSDúD8QLYHUVLW\ *UDGXDWH6FKRRORI1DWXUDODQG$SSOLHG6FLHQFHV 'HSDUWPHQWRI&KHPLVWU\ 6XSHUYLVRU$VVRF3URI0DKIX](/0$67$ù &R6XSHUYLVRU$VVRF3URIøEUDKLP'(0ø57$ù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
(15) PHWKRGV$P\JGDOLQHSUXQDVLQDQGȕVLWRVWHUROFRPSRXQGVZHUHLVRODWHG7KHVH FRPSRXQGVILUVWO\ZHUH LVRODWHGIURPFKHUU\ODXUHOVHHG7KHDQWLR[LGDQWFDSDFLWLHVRI WKHVH FRPSRXQGV KDYH EHHQ LQYHVWLJDWHG ZLWK VRPH GLIIHUHQW DQWLR[LGDQW PHWKRGV $QWLR[LGDQW UHVXOWV KDYH EHHQ FRPSDUHG ZLWK VWDQGDUW DQWLR[LGDQW FRPSRXQGV DV SRVLWLYHFRQWURO7KHUHDUHQRWVFDYHQJLQJRI'33+IUHHUDGLFDODFWLYLWLHVRIDP\JGDOLQH DQG SUXQDVLQ ,Q WKLV VWXG\ LW KDV EHHQ VKRZQ WKDW UHGXFWLRQ SRZHU DFWLYLWLHV RI WKHVH FRPSRXQGV ZHUH KLJKHU IURP %+$ DQG ORZHU IURP %+7 DQG ĮWRFRSKHURO ,Q WKH SHUVSHFWLYHRIWKLVVWXG\RWKHUELRORJLFDODFWLYLWLHV DQWLWXPRUDQWLPLFURELDOHWF
(16) ZLOO EHVWXGLHGRIWKHVHFRPSRXQGV SDJHV .H\ZRUGV &KHUU\ /DXUHO /DXURFHUDVXV RIILFLQDOLV $QWLR[LGDQW &DSDFLW\ )XQFWLRQDO &RPSRQHQWV F\DQRJHQLF JOXFRVLGHV DP\JGDOLQ SUXQDVLQ %HWDVLWRVWHURO +3/& 105 .
(17) LLL 7(ù(..h5 7H] oDOÕúPDP ER\XQFD ELOJL ILNLU YH OLWHUDWU WHPLQL NRQXVXQGD KHU WUO GHVWH÷LQL J|UG÷P KHU ]DPDQ EHQLP LoLQ ELU \RO J|VWHULFL RODQ YH WH] \D]ÕPÕQGD \DUGÕPODUÕQÕ HVLUJHPH\HQGH÷HUOLKRFDP'Ro'U0DKIX](/0$67$ùYHLNLQFLGDQÕúPDQÕP'Ro 'UøEUDKLP'(0ø57$ù¶D +3/&oDOÕúPDODUÕVÕUDVÕQGDGHQH\LPOHULQLSD\ODúDQ'Ro'UgPHU,ù,/'$.¶D gQFHOLNOH PRUDO GHVWH÷LQGHQ GROD\Õ YH WH]LPLQ \D]ÕP DúDPDVÕQGD YH ODERUDWXDU oDOÕúPDODUÕ VÕUDVÕQGD KHU WUO ELOJL ELULNLPLQL EHQLPOH SD\ODúDQ VHYJLOL DUNDGDúÕP +VH\LQ$.ùø7¶H /DERUDWXDU oDOÕúPDODUÕP HVQDVÕQGD J]HO ELU RUWDP ROXúWXUDQ DUNDGDúODUÕP $OL 5,=$ 7h)(.dø)DWLK*h/'X\JX0,6,5/,1XUGDQg=7h5.YH(OLId(/ø.$56/$1¶D %|OPP]Q KHU WUO LPNkQÕQGDQ ID\GDODQPDPÕ VD÷OD\DQ *D]LRVPDQSDúD hQLYHUVLWHVL )HQ (GHEL\DW )DNOWHVL .LP\D %|OP \|QHWLFLOHULQH YH PDQHYL GHVWHNOHULQLHVLUJHPH\HQEWQ|÷UHWLPHOHPDQODUÕQD %X oDOÕúPDPÕ SURMH QR LOH GHVWHNOH\HQ *D]LRVPDQSDúD hQLYHUVLWHVL %LOLPVHO $UDúWÕUPD3URMHOHUL.RPLV\RQXQD +D\DWÕPER\XQFDPDGGLYHPDQHYLGHVWHNOHULQLHVLUJHPH\HQDLOHPH 7HúHNNUERUoELOLULP 1XVUHW*(1d . .
(18) LY ødø1'(.ø/(5 ødø1'(.ø/(5. . . . . . . . . 6D\ID. g=(7L $%675$&7LL 7(ù(..h5LLL ødø1'(.ø/(5LY ù(.ø//(5'ø=ø1øYL dø=(/*(/(5'ø=ø1øYLL 6ø0*(9(.,6$/70$/$5YLLL *ø5øùL *(1(/%ø/*ø/(5 7DIODQ .
(19) 3UXQXVODXURFHUDVXV
(20) /LWHUDWUg]HWL 6HNRQGHU0HWDEROLWOHULQ$\ÕUPDYH6DIODúWÕUÕOPDVÕQGD.XOODQÕODQ .RORQ.URPDWRJUDIL ..
(21) øQFH7DEDND.URPDWRJUDILVL ø7.
(22) <NVHN%DVÕQoOÕ6ÕYÕ.URPDWRJUDIL +3/&
(23) *D].URPDWRJUDILVL *&
(24) 6HNRQGHU0HWDEROLWOHULQ$\GÕQODWÕOPDVÕQGD.XOODQÕODQ6SHNWURVNRSLN<|QWHPOHU 105 1NOHHU0DQ\HWLN5H]RQDQV
(25) +&&$37YH&'(37 øNL%R\XWOX1057HNQLNOHUL &26<+(7&25+0%&+64&72&6< %LWNL6HNRQGHU0HWDEROLWOHUL )LWRVWHUROOHU 6L\DQRMHQLN*OLNR]LWOHU 0$7(5<$/YH<g17(0 %LWNLVHO0DWHU\DO .XOODQÕODQ.LP\DVDO0DGGHOHU &LKD]ODU $QWLRNVLGDQ$NWLYLWH7HVWOHUL 6HUEHVW5DGLNDO*LGHUPH$NWLYLWHVL øQGLUJHPH*F$NWLYLWHVL 2\DL]X0HWRGX
(26) 7RSODP)HQROLN%LOHúLN 6L\DQRMHQLN*OLNR]LWOHU 3UXQDVLQYH$PLJGDOLQ
(27) +3/&LOH.DQWLWDWLI7D\LQL ȕ6LWRVWHUROQ*&06$QDOL]L 7DIODQdHNLUGH÷L6DELW\D÷DVLWOHULQLQ*&06$QDOL]L %8/*8/$5YH7$57,ù0$ $\ÕUPDVDIODúWÕUPD$úDPDVÕ 6L\DQRMHQLN*OLNR]LWOHULQø]RODV\RQXYH<DSÕWD\LQL 3UXQDVLQLQø]RODV\RQXYH<DSÕ7D\LQL $PLJGDOLQLQø]RODV\RQXYH<DSÕWD\LQL ȕ6LWRVWHURO¶Qø]RODV\RQXYH<DSÕWD\LQL .DUERQKLGUDWODUÕQø]RODV\RQXYH<DSÕWD\LQL 6XNUR] 0HWLO'JOXNRSLUDQR] $QWLRNVLGDQ$NWLYH7HVWOHULQLQVRQXoODUÕ .
(28) Y 6HUEHVW5DGLNDO*LGHUPH$NWLYLWHVL øQGLUJHPH*F$NWLYLWHVL 7RSODP)HQROLN$QDOL]L 7DIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQLQ GH÷LúLN o|]F VLVWHPOHULQGHNL DPLJGDOLQ YH SUXQDVLQ PLNWDUODUÕ 7DIODQdHNLUGH÷LQLQ<D÷DVLGL%LOHúHQOHUL 6218d .$1$./$5 g=*(d0øù (./(5 (.3UXQDVLQLQ+(7&256SHNWUXPX (.$PLJGDOLQ+(7&256SHNWUXPX (.$PLJGDOLQ+0%&VSHNWUXPX (.$PLJGDOLQ72&6<VSHNWUXPX (.ȕ6LWRVWHURO+(7&25VSHNWUXPX (.ȕ6LWRVWHURO72&6<VSHNWUXPX . .
(29) YL ù(.ø//(5'ø=ø1ø ùHNLO6D\ID ùHNLO7DIODQ¶ÕQ /DXURFHUDVXVRIILFLQDOLV
(30) PH\YHVL ùHNLO7DIODQ¶ÕQ .
(31) oHNLUGH÷L ùHNLO%D]ÕGR÷DOVWHURLGWUHYOHUL D
(32) ȕVLWRVWHURO E
(33) .ROHVWHURO F
(34) (UJRVWHURO G
(35) NDPSHVWHURO ùHNLO$QDVWHURLGLVNHOHWLYHVWHURLGOHULQQXPDUDODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ ùHNLO6L\DQRMHQLNJOLNR]LWOHUGHQ+&1ROXúXPX ùHNLO %D]Õ ELWNL N|NHQOL VL\DQRMHQLN JOLNR]LWOHU D
(36) OLQHPDULQ E
(37) ODWRXVWUDOLQ F
(38) 1HROLQXVWDWLQ G
(39) GKXUULQ H
(40) VDPEXQLJULQ ùHNLO3UXQDVLQYHDPLJGDOLQNDUÕúÕPÕQÕQ+3/&NURPDWRJUDPÕ ùHNLO$PLJGDOLQ 5
(41) YHSUXQDVLQ 5
(42) NDOLEUDV\RQH÷ULOHUL ùHNLONRORQNURPDWRJUDILGHNXOODQÕODQFDPNRORQ ùHNLO3UXQDVLQ+3/&NURPDWRJUDPÕ ùHNLO3UXQDVLQ+105VSHNWUXPX ùHNLO3UXQDVLQ&'(37YH$37VSHNWUXPODUÕ ùHNLO$PLJGDOLQ+3/&NURPDWRJUDPÕ ùHNLO$PLJGDOLQ+105VSHNWUXPX ùHNLO$PLJGDOLQ$37YH'(37VSHNWUXPODUÕ ùHNLO$PLJGDOLQ'2GH÷LúLPVSHNWUXPX ùHNLOȕ6LWRVWHURO*&06NURPDWRJUDPÕ ùHNLOȕ6LWRVWHURO+105VSHNWUXPX ùHNLOȕ6LWRVWHURO&'(37YH$376SHNWUXPODUÕ ùHNLOȕ6LWRVWHURO066SHNWUXPX ùHNLO6XNUR]DLW0+]&105VSHNWUXPX ùHNLO2PHWLOJOLNRSLUDQR]+105VSHNWUXPX ùHNLO2PHWLOJOXNRSLUDQR]&$37YH'(376SHNWUXPODUÕ ùHNLO 7DIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQLQ KDP HNVWUHVL $PLJGDOLQ YH SUXQDVLQLQ '33+ UDGLNDO JLGHUPHDNWLYLWHVL ùHNLO7DIODQoHNLUGH÷LQLQKDPHNVWUHVLDPLJGDOLQYHSUXQDVLQLQLQGLUJHPHJF ùHNLO7RWDOIHQROLNELOHúLNLoLQNXOODQÕODQNDOLEUDV\RQJUDIL÷L ùHNLO 7DIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQLQ GH÷LúLN o|]FOHUOH HOGH HGLOHQ HNVWUDNWODUÕQÕQ +3/& NURPDWRJUDPODUÕ ùHNLO7DIODQoHNLUGH÷L\D÷DVLWOHULELOHúHQOHUL*&06NURPDWRJUDPÕ . .
(43) YLL dø=(/*(/(5'ø=ø1ø 7DEOR %LWNLOHUGH \D\JÕQ RODUDN EXOXQDQ )LWRVWHUROOHULQ \D\JÕQ YH VLVWHPDWLN LVLPOHUL 7DEOR+3/&SRPSDSURJUDPÕ 7DEOR.RORQNURPDWRJUDILGHNXOODQÕODQo|]FVLVWHPOHULIUDNVL\RQDUDOÕNODUÕ 7DEOR3UXQDVLQNDUERQYHSURWRQNLP\DVDOND\PDGH÷HUOHUL 7DEOR$PLJGDOLQNDUERQYHSURWRQNLP\DVDOND\PDGH÷HUOHUL 7DEOR6LWRVWHURONDUERQYHSURWRQNLP\DVDOND\PDGH÷HUOHUL 7DEOR6XNUR]NDUERQNLP\DVDOND\PDGH÷HUOHUL 7DEOR2PHWLOJOXNRSLUDQR]NDUERQYHSURWRQNLP\DVDOND\PDGH÷HUOHUL 7DEOR7DIODQoHNLUGH÷LQLQVL\DQRMHQLNJOLNR]LW DPLJGDOLQSUXQDVLQ
(44) LoHULNOHUL 7DEOR7DIODQoHNLUGH÷LQLQVDELW\D÷DVLWOHULLoHUL÷L . .
(45) YLLL 6ø0*(9(.,6$/70$/$5 6LPJH. $oÕNODPD. G. . $37 . $WWDFKHG3URWRQ7HVW. . %+$ . %WLOOHQPLú+LGURNVL$QLVRO. . %+7 . %WLOOHQPLú+LGURNVL7ROXHQ. G. . 'XEOHW. GG. . 'XEOHWLQGXEOHWL. '(37 '062 . .LP\DVDO.D\PD. 'LVWRUWLRQOHVV(QKDQFHPHQWE\3RODUL]DWLRQ7UDQVIHU 'LPHWLOVOIRNVLW. *&06. *D].URPDWRJUDILVL.WOH6SHNWURPHWUHVL. . +3/& . +LJK3HUIRUPHQFH/LTXLG&KURPDWRJUDSK\. ø7.. . øQFH7DEDND.URPDWRJUDIL. . (WNLOHúPH6DELWL. . . -. . . .2+ . 3RWDV\XP+LGURNVLW. P. . 0XOWLSOHW. 1. . 1RUPDO. . 06. . .WOH6SHNWURPHWUHVL. . 105 . 1NOHHU0DQ\HWLN5H]RQDQV. SSP . 0LO\RQGDELUNÕVÕP. V. . 6LQJOHW. W. . 7ULSOHW. . . . 7&$ . 7ULNORURDVHWLNDVLW. . . 899,6. 8OWUDYL\ROH*|UQU%|OJH. . . +0%&. +HWHURQXFOHDU0XOWLSOH%RQG&RUUDODWLRQ. . . +04&. +HWHURQXFOHDU0XOWLSOH4XDQWXP&RUUDODWLRQ. . . +(7&25. +HWHURQXFOHDU&RUUDODWLRQ. . . +64&. +HWHURQXFOHDU6LQJOH4XDQWXP&RUUDODWLRQ. . .
(46) *ø5øù øQVDQYFXGXQGDNDWDEROL]PDVÕUDVÕQGDKDUFDQDQRNVLMHQUHDNWLYLWHVLoRN\NVHNUHDNWLI RNVLMHQ DUD UQOHUL 526
(47) RODUDN ELOLQHQ ]DUDUOÕ ED]Õ UDGLNDOOHUH G|QúU %X UDGLNDOOHULQ ROXúXPX VWUHV GXUXPODUÕQGD DUWÕú J|VWHULU YH YFXWWD ELUoRN KDVWDOÕ÷D WHWLNOH\LFL URO R\QDU %X UDGLNDOOHUL NDUDUVÕ] YH FDQOÕ VLVWHPOHUGH GL÷HU PDGGH YH JUXSODUOD NROD\ ELU úHNLOGH UHDNVL\RQD JLUHUOHU 2OXúDQ \HQL UQOHU KFUH KDUDEL\HWL KFUH |OP \DúODQPD YH ELUoRN KDVWDOÕ÷D QHGHQ RODELOHQ ]DUDUOÕ UQOHUGLU 6HUEHVW UDGLNDOOHU \DúODQPD\Õ NROD\ODúWÕUGÕ÷Õ JLEL $O]HLPLHU¶V KDVWDOÕ÷Õ 3DUNLQVRQ +DVWDOÕ÷Õ URPDWL]PDO KDVWDOÕNODU NDOS UDKDWVÕ]OÕ÷Õ GDPDU VHUWOL÷L YH NDQVHU JLEL KDVWDOÕNODUD |QFONHGHU5HDNWLIRNVLMHQDUDUQOHULOLSLWSHURNVLGDV\RQXSURWHLQRNVLGDV\RQXYH GHMHQHUDV\RQX '1$ KDVDUÕ JLEL FLGGL KDUDEL\HWOHUH GH \RO DoDELOLU 'DZQ $OODQ YH &ROOHHQ$NNXú7LHW]%XUWLVYH$VKZRRG
(48) &DQOÕYFXWODUNDWDEROL]PDVRQXFXROXúDQEXNDUDUVÕ]UDGLNDOOHULHNVLVL]KDOHJHWLUPHN LoLQ oHúLWOL VLVWHPOHUH VDKLSWLUOHU 9FXWWDNL ]DUDUVÕ]ODúWÕUPD VLVWHPOHULQGHQ ELULVL $QWLRNVLGDQ VLVWHPL RODUDN WDULI HGLOHQ DQWLRNVLGDQ PDGGH YH $QWLRNVLGDQ HQ]LP VLVWHPLGLU%XVLVWHPNDWDEROL]PDVRQXFXPH\GDQDJHOHQUHDNWLIRNVLMHQDUDUQOHULLOH UHDNVL\RQDJLUHUHN]DUDUOÕRODQHWNLOHULQLRUWDGDQNDOGÕUÕU %DKVHGLOHQ UHDNWLI RNVLMHQ DUD UQOHULQLQ HQ |QHPOLOHULQGHQ LONL PROHNOHU RNVLMHQLQ ELUHOHNWURQDODUDNLQGLUJHQPHVLYH\DLQGLUJHQPLúJHoLúPHWDOOHULQLQRWRRNVLGDV\RQXLOH ROXúDQYHKLGURMHQSHURNVLWND\QD÷ÕRODQVSHURNVLWUDGLNDOLGLU 2
(49) øNLQFLVLLVHVSHU RNVLW UDGLNDOLQLQ ELU HOHNWURQ DOPDVÕ \kGD PROHNOHU RNVLMHQLQ RUWDPGDQ LNL HOHNWURQ DODUDN ROXúDQ NDUDUVÕ] UQQ LNL SURWRQOD HWNLOHúPHVL VRQXFXQGDQ ROXúDQ YH NHQGLVL VHUEHVWUDGLNDOROPDGÕ÷ÕKDOGHEXNDWHJRULGHGH÷HUOHQGLULOHQKLGURMHQSHURNVLWWLU +2
(50) 6RQ RODUDN )HQWRQ UHDNVL\RQX VRQXFX KLGURMHQ SHURNVLWWHQ ROXúDQ VRQ GHUHFH UHDNWLI RNVLMHQDUDUQOHULLoLQGHHQUHDNWLIWURODQKLGURNVLOUDGLNDOLGLU 2+x
(51) 5HDNWLI RNVLMHQ WUOHUL oHúLWOL VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHULQ ROXúWX÷X VHUEHVW UDGLNDO ]LQFLU UHDNVL\RQODUÕQÕ EDúODWDELOLUOHU YH KFUHGH NDUERQ PHUNH]OL RUJDQLN UDGLNDOOHU 5x
(52) SHURNVLW UDGLNDOOHUL 522x
(53) DONRNVL UDGLNDOOHUL 52x
(54) WL\LO UDGLNDOOHUL 56x
(55) VOIRQLO. .
(56) UDGLNDOOHUL 562x
(57) WL\LO SHURNVLW UDGLNDOOHUL 562x
(58) JLEL oHúLWOL VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHULQ ROXúXPXQDQHGHQROXUODU 6HUEHVW UDGLNDOOHU \DúD\DQ KFUHOHULQ OLSLW SURWHLQ '1$ NDUERQKLGUDW YH HQ]LP JLEL WP |QHPOL ELOHúHQOHULQH ROXPVX] RODUDN HWNL HGHU 6SHURNVLW YH KLGURNVL UDGLNDOOHUL KFUH LoLQGH OLSLW SHURNVLGDV\RQXQD QHGHQ ROXU %XQXQ VRQXFX KFUH RUJDQDOOHULQLQ PHPEUDQ JHoLUJHQOL÷L DUWDUNHQ VHoLFLOLN NDELOL\HWL GúHU 6HUEHVW UDGLNDOOHULQ HWNLVL\OH SURWHLQOHUGHNL DPLQRDVLWOHU RNVLGH RODUDN \ÕNÕOÕU KFUH '1$¶VÕ GD EX RUWDPGD ]DUDU J|UU6HUEHVWUDGLNDOOHULQKFUHLoLQGHQHGHQROGXNODUÕEXKDUDEL\HWLQELUoRNKDVWDOÕ÷ÕQ EDúDOWÕFÕVÕ\DGDKÕ]ODQGÕUÕFÕVÕROGX÷XGúQOPHNWHGLU 9FXWLoLQ|QHPOLEL\RPROHNOOHURODQOLSLWOHUYHKFUH]DUÕQGDJHoLUJHQOLNWHQVRUXPOX NROHVWHURO VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHUH NDUúÕ ROGXNoD KDVVDVWÕU %L\R PROHNOOHU LoHUGLNOHUL GR\PDPÕú ED÷ODU VD\HVLQGH RUWDPGDNL UDGLNDOOHUOH oRN NROD\ UHDNVL\RQ YHUPH H÷LOLPLQGHGLUOHU dRNOX GR\PDPÕú \D÷ DVLWOHULQLQ VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHU LOH RNVLGDV\RQX EDúODQJÕoWDQLWLEDUHQNHQGLNHQGLQLGHYDPHWWLUHQUHDNVL\RQ]LQFLULúHNOLQGHGHYDPHGHU YHOLSLWOHULQWDPDPHQ\ÕNÕPÕQDQHGHQROXUdRNOXGR\PDPÕú\D÷DVLWOHULQLQNRQMJHoLIW ED÷ODUÕQGDQ ELU HOHNWURQXQ VHUEHVW UDGLNDO WDUDIÕQGDQ NRSDUÕOPDVÕ LOH \D÷ DVLGL ELU OLSLW UDGLNDOLQHG|QúU%XROD\HQ]LPDWLNROPD\DQOLSLWSHURNVLGDV\RQXRODUDNDGODQGÕUÕOÕU /LSLWOHULQEXUDGLNDOLNSHURNVLGDV\RQXEHVLQPDGGHOHULQLQVDNODQPDVÕGHSRODQPDVÕYH WDúÕQPDVÕ VÕUDVÕQGD GD PH\GDQD JHOHQ YH UQ NDOLWHVLQL VDNODPD VUHVLQL GúUHQ ELU ROJXGXU *ÕGD VDQD\LVLQGH EX LVWHQPH\HQ ROJX\X RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUPDN UQ NDOLWHVL LoLQ |QHPOLGLU %X UDGLNDOLN RNVLMHQ DUD UQOHUL EHVLQOHUGHNL OLSLW YH YLWDPLQOHULQ \DSÕVÕQÕ ER]DUDN N|W NRNX \D\DQ YH JHQHOGH WRNVLN |]HOOLN WDúÕ\DQ PDGGHOHUH G|QúWUUOHU *ÕGD VDQD\LQGH EX RNVLGDV\RQX |QOHPHN LoLQ JHQHOGH VHQWHWLN RODQ IHQROLN ELOHúLNOHU NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU*ÕGDVDQD\LQGHEXDPDoODNXOODQÕODQVHQWHWLNUQOHULQoR÷XWRNVLN\D GDNDQVHURMHQHWNL\HVDKLSWLU $VKZRRG
(59) 6HUEHVW UDGLNDOOHU SURWHLQOHU ]HULQGH GH ROGXNoD ROXPVX] HWNLOHUH VDKLSWLUOHU 'R\PDPÕú ED÷ YH NNUW LoHUHQ WULSWRIDQ WLUR]LQ IHQLODODQLQ KLVWLGLQ PHWL\RQLQ VLVWHLQ JLEL DPLQRDVLWOHUH VDKLS SURWHLQOHU VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHUGHQ NROD\OÕNOD HWNLOHQLUOHU %X HWNL VRQXFXQGD |]HOOLNOH VOIU UDGLNDOOHUL YH NDUERQ PHUNH]OL RUJDQLN UDGLNDOOHU. .
(60) ROXúXU3URWHLQVHUEHVWUDGLNDOHWNLOHúPHVLQLQVRQXFXQGDSURWHLQOHULQoER\XWOX\DSÕODUÕ ER]XOXUYHQRUPDO\DúDPVDOLúOHYOHULQL\HULQHJHWLUHPH]OHU øQVDQ YH KD\YDQ PHWDEROL]PDVÕQGD UHDNWLI RNVLMHQ WUOHUL YH WUOHUGHQ ND\QDNODQDQ GL÷HU VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHULQ EX =DUDOÕ HWNLOHULQL RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUPDN \DGD HWNLVLQL HQ D]D LQGLUJHPHNWHQ VRUXPOX ED]Õ HQ]LPDWLN \DGD HQ]LP ROPD\DQ VDYXQPD VLVWHPOHUL PHYFXWWXU %X VLVWHPOHU DQWLRNVLGDQ VDYXQPD PHNDQL]PDVÕ RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕOÕU %X VLVWHPOHU KFUHVHO RUWDPGD EXOXQDQ VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHUL NHQGLOHULQH ED÷OD\DUDN \D WDPDPHQHWNLVL]KDOHJHWLUHELOLUOHU\DGD]DUDUOÕHWNL\LHQD]DLQGLUJHUOHU%XWUNRUXPD PHNDQL]PDVÕ ³WRSOD\ÕFÕ HWNL´ RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕOÕU 6HUEHVW RNVLMHQ WUOHULQH KLGURMHQ VD÷OD\DUDNRQODUÕQHWNLOHULQLGúUPHROD\ÕGD³EDVWÕUÕFÕHWNL´RODUDNELOLQLU9LWDPLQYH ED]Õ GR÷DO ND\QDNOÕ IHQROLNOHULQ EX WU HWNL\H VDKLS ROGXNODUÕ ELOLQPHNWHGLU +HPRJORELQ VHUXORSOD]PLQ YH PLQHUDOOHU JLEL ED]Õ PDGGHOHU VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHUL WDPDPHQNHQGLOHULQHED÷OD\DUDNYHROXúXP]LQFLUOHULQLNÕUDUDNHWNLVL]KDOHJHWLULUOHUEX HWNL³]LQFLUNÕUÕFÕ´RODUDNWDQÕPODQÕU 9FXGXQ DQWLRNVLGDQ ND\QDNODUÕ HQGRMHQ YH HNVRMHQ RODUDN LNL VÕQÕIWD WRSODQDELOLU (QGRMHQVLVWHPOHUHQ]LPYHHQ]LPRODPD\DQODURODUDNLNLJUXSWDLQFHOHQLU(Q]LPRODQ HQGRMHQ VÕQÕIÕQGD \HU DODQ ED]Õ DQWLRNVLGDQ VDYXQPD VLVWHPOHUL 6SHURNVLW GLVPXWD] 62'
(61) *OXWDW\RQ SHURNVLGD] *6+3[
(62) *OXWDW\RQ 67UDQVIHUD]ODU *67
(63) .DWDOD] &$7
(64) 0LWRNRQGUL\DOVLWRNURPRNVLGD]VLVWHPLYH+LGURSHURNVLGD]RODUDNVÕUDODQDELOLU (Q]LP ROPD\DQ HQGRMHQ VDYXQPD VLVWHPOHUL LVH PHODWRQLQ VHUXORSOD]PLQ WUDQVIHUULQ PL\RJORELQ KHPRJORELQ IHUULWLQ ELOLUXELQ JOXWDW\RQ VLVWHLQ PHWL\RQLQ UDW ODNWRIHUULQYHDOEPLQJLELPDGGHOHUGLU (NVRMHQ DQWLRNVLGDQ VDYXQPD VLVWHPOHUL LVH GL\HWOH DOÕQDQ YLWDPLQOHU DWRNRIHURO E NDURWHQ $VNRUELN DVLW YH IROLN DVLW
(65) IHQROLN RUJDQLN DVLWOHU IODYRQRLWOHU NDWHúLQOHU OLJQLQOHU
(66) YH IHQROLN ROPD\DQ UH]YHUDWURO YE
(67) oHúLWOL GR÷DO ND\QDNOÕ ELOHúLNOHU YH LODoODUGÕU +FUH LoLQGH QRUPDO PHWDEROLN IDDOL\HWOHU VÕUDVÕQGD ELU G|QJ RODUDN ]DUDUOÕ VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHU ROXúPDNWD YH \XNDUÕGD DQODWÕODQ YFXW DQWLRNVLGDQ VDYXQPD VLVWHPL LOH GHDNWLYH HGLOPHNWHGLU $QFDN ED]Õ GXUXPODUGD \D VHUEHVW UDGLNDOOHU DQWLRNVLGDQ. .
(68) VLVWHPOHUWDUDIÕQGDQEHUWDUDIHGLOHPH\HFHNNDGDUID]ODROXúXU\DGDEXHQ]LPDWLN\DGD HQ]LPDWLN ROPD\DQ DQWLRNVLGDQ VLVWHP ]DUDUOÕ UDGLNDOOHUL \RN HGHFHN NDGDU ID]OD EXOXQPD] %X ROD\ RNVLGDWLI VWUHV RODUDN WDQÕPODQÕU &DQOÕQÕQ oHúLWOL KDVWDOÕN VWUHV \RUJXQOXN\HWHUOLYHVD÷OÕNOÕX\X\DPDPDoHYUHVHONLUOLOLNUDG\DV\RQ89ÕúÕ÷ÕJLELGÕú HWPHQOHULQYDUOÕ÷ÕQGDYFXWDQWLRNVLGDQVLVWHPOHULQLQHWNLQOL÷LD]DOÕUNHQ]ÕGGÕQD]DUDUOÕ UDGLNDOOHULQ ROXúXPX GD DUWPDNWDGÕU %XQGDQ GROD\Õ GL\HWOH DOÕQDQ DQWLRNVLGDQ |]HOOLNOHUHVDKLSEHVLQPDGGHOHUL\DGDLODoODUDLKWL\DoGX\XOPDNWDGÕU *QP]GH DQWLRNVLGDQ ELOHúLNOHU WÕS HF]DFÕOÕN YH JÕGD VDQD\LQGH NXOODQÕPÕ ROGXNoD \D\JÕQGÕU %XQODU JÕGDODUÕ ER]XOPD\D NDUúÕ NRUXPDNWD ROXS RQODUÕQ GDKD X]XQ VUHOL VDNODQPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODU EXQODUGDQ ED]ÕODUÕ EWLOOHQPLú KLGURNVL WROXHQ %+7
(69) YH EWLOOHQPLú KLGURNVL DQLVRO %+$
(70) ELOHúLNOHULGLU DQFDN EXQODUÕQ WRNVLN HWNLOHULQGHQ úSKHOHQLOPHNWHGLU %X QHGHQOH VRQ \ÕOODUGD \HQL GDKD JYHQOL YH XFX] DQWLRNVLGDQ PDGGHOHULQ EXOXQPDVÕ LoLQ GR÷DO UQOHU ]HULQGH \D\JÕQ oDOÕúPDODU \DSÕOPDNWDGÕU <DSÕODQ oDOÕúPDODUGD \NVHN DQWLRNVLGDQ DNWLYLWH\H VDKLS ROGX÷X WDKPLQ HGLOHQ YH WDPDPHQ ELWNL ND\QDNOÕ ¶GHQ ID]OD PROHNO ELWNLOHUGHQ L]ROH HGLOLS \DSÕODUÕ D\GÕQODWÕOPÕúWÕU . %X ED÷ODPGD EX oDOÕúPDGD .DUDGHQL] %|OJHVL¶QGH DNWLI úHNLOGH PH\YHVLQGHQ \DUDUODQÕODQ7DIODQPH\YHVLQLQoHNLUGH÷LQGHEXOXQDQIRQNVL\RQHOELOHúLNOHULQDQDOL]LYH EXQODUDDLWDQWLRNVLGDQNDSDVLWHOHULLQFHOHQPHVLDPDoODQPÕúWÕU . .
(71) *(1(/%ø/*ø/(5 7DIODQ/DXURFHUDVXVRIILFLQDOLV 3UXQXVODXURFHUDVXV
(72) 7DIODQ. . E|OP.
(73) . DOW. E|OP.
(74) . 'LFRW\OHGRQHV
(75) VÕQÕIÕ IDPLO\DVÕ
(76) DOW IDPLO\DVÕ 'XKDPHO FLQVLQH DLW ELU WUGU %X WU
(77) 5RHPHU YH\D GL÷HU VLQRQLPL
(78) /
(79) JLEL LVLPOHUL LOH ELOLQPHNWHGLU .D\DFÕN
(80) hONHPL]GH LVH EX ELWNLQLQ µ7DIODQ¶ÕQ GÕúÕQGDNL HQ \D\JÕQ LVPL µ.DUD\HPLú¶GLU %LWNL .DUDGHQL] %|OJHVLQLQ ED]Õ \HUOHULQGHQ µJUF NLUD]Õ¶ µNDUDPÕú¶ µNDWWDN¶ µOD] NLUD]Õ¶ µOD]\HPLúL¶JLELLVLPOHUOHGHDQÕOPDNWDGÕU 7DIODQ .
(81)
(82) KHU PHYVLP \HúLO RODQ P¶\H NDGDU X]D\DELOHQ YH KHPHQ KHU WUO WRSUDNWD \HWLúHELOHQ ELU ELWNLQLQ PH\YHVLGLU 7UNL\H¶GH |]HOOLNOH .DUDGHQL] %|OJHVL¶QGH \HWLúHQ EX PH\YH JHUHN EHVLQ LoHUL÷L JHUHNVH ELOHúLPLQGHNL IRQNVL\RQHO XQVXUODUGDQ GROD\Õ |QHP WDúÕPDNWDGÕU <XYDUODN úHNLOOL YH EDúODQJÕoWD NÕUPÕ]Õ UHQNWH RODQ PH\YHOHU ROJXQODúWÕNoD SDUODN PRUVL\DK ELU UHQN DOPDNWDGÕUODU 7DIODQÕQ PH\YH YH oHNLUGHNOHUL KDON DUDVÕQGD WÕEEL ELWNL RODUDN NXOODQÕOPDNWD YH PLGH OVHUL VLQGLULP VLVWHPL KDVWDOÕNODUÕ EURQúLW HJ]DPD KHPRURLW WHGDYLOHULQGH HWNLOL ROGX÷XGúQOPHNWHGLU %D\WRS
(83) .DUD\HPLúPH\YHOHULQLQVLQGLULPLNROD\GÕUYHLQVDQÕWRNWXWPD|]HOOL÷LYDUGÕU5HoHOYH KDWWD WXUúX RODUDN NXOODQÕODQ PH\YHOHU SDVWD NHN YH |]HOOLNOH KRúDI YH NRPSRVWRODUD NRNX YH WDW ND]DQGÕUPDN LoLQ LODYH HGLOPHNWHGLU .DUD\HPLú \DSUDNODUÕ oD\ JLEL GHPOHQHUHN VLQLU ER]XNOXNODUÕQD ID\GDOÕ |NVUN GLQGLULFL YH VSD]P NHVLFL WD]H \DSUDNODUÕQGDQHOGHHGLOHQVX\XVSD]Po|]FYHEXODQWÕNHVLFLRODUDNNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU $OSÕQDUYH<D]ÕFÕR÷OXøVODP
(84) . .
(85) . ùHNLO7DIODQ¶ÕQ .
(86)
(87) PH\YHVL. ùHNLO7DIODQ¶ÕQ .
(88) oHNLUGH÷L . .
(89) /LWHUDWUg]HWL 7DIODQ KDON DUDVÕQGD .DUDGHQL] %|OJHVL¶QGH WD]H RODUDN WNHWLOPHVLQLQ \DQÕQGD NXUXWXODUDNUHoHOYHKDWWDWX]OXRODUDNGDWNHWLOPHNWHGLU$\UÕFDSHNPH]\DSÕPÕQGDGD NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU $ODúDOYDU YH DUN \DSWÕNODUÕ oDOÕúPDGD WD]H PH\YH YH NXUX PH\YH ED]OÕ JHOHQHNVHO \|QWHPOHUOH \DSÕOPÕú RODQ SHNPH]LQ DQWLRNVLGDQ NDSDVLWHOHULQL GH÷HUOHQGLUPHN LoLQ VHUEHVW UDGLNDO '33+ VSHU RNVLW UDGLNDOL YH KLGURMHQ SHURNVLW
(90) JLGHUPH DNWLYLWH WHVWOHUL X\JXODPÕúODUGÕU dDOÕúPDGD WD]H PH\YH ED]OÕ SHNPH]LQ WD]H PH\YH\H QD]DUDQ GDKD \NVHN NXUX PH\YH ED]OÕ SHNPH]LQ LVH SHNPH] UHWLPL VÕUDVÕQGD DQWLRNVLGDQ DNWLYLWH\H VDKLS ED]Õ IRQNVL\RQHO PROHNOOHULQ ER]XOPDVÕQGDQ GROD\ÕWD]HPH\YH\HJ|UHGDKDGúNDNWLYLWHJ|VWHUGL÷LRUWD\DNRQXOPXúWXU $ODúDOYDU YHDUN
(91) 7DIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQLQ OLSLW LoHUL÷LQLQ EHOLUOHQPHVL LoLQ $ODúDOYDU YH JUXEX WDUDIÕQGDQ \DSÕODQoDOÕúPDGDoHNLUGH÷LQOLSLWLoHUL÷LQLQROGX÷XWHVSLWHGLOPLúWLU+DPOLSLW HNVWUDNWÕQÕQ DQD ELOHúHQOHULQLQ ROHLN DVLW
(92) OLQROHLN DVLW YH SDOPLWLN DVLW RODUDN EHOLUOHQPLúWLU $\UÕFD EX oDOÕúPDGD WDIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQ ȖWRNRIHURO PLNWDUÕQÕQ ±PJJ\D÷YHȕVLWRVWHUROPLNWDUÕQÕQGDPJJ\D÷ROGX÷XUDSRU HGLOPLúWLU $ODúDOYDUYHDUN
(93) $\D] YH DUN WDIODQÕQ PH\YHVLQGHNL úHNHU LoHUL÷LQLQ PH\YH JHOLúLPL YH ROJXQODúPD VUHFLQGHNLGH÷LúLPLQLLQFHOHPLúOHUYHúXVRQXFDYDUPÕúODUGÕU0H\YHQLQúHNHULoHUL÷L IUXNWR] VXNUR] JOXNR] YH úHNHU DONRO RODQ VRUELWRO¶GXU )UXNWR] YH JOXNR] DQD ELOHúHQOHUGLU dLoHNOHQPH SHUL\RGXQXQ EDúODQJÕFÕQGDQ JQ VRQUD YH JQQ VRQXQDNDGDUIUXNWR]YHJOXNR]D]DOPD\DEDúODPÕúWD]HD÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQ YH¶LRODQ PLQLPXP VHYL\H\H GúPúWU %X LNL úHNHULQ PLNWDUÕ JQ DUDOÕ÷ÕQGD WHNUDU \NVHOHUHNWD]HD÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQYH¶LGH÷HULQHXODúPÕúWÕUJQOHUDUDVÕQGD VXNUR] J|]OHQPHPLúWLU 6RUELWRO LVH oLoHNOHQPH SHUL\RGXQXQ EDúODQJÕFÕQGDQ JQ VRQUDPLQLPXPVHYL\HGHLNHQJQGHPDNVLPXPVHYL\HVLRODQ¶HXODúPÕúWÕU *OLNR] IUXNWR] YH VRUELWRO PLNWDUODUÕQGD oLoHNOHQPHGHQ VRQUDNL JQOHU DUDVÕ KDVDW]DPDQÕ
(94) KÕ]OÕELUDUWÕúJ|]OHQPLúWLU $\D]
(95) . .
(96) $\D]WDUDIÕQGDQ\DSÕODQGL÷HUELUoDOÕúPDGDGDWDIODQPH\YHVLQGHNLIHQROLNPDGGHOHULQ oLoHNOHQPHGHQ VRQUDNL JQOHU LoLQGHNL GH÷LúLPOHUL LQFHOHQPLúWLU dDOÕúPDGD NXOODQÕODQ |UQHNOHUoLoHNOHQPHGHQJQVRQUDWRSODQPÕúYHPH\YHOHULQIHQROLNPDGGHLoHUL÷LS NXPDULNNDIHLNYHIHUXOLNDVLW VLQDPLNOHU
(97) YHEHQ]RLNKLGURNVLEHQ]RLNYDQLOLN GLKLGURNVEHQ]RLN DVLW EHQ]RLNOHU
(98) RODUDN WDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU %HQ]RLN KLGURNVLEHQ]RLN YDQLOLN YH NDIHLN DVLWOHU oLoHNOHQPHGHQ KDIWD LOH KDIWD VRQUDNL SHUL\RWWD DUWWÕ÷Õ J|]OHQPLúWLU )HUXOLN YH YDQLOLN DVLW PLNWDUODUÕQÕQ GD ROJXQODúPD VRQUDVÕ SHUL\RW RODQ oLoHNOHQPHGHQVRQUDNLKDIWDDUDVÕQGDDUWWÕ÷ÕJ|]OHQVHGHEXDUWÕúLVWDWLVWLNLRODUDN DQODPOÕ S
(99) EXOXQPDPÕúWÕU $\D]
(100) (UGHPR÷OX YH DUNDGDúODUÕ JHOHQHNVHO RODUDN NXOODQÕODQ KDON ELWNLOHULQ DWHú GúUF DQWLLQIODPPDWRU
(101) HWNLOHULQL EHOLUOHPHN LoLQ \DSWÕNODUÕ oDOÕúPDGD LoOHULQGH WDIODQÕQ GD EXOXQGX÷X \HGL ELWNL WUQ NXOODQPÕúODU YH EXQODUÕQ HQ HWNLOL RODQODUÕQ .
(102) WDIODQ
(103) \DSUDNODUÕ
(104) ]DNNXP
(105) NXUX YH WD]H oLoHNOHUL
(106)
(107)
(108) RUPDQ JO
(109) \DSUDNODUÕ ROGX÷XQX WHVSLW HWPLúOHUGLU %X o WUQ GHQHN KD\YDQODUÕQGD PLGH JDVWULWLQH VHEHS ROPDGÕ÷Õ GD D\QÕ oDOÕúPDGD RUWD\D NRQPXúWXU (UGHPR÷OX
(110) 7DIODQ¶ÕQ GD LoLQGH EXOXQGX÷X 3UXQXV WUOHULQGH LNL IDUNOÕ VL\DQRMHQLN JOLNR]LW EXOXQPDNWDGÕU 0RQR JOLNR]LW RODQ SUXQDVLQ VL\DQRMHQLN ELWNL NÕVÕPODUÕQÕQ KHPHQ KHSVLQGH GLJOLNR]LW RODQ DPLJGDOLQ LVH \DOQÕ]FD IDPLO\DVÕQD |]J ROXS oHNLUGHNOHUGHYH\DSUDNODUGDEXOXQPDNWDGÕU6L\DQRMHQLNJOLNR]LWOHUYHRQODUÕQKLGUROL] UQOHUL LQVDQODUGD DNXW LQWRNVLNDV\RQD YH PHUNH]L VLQLU VLVWHPL VHQGURPODUÕQD VHEHS ROPDNWDGÕU *RPH] YH DUN
(111) .DUD\HPLú oHNLUGHNOHULQGHNL HWNHQ PDGGHOHUGHQ RODQDPLJGDOLQ 'PDQGHORQLWULOȕ'JOXNR]LGRȕ'JOXNR]LW
(112) DQWLNDQVHUDNWLYLWHVL ROGX÷XLGGLDHGLOHQYH³/DHWULOH´DGÕDOWÕQGDVDWÕODQVL\DQRMHQLNELUJOLNR]LWWLU 5DXZVYH DUN
(113) 1LWHNLP EX PDGGHQLQ $PHULND¶GD H\DOHWWH NDQVHU WHGDYLVLQGH RUDO NHPRWHUDSLN DPDoOD NXOODQÕPÕQD \DVDO RODUDN L]LQ YHULOGL÷L DNWDUÕOPDNWDGÕU 1HZPDUN YH DUN
(114) 0DQGHORQLWULOLQ JHQWLEL\R]LW WUHYL RODQ DPLJGDOLQ SRWDQVL\HO NHPRWHUDSLN ELU PDGGH RODUDN \R÷XQ ELU úHNLOGH oDOÕúÕOPDNWDGÕU gUQH÷LQ PHVDQH NDQVHULWHGDYLVLQGHWP|UE|OJHVLQGHVSHVLILNRODUDNȕJOLNR]LGD]HQ]LPLLOHDPLJGDOLQ DNWLYH HGLOPLú YH DPLJGDOLQLQ KLGUROL]L VÕUDVÕQGD ROXúDQ JoO PHWDEROLN VL\DQLW ]HKUL. .
(115) KHUKDQJL ELU VLVWHPLN WRNVLVLWH \DúDQPDNVÕ]ÕQ N|W KX\OX KFUHOHULQ |OGUOPHVLQL VD÷ODPÕúWÕU 6\ULJRVYHDUN
(116) 7DIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQGH YDUOÕ÷Õ ELOLQHQ $ODúDOYDU YH DUN
(117) YH D\UÕFD EX oDOÕúPDGD oHNLUGHNOHUGHQ VDI RODUDN L]ROH HGLOHQ ELU ILWRVWHURO RODQ ȕVLWRVWHURO ELWNLOHUGH \D\JÕQ RODUDN EXODQDQ ELU VWHURLG WUHYLGLU /LWHUDWUGH ȕVLWRVWHURO¶Q YH GL÷HU ILWRVWHURO WUHYOHULQLQ GDPDU VHUWOL÷L NDQVHU OVHU YH LOWLKDSODUD NDUúÕ NRUXGX÷X UDSRU HGLOPLúWLU %HUJHUYHDUN
(118) g]HONLP\DVDOODUODNDQVHUHGLOPLúRODQYHGL\HWLoHUL÷LQLQ¶VL NDGDU ILWRVWHURO LoHULNOL EHVLQOHU LOH EHVOHQHQ GHQHN KD\YDQODUÕQGD NDQVHUOL KFUHOHULQ E\PHVLQLQ HQJHOOHQGL÷L WP|U ER\XWODUÕQÕQ NoOG÷ YH SURVWDW NRORQ YH PHPH NDQVHULQH \DNDODQPD ULVNLQLQ GúW÷ \DSÕODQ oDOÕúPDODU VRQXQGD RUWD\D NRQPXúWXU 5DLFKW YH DUN 'HVFKQHU YH DUN -DQH]LF YH DUN $ZDG YH DUN -XYHDUN
(119) <RQJKXDQ YH DUN
(120) ȕVLWRVWHURO¶ LQVDQ PLGH NDQVHU KFUHOHULQH 6*&
(121) NDUúÕ GD GHQHPLúOHU YH ROXPOX VRQXoODU DOPÕúODUGÕU <DSÕODQ GHQHPHOHUGH ȕ VLWRVWHURO¶Q GH÷LúLN NRQVDQWUDV\RQODUÕ LOH PXDPHOH HGLOHQ PLGH NDQVHUL KFUHOHULQLQ PRUIRORMLN GH÷LúLNOLNOHUH X÷UDGÕ÷Õ '1$¶ODUÕQÕQ ]DUDU J|UG÷ YH oR÷DOPDVÕQÕQ HQJHOOHQGL÷L WHVSLW HGLOPLúWLU $\QÕ oDOÕúPDGD ȕVLWRVWHURO¶Q VD÷OÕNOÕ KFUHOHUH NDUúÕ KHUKDQJLELUWRNVLVLWHVLJ|]OHQPHPLúWLU 0X]LVKLQD YH DUN \DSWÕNODUÕ oDOÕúPDGD ! YH
(122) ELWNLOHULQGHQ L]ROH HWWLNOHUL YH WDIODQ oHNLUGH÷LQLQ DNWLI ELOHúHQOHULQGHQ RODQ D\UÕFD EX oDOÕúPDGD GD ! VDIOÕNWD HOGH HGLOHQ SUXQDVLQLQ '1$ SROLPHUD] HQ]LPLQL LQKLEH HWWL÷LQLRUWD\DNR\PXúODUGÕU3UXQDVLQLQȝ0GHULúLPLQGHUDWSROȕ HQ]LPLQLLQKLEH HWWL÷LIDNDWFDOI'1$SROLPHUD]HQ]LPLQHHWNLHWPHGL÷LD\QÕoDOÕúPDGDWHVSLWHGLOPLúWLU 5DW SROȕ HQ]LPLQL LQKLELV\RQ \HWHQH÷L \D÷ DVLWOHULQLQ YDUOÕ÷ÕQGD DUWWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU 0X]LVKLQDYHDUN
(123) . .
(124) 6HNRQGHU 0HWDEROLWOHULQ $\ÕUPD YH 6DIODúWÕUÕOPDVÕQGD .XOODQÕODQ .URPDWRJUDILN<|QWHPOHU 'R÷DO ND\QDNOÕ |]HOOLNOH GH ELWNL ND\QDNOÕ EL\RDNWLI PROHNOOHULQ \DSÕODUÕQÕQ D\GÕQODWÕODELOPHVL LoLQ PXWODN VXUHWWH D\UÕOPÕú ROPDVÕ JHUHNPHNWHGLU .URPDWRJUDILN D\ÕUPD VLVWHPOHULQGH D\UÕOPDVÕ LVWHQHQ PDGGHOHU LOH UHDNVL\RQ YHUPH\HQ VDELW ID] YH KDUHNHWOL ID] VHoLOLU $\UÕODFDN PDGGHQLQ |]HOOL÷LQH J|UH |QFHOLNOH NXOODQÕODFDN NURPDWRJUDILN \|QWHP JD]VÕYÕNURPDWRJUDILJLEL
(125) EHOLUOHQLU%X\|QWHPHX\JXQVDELW ID] QRUPDO ID] WHUV ID] VLOLND MHO DOPLQD YE
(126) YH KDUHNHWOL ID] VHoLOHUHN D\UÕP EDúODQDELOLU ø\L ELU D\UÕP LoLQ EX o SDUDPHWUHQLQ NURPDWRJUDIL WU VDELW ID] YH KDUHNHWOLID]L\LVHoLOPLúROPDVÕJHUHNPHNWHGLU .RORQ.URPDWRJUDILVL ..
(127) .RORQNURPDWRJUDILVLRUJDQLNPROHNOOHULQD\UÕOPDVÕQGDROGXNoDNXOODQÕúOÕYHXFX]ELU \|QWHPGLU $\UÕODFDN RODQ PDGGHOHU NRORQD VÕYÕ \D GD NDWÕ RODUDN \NOHQHELOLU 6ÕYÕ \NOHPHOHUGH LON RODUDN EDúODQDFDN SRODULWHGH o|]F VLVWHPL LOH PDGGHOHU o|]OPHOLGLU%XQXQVHEHELLON\NOHPHHVQDVÕQGDLVWHQPH\HQELUROD\RODQPDGGHOHULQ KÕ]OÕ YH EHUDEHU \UPHVL YH\D NRORQXQ \DUÕOPDVÕQD HQJHO ROPDNWÕU .. LOH D\UÕPD EDúODPDGDQ|QFHPXWODNDD\UÕOPDNLVWHQHQNDUÕúÕPÕHQL\LúHNLOGHD\ÕUDELOHQPRELOID] NDUÕúÕPÕLQFHWDEDNDNURPDWRJUDILVL ø7.
(128) LOHEHOLUOHQPHOLGLUø7.LOHEHOLUOHQHQo|]F VLVWHPLGLUHNWRODUDNEDúODQJÕoPRELOID]ÕRODUDNNXOODQÕODELOLU ..¶GD HQ oRN NXOODQÕODQ VDELW ID] VLOLND MHOGLU *HQHOGH 6LOLND MHO PHVK NXOODQÕOÕU'DKDNoNWDQHFLNER\XWOXVLOLNDMHOLOH\DSÕODQD\UÕPODUGDPXWODNDYDNXP GHVWH÷L JHUHNLU %X WU D\UÕPODU |]HOOLNOH ELWNL HNVWUDNWODUÕ LoLQ NDED D\UÕPODU LoLQ NXOODQÕOÕU %X VLVWHPGH QLVSHWHQ GDKD E\N NRORQODU NXOODQÕOÕU YH YDNXP GHVWHNOL RODUDND]SRODUGDQ\NVHNSRODULWHOHUHGH÷LúLNo|]FVLVWHPOHULNRORQGDQJHoLULOLU%X \ROOD HNVWUDNW LoLQGHNL PDGHU SRODULWHOHULQH J|UHNÕVPHQ D\UÕOPÕú ROXU 'DKD VRQUD EX SDUoDODU..LOHD\UÕODUDNL]RODV\RQDJLGLOHELOLU . .
(129) ..¶GDJHQHOGHPODUDVÕQGDIUDNVL\RQODUWRSODQÕU7RSODQDQKHUIUDNVL\RQø7.LOH NRQWUROHGLOHUHND\QÕ\U\HQOHUELUOHúWLULOLUø7.GDJ|]OHJ|UOPH\HQVSRWODUÕJ|UQU KDOH JHWLUPHN LoLQ NXOODQÕODQ ELUNDo WHNQLN YDUGÕU 89 ODPEDVÕ YH QP
(130) L\RW EXKDUÕQD PDUX] EÕUDNPD 6HULN VOIDW EHOLUWHFL YE 89 VHQWHWLN RUJDQLN NLP\D LoLQ NXOODQÕúOÕ ELU J|UQWOHPH \|QWHPLGLU $QFDN GR÷DO UQOHUGH EX GDOJD ER\ODUÕQGD J|UQPH\HFHNPDGGHOHUGHPHYFXWWXUø\RWLOHJ|UQWOHPHGHD÷]ÕVÕNÕFDNDSDWÕODELOHQ ELUWDQNLoLQGHVLOLNDMHOLOHL\RWNDUÕúWÕUÕOÕUø7.EXWDQNDNRQXOXUNDSDNNDSDWÕODUDN VDQL\H EHNOHQGLNWHQ VRQUD DOÕQDUDN NRQWURO HGLOLU 6SRWODU DUWÕN oÕSODN J|]OH J|UOHELOLU KDOGHGLU 6HULN VOIDW o|]HOWLVL 6HU\XP ,9
(131) VOIDW 'HU 6OIULN $VLW6X
(132) NDUÕúÕPÕ ELU SVNUWF \DUGÕPÕ LOH ø7. ]HULQH SVNUWOU YH &¶GH ÕVÕWÕODUDN VSRWODUÕQJ|UQUKDOHJHOPHVLVD÷ODQÕU %X NRQWUROOHUGHQ VRQUD WHN VSRW RODUDN J|]OHQHQ PDGGHOHU GH÷LúLN VSHNWURVNRSLN \|QWHPOHULOHD\GÕQODWÕOÕU.DUÕúÕPRODUDNJ|]OHQHQOHULVHWHNUDUGDKDNoNNRORQODUGD D\UÕOPD\DoDOÕúÕOÕU %XoDOÕúPDGD..KDPELWNLHNVWUDNWÕQÕQIUDNVL\RQODQGÕUÕOPDVÕQGDYHVDIODúWÕUÕOPDVÕQGD NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU 6DELW ID] RODUDN VLOLND MHO PHVK
(133) KDUHNHWOL ID] RODUDN KHN]DQ GLNORUPHWDQ HWLO DVHWDW YH PHWDQRO NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU ø7. EHOLUWHFL RODUDN GD 6HULN VOIDW NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU øQFH7DEDND.URPDWRJUDILVL ø7.
(134) %LU NDUÕúÕP LoLQGHNL ELOHúHQOHULQ D\UÕOPDVÕQÕ YH NDOLWDWLI RODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLQL VD÷OD\DQ NURPDWRJUDILQLQ HQ EDVLW X\JXODPDODUÕQGDQ ELULGLU %D]Õ RUJDQLN D\ÕUPD YH VDIODúWÕUPD LúOHPOHULQGH ROGXNoD NXOODQÕúOÕ YH GL÷HU \|QWHPOHUH J|UH QLVSHWHQ GDKD XFX]GXU$OPLQ\XPSODNDODU]HULQHVLOLNDMHO\DGDDOLPQDSDUWLNOOHUL\HUOHúWLULOPLú WDEDNODU WLFDUL RODUDN PHYFXWWXU .XODQÕP DPDFÕQD J|UH NHVLOHUHN \D GD EWQ RODUDN NXOODQÕODELOLU <D GD X\JXQ DSDUDWODUOD GHVWHN ID]Õ FDP SODNDODU ]HULQH oHNLOHUHN SUHSDUDWLI RODUDN GD NXOODQÕODELOLU 1XPXQH X\JXODPDVÕ NDSLOHU ELU WS NXOODQÕODUDN \DSÕOÕU8\JXODQDQQXPXQHVSRWODUÕNXUXGXNWDQVRQUDSODNDD]PLNWDUPRELOID]LoHUHQ FDPELUWDQNLoLQHDOÕQÕU0RELOID]SODNDQÕQ]HULQGHQ\XNDUÕ\DGR÷UXNDSLOHUHWNLLOH. .
(135) WÕUPDQÕUNHQX\JXODQDQPDGGHOHULSRODULWHOHULQHJ|UHNRúWXUXU8\JXODPDVRQUDVÕPDGGH VSRWODUÕ 89 YH QP
(136) ÕúÕ÷Õ DOWÕQGD NRQWURO HGLOLU 89 ÕúÕ÷Õ DOWÕQGD J|UQPH\HQ ELOHúHQOHU L\RW VHULNVOIDW JLEL UHDNWLIOHUOH J|UQU KDOH JHWLULOGLNWHQ VRQUD GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕOÕU 5I GH÷HUOHUL D\QÕ RODQ PDGGHOHU D\QÕ PDGGHOHU RODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLULOLU %XoDOÕúPDGDø7.X\JXODPDODUÕNRORQNURPDWRJUDILVLLOHWRSODQDQIUDNVL\RQODUGDQD\QÕ RODQODUÕQÕ ELUOHúWLUPHN LoLQ NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU 6SRWODUÕQ J|UQU KDOH JHWLULOPHVL LúOHPL VHULNVOIDWo|]HOWLVLLOH\DSÕOPÕúWÕU <NVHN%DVÕQoOÕ6ÕYÕ.URPDWRJUDILVL +3/&
(137) 0RGHUQ +3/& VLVWHPOHUL LVWHQLOHQ DNÕú KÕ]ÕQGD P/GDNLND
(138) G|UW IDUNOÕ o|]F VLVWHPLQL L]RNUDWLN JUDGL\HQW \D GD VDELW úHNLOGH SRPSDOD\DELOHQ ELU SRPSDGDQ PDGGHOHUL \NVHN D\ÕUPD NDSDVLWHVLQH VDKLS NRORQGDQ YH D\UÕODQ PDGGHOHUL WD\LQ HGHELOHFHN ELU GHWHNW|UGHQ ROXúXU 'HWHNW|UGHQ oÕNDQ PDGGHOHUL WRSODPD\D \DUD\DQ IUDNVL\RQWRSOD\ÕFÕODUVD\HVLQGHD\UÕD\UÕWRSODPDNGDPPNQGU8\JXQ\D]ÕOÕPODUOD +3/&FLKD]ÕQDHQWHJUH HGLOHQEXWRSOD\ÕFÕODUSUHSDUDWLIRODUDNPDGGHOHULQD\UÕOPDVÕQD RODQDNVD÷ODU +3/&VLVWHPOHULJHQHOGHWHUPDORODUDNNDUDUOÕRODQYH*&LOHDQDOL]LPPNQROPD\DQ PDGGHOHULQ DQDOL]OHULQGH NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU <NVHN ND\QDPD QRNWDOÕ ELUELULQH \DNÕQ |]HOOLNOHUGHNL. SRODU. PDGGHOHULQ. D\UÕPÕ. NROD\OÕNOD. +3/&. VLVWHPOHULQGH. \DSÕODELOPHNWHGLU 8\JXQ GHWHNW|U VHoLPL \D GD HQMHNVL\RQ |QFHVL WUHYOHQGLUPH LúOHPOHULLOHQHUHGH\VHEWQWHUPDONDUDUOÕPDGGHOHULQD\UÕPÕYHD\UÕODQKHUPDGGHQLQ GHKHPNDOLWDWLIKHPGHNDQWLWDWLIDQDOL]L\DSÕODELOLU +3/& VLVWHPOHULQGH NXOODQÕODQ X]XQOXNODUÕ PP LOH PP oDSÕ LVH PP DUDVÕQGD GH÷LúHQ WDQHFLN E\NO÷ ȝP ER\XWXQGD RODQ oHOLN NRORQODU WLFDUL RODUDN PHYFXWWXU(Q\D\JÕQRODUDNWHUVID] DSRODUGROJXPDGGHOL
(139) YHQRUPDOID] SRODUGROJX PDGGHOL
(140) NRORQODU NXOODQÕOÕU +DUHNHWOL ID] RODUDN GD WHUV ID] NRORQODU LoLQ JHQHOGH GH÷LúLNPRELOID]G]HQOH\LFLOHUOHELUOLNWH 7&$7)$$VHWLN$VLW6OIULNDVLWYE
(141) VX YHDVHWRQLWULOQRUPDOID]NRORQODULoLQPHWDQROGLNORUPHWDQYEo|]FOHUNXOODQÕOÕU. .
(142) *D].URPDWRJUDILVL *&
(143) 8oXFX RUJDQLN ELOHúLNOHULQ WHVSLWLQGH ROGXNoD \D\JÕQ RODUDN NXOODQÕODQ *& \ÕOÕQGDQ LWLEDUHQ JHOLúHUHN YH ROGXNoD oRN \|QO NXOODQÕPÕ RODQ ELU WHNQRORMLGLU g]HOOLNOHUXWLQDQDOL]\|QWHPOHULLOHEHOLUOHQPHVLJoRODQYHoRN]DPDQDODQXoXFXYH XoXFX KDOH JHWLULOHELOHQ RUJDQLN PDGGHOHULQ EX \|QWHPOH EHOLUOHQPHVL |QFHOLNOL WHUFLK QHGHQLGLU *D] NURPDWRJUDILVLQGH DQDOL]L \DSÕODFDN ELOHúL÷LQ PXWODND EXKDUODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ JHUHNPHNWHGLU %XQXQ LoLQ ELU *& FLKD]Õ WRSODPGD DQD SDUoDGDQ ROXúPDNWDGÕU %XQODU WDúÕ\ÕFÕ JD]ÕQ EDVÕQo D\DUÕQÕ \DSDFDN ELU UHJODW|U YH YDOI QLWHVL HQMHNVL\RQ VLVWHPL D\ÕUPD NRORQX GHWHNW|U GHWHNW|UQ LoLQH NRQGX÷X YH VDELW VÕFDNOÕ÷Õ VD÷OD\DQ IÕUÕQYHELUND\GHGLFLGHQROXúPDNWDGÕU 7DúÕ\ÕFÕ JD] RODUDN JHQHOGH KHO\XP KLGURMHQ YH\D D]RW JLEL LQHUW JD]ODU NXOODQÕOÕU %HOLUOL ELU VÕFDNOÕNWD YH DNÕP KÕ]ÕQGD NDUÕúÕPÕ NRORQ LoLQGH VUNOH\HUHN WDúÕU 1XPXQHOHU JHQHOGH NRORQD ER]XQPD\D QHGHQ ROPD\DFDN NDGDU NÕVD VUHGH YH NoN KDFLPOHUGH /
(144) HQMHNWHHGLOLUOHU(QMHNVL\RQSRUWXQGDQXPXQHDQLGHQEXKDUODúWÕUÕODUDN JD]ID]ÕQDG|QúWUOU7DúÕ\ÕFÕJD]LOHELUOLNWHNRORQLoLQGHVUNOHQLU.RORQER\XQFD NRORQ LoLQGH LON RODUDN DGVRUEH HGLOHQ PDGGH VRQUDGDQ JHOHQ JD] LOH WHNUDU GHVRUEH HGLOLU YH E|\OHFH NRORQXQ GH÷LúLN QRNWDODUÕQGD YH GH÷LúLN ]DPDQODUGD NRORQ LoLQGH RUWD\D oÕNDQ JD]GDNL ELOHúHQOHU ELU GHWHNW|U \DUGÕPÕ LOH ND\GHGLOLU 'HWHNW|U VLQ\DOOHUL ND\GHGLFLGHSLNúHNOLQGHJUDIL÷HG|NOU+HUELUSLNELUELOHúHQLLIDGHHWPHNWHGLU+HU ELUSLNLQDODQÕNRQVDQWUDV\RQXGH÷HULQLLIDGHHWPHNWHGLU .DWÕ QXPXQHOHUGH DQDOL]OHULQ \DSÕOPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD D] PLNWDUGD NDWÕ QXPXQHGHQ DOÕQÕU YH ELU WS LoLQH \HUOHúWLULOLU 7S GDKD VRQUD *&¶\H VRQUDGDQ LODYH HGLOHELOHQ EXKDUODúWÕUPDQLWHOHULQH |UQH÷LQKHDGVSDFHJLEL
(145) \HUOHúWLULOLUYHX\JXQHOHNWULNDNÕPÕ VÕFDNOÕN SURJUDPÕ YV YHULOHUHN WSQ LoLQGHNL NDWÕ PDGGHQLQ WDPDPHQ JD] ID]ÕQD JHoLULOPHVL VD÷ODQÕU YH VRQUD WSQ D÷]Õ DoÕODUDN EXKDUODúDQ JD] WDúÕ\ÕFÕ JD]OD NRORQ LoLQGHVSUOU . .
(146) 6HNRQGHU 0HWDEROLWOHULQ $\GÕQODWÕOPDVÕQGD .XOODQÕODQ 6SHNWURVNRSLN <|QWHPOHU 105 1NOHHU0DQ\HWLN5H]RQDQV
(147) 1NOHHU PDQ\HWLN UH]RQDQV 6SHNWURPHWUHVL EHOLUOL oHNLUGHNOHULQ PDQ\HWLN DODQGDNL KDUHNHWOHULQL WHPHO DODQ VSHNWURPHWUH WHNQL÷LGLU 2UJDQLN NLP\DGD YH GR÷DO UQOHULQ \DSÕODUÕQÕQD\GÕQODWÕOPDVÕQGDNXOODQÕODQ105WHNQLNOHULQLQHQ|QHPOLOHUL+YH&105 VSHNWURPHWUHOHULGLU 3UHQVLSWH X\JXQ oHNLUGH÷H VDKLS EWQ DWRPODUD X\JXODQDELOLU 105 GDWDODUÕ GL÷HU EWQ VSHNWUDO \|QWHPOHUH QD]DUDQ ROGXNoD ID]OD ELOJL YHULU gUQH÷LQ ,5 VSHNWUXPX ELU NDUERQLO JUXEXQXQ VDGHFH YDUOÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUOHUNHQ 105 VSHNWUXPX NDUERQLO JUXEXQXQ PROHNOH QHUHGHQ ED÷ODQGÕ÷ÕQÕ NRPúXVXQGDNL SURWRQODUÕ NDUERQLO JUXSODUÕQÕQ X]D\GD GL÷HU SURWRQ YH NDUERQODUOD HWNLOHúPHOHUL JLEL ELUoRNGH÷HUOLELOJLYHULU +&&$37YH&'(37 . +YH&105VSHNWUXPODUÕ. . +105 VSHNWUXPODUÕQGDQ PROHNOGHNL NDo GH÷LúLN SURWRQXQ EXOXQGX÷X IDUNOÕ. SURWRQODUÕQ J|UHFHOL VD\ÕODUÕ SURWRQODUÕQ HOHNWURQLN oHYUHOHUL YH ELU SURWRQXQ NRPúXVXQGDNL SURWRQODUOD HWNLOHúPHOHUL JLEL ELOJLOHUL QHW ELU úHNLOGH HOGH HGLOHELOLU .LP\DVDOND\PDGH÷HUOHULYH\DUÕOPDúHNLOOHULLOHSURWRQODUÕQWLSLEHOLUOHQHELOLU . &105 VSHNWUXPODUÕQGDQ PROHNOGH EXOXQDQ IDUNOÕ NDUERQODUÕQ VD\ÕVÕ EHOLUOHQLU. .DUERQVLQ\DOOHULQLQNLP\DVDOND\PDGH÷HUOHULQGHQKHUELUNDUERQDWRPXQXQHOHNWURQLN oHYUHVLKDNNÕQGDELOJLHGLQLOHELOLU&¶QGR÷DGDEXOXQPD\]GHVLROGX÷XQGDQ NDUERQ105VSHNWUXPODUÕND\GHGLOLUNHQSURWRQ105¶DJ|UHQLVSHWHQGDKDID]OD|UQHN JHUHNLU $\UÕFD GH÷LúLN WHNQLNOHUOH KHU ELU NDUERQ DWRPXQXQ WUQ EHOLUOHPHN PPNQGU%XWHNQLNOHU$37YH'(37105VSHNWUXPODUÕGÕU . .
(148) '(37 'LVWRUWLRQOHVV(QKDQFHPHQWE\3RODUL]DWLRQ7UDQVIHU
(149) %XWHNQLNWHSXOVODU . QXPXQH]HULQHYH ¶OLNDoÕODUODJ|QGHULOHUHNVSHNWUXPODUND\GHGLOLUøQWHUQDO NRPSOHNVSXOVSURJUDPODUÕQÕQGH÷LúWLULOPHVLLOHNDUERQODUDED÷OÕRODQSURWRQVD\ÕODUÕQD J|UHIDUNOÕNDUERQODUIDUNOÕVLQ\DOOHUYHULU'(37WHNQLNOHULPROHNOGHEXOXQDQNDUERQ DWRPODUÕQÕQVEVWLWV\RQGHUHFHVLQNROD\FDEHOLUOHQPHVLQLVD÷ODU '(37 %WQ VLQ\DOOHU SR]LWLI RODUDN UH]RQDQV ROXUNHQ VSHNWUXPGD SURWRQOX NDUERQODU &+ &+ YH ±&+
(150) J|]OHQLU DQFDN NXDUWHUQHU NDUERQODU J|]OHQPH] '(37VSHNWUXPXQGD&'&OVLQ\DOYHUPH] '(37 '(37 GHQH\OHULQLQ EX oHúLGLQGH VDGHFH ±&+ WLSL NDUERQODU VSHNWUXPGD SR]LWLIRODUDNJ|]OHQLUNHQ±&+±&+YH±&WLSLNDUERQODUJ|]OHQPH] '(37%XWU'(37GHQH\OHULQGHLVH&+YH±&+WLSLNDUERQDWRPODUÕSR]LWLISLN YHULUNHQ ±&+ WLSL NDUERQODU LVH QHJDWLI RODUDN SLN YHULU .XDUWHUQHU NDUERQODU LVH EX VSHNWUXPODUGDJ|]OHQPH] $37 $WWDFKHG3URWRQ7HVW
(151) '(37GHQH\OHULNDGDUKDVVDVROPDVDGD'(37¶HJ|UH ELUDYDQWDMÕVSHNWUXPGDEWQNDUERQODUÕQJ|]OHQHELOPHVLGLU&YH±&+WLSLNDUERQODU VSHNWUXPGD SR]LWLI RODUDN J|]OHQLUNHQ &+ YH &+ WLSL NDUERQODU QHJDWLI RODUDN J|]OHQLU 6RQXoRODUDNELUPROHNOGHNLNDUERQODUÕQKDQJLWLSVEVWLWHROGXNODUÕ$37'(37 YH '(37 6SHNWUXPODUÕ NDUúÕODúWÕUÕODUDN WDP RODUDN EHOLUOHQHELOLU %X GD GR÷DO ND\QDNOÕ PROHNOOHULQ \DSÕODUÕQÕQ NDUPDúÕNOÕNODUÕQD UD÷PHQ D\GÕQODWÕOPDVÕQÕ NROD\ODúWÕUÕU øNL%R\XWOX1057HNQLNOHUL 'H÷LúLN '105 WHNQLNOHUL '105 WHNQLNOHULQGHQ HOGH HGLOHQ ELOJLOHULQ PROHNOOHULQ D\GÕQODWÕOPDVÕQGD \HWHUVL] NDOGÕ÷Õ GXUXPODUGD YH ' WHNQLNOHULQGH |]HOLNOH GH SURWRQ VSHNWUXPXQGD VW VWH oDNÕúPDODUGDQ GROD\Õ VSHNWUXPX \RUXPODPDQÕQLPNkQVÕ]ROGX÷XGXUXPODUGDROGXNoDNXOODQÕúOÕYHJHUHNOLELOJLOHUYHULU. .
(152) &26<+(7&25+0%&+64&72&6< &26< &RUUHODWLRQ6SHFWURVFRS\
(153) '105WHNQLNOHULQGHQRODQ&26<VSLQVSLQHWNLOHúLPOHULQLEHOLUOH\HUHNPROHNOGHNL ED÷ODQPDODUÕ WD\LQ HWPH\H \DUDU &26<¶GH o ED÷D NDGDU HWNLOHúPHOHU J|UOHELOLU SURWRQSURWRQXQ ED÷OÕ ROGX÷X NDUERQ EX NDUERQD NRPúX NDUERQ YH NRPúX\D ED÷OÕ SURWRQ DUDVÕQGDNL HWNLOHúPHOHU
(154) &26< VSHNWUXPODUÕQGD KHU LNL HNVHQGH GH SURWRQ VSHNWUXPX \HU DOÕU YH PROHNOGHNL SURWRQODUÕQ KDQJL SURWRQODUOD HWNLOHúWL÷L DoÕNoD J|UOU +(7&25 +HWHURQXFOHDU&RUDODWLRQ
(155) <DOQÕ] NDUERQ DWRPXQD GR÷UXGDQ ED÷OÕ RODQ SURWRQODU DUDVÕQGDNL HWNLOHúPH\L RUWD\D NR\DQEXWHNQLNPROHNOGHNLSURWRQODUÕQKDQJLNDUERQDWRPXQDED÷OÕROGXNODUÕQÕNHVLQ RODUDNEHOLUOHPH\H\DUDU6SHNWUXPODUGDLNLHNVHQ\HUDOÕU%XQODUGDQELULNDUERQGL÷HUL GH SURWRQ VLQ\DOOHULQLQ \HU DOÕ÷Õ HNVHQOHUGLU (WNLOHúHQ SURWRQ EH NDUERQ DWRPODUÕQÕQ NHVLúVLPQRNWDVÕQGDoDSUD]SLNOHUEXOXQXU+(7&25VSHNWUXPODUÕQGDQSURWRQNDUERQ HúOHúPHVL \RN LVH EX NDUERQD ED÷OÕ SURWRQ \RNWXU NDUERQ DWRPX LNL oDSUD] SLN YHUPLúVH ±NDUERQ DWRPXQD LNL IDUNOÕ SURWRQ ED÷OÕGÕU NDUERQ DWRPX WHN oDSUD] SLN YHUPLúVH NDUERQD ED÷OÕ SURWRQ VD\ÕVÕ ELUGLU \D GD ED÷OÕ RODQ SURWRQODU |]GHúWLU \RUXPODUÕ\DSÕODELOLU +0%& +HWHURQXFOHHU0XOWL%RQG&RKHUHQFH
(156) +(7&25 VSHNWUXPODUÕQGD VDGHFH NDUERQD ED÷OÕ SURWRQODUÕQ NRUHODV\RQX YHULOLUNHQ +0%&VSHNWUXPODUÕQGDELUED÷]HULQGHQRODQNRUHODV\RQODUÕQHOLPLQHHGLOLUNHQLNLYH o ED÷ ED]HQ GH G|UW ED÷ ]HULQGHQ NRUHODV\RQODU J|]OHQLU øNL YH o ED÷ ]HULQGHQ HWNLOHúPHOHULQ YHULOGL÷L VSHNWUXPODU \DSÕQÕQ GDKD NROD\ DQODúÕOPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU +0%& VSHNWUXPODUÕ JHQHOGH \DSÕODUÕ oRN NRPSOHNV RODQ GR÷DO ND\QDNOÕ PROHNOOHULQ &&ED÷ODQWÕODUÕQÕQEHOLUOHQPHVLQGHoRNVÕNNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU. .
(157) +64& +HWRURQXFOHHU0XOWL4XDQWXP&RUUHODWLRQ
(158) +64& VSHNWUXPODUÕ ELUELULQH GLUHNW RODUDN ED÷OÕ RODQ NDUERQ YH SURWRQODUÕQ NRUHODV\RQXQX YHULU 6SHNWUXPXQ LoHUGL÷L LNL HNVHQGHQ ELULQGH NDUERQ GL÷HULQGH LVH SURWRQVSHNWUXPODUÕ\HUDOÕUdDSUD]SLNOHULVHELUED÷]HULQGHQHWNLOHúHQNDUERQSURWRQ HúOHúPHVLQLJ|VWHULU 72&6< 7RWDO&RUUHODWHG6SHFWURVFRS<
(159) 72&6< VSHNWUXPODUÕ KHU LNL HNVHQGH GH SURWRQ VSHNWUXPX LoHULU dDSUD] NHúLúLP QRNWDODUÕQGD LVH ED÷D NDGDU NHVLQWLVL] SURWRQ D÷ÕQGDNL SURWRQODUÕQ ELUELULOHUL LOH HWNLOHúLPLYHULOLU%XWHNQLN|]HOOLNOHúHNHUOHULQ\DSÕODUÕQÕQD\GÕQODWÕOPDVÕQGDNXOODQÕúOÕ ELOJLOHUVXQDU$QFDNED÷X]DGÕNoDSURWRQSURWRQoDSUD]SLNOHULQLQúLGGHWLD]DOÕU %LWNL6HNRQGHU0HWDEROLWOHUL )LWRVWHUROOHU )LWRVWHUROOHUELWNLVHOND\QDNOÕNROHVWHUROWUHYLVWHUROOHUGLU*HQHORODUDNELWNLVHOVWHURO RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕOÕU YH 'HVPHWLOVWHUROOHU NROHVWDQ VHULOHUL
(160) NDUERQXQGD PHWLO EXOXQGXUPD\DQQRUPDOILWRVWHUROOHU0RQRPHWLOVWHUROOHU ĮPHWLONROHVWDQVHULOHUL
(161) YH C'LPHWLOVWHUROOHU ODQRVWDQ VHULOHUL WULWHUSHQ DONROOHU RODUDN GD ELOLQLUOHU
(162) RODUDN o JUXSWDVÕQÕIODQGÕUÕOÕUODU 'R÷DGD ELWNLVHO \D÷ODU \D÷OÕ WRKXPODU ELWNL WRKXPODUÕ WDKÕOODU YH WDQHOHUGH EXOXQPDNWDGÕU .D\QDNODUD J|UH ELWNL WUHYOL VWHUROOHULQ ¶GHQ ID]OD WUHYL ELOLQPHNWHGLU (Q \D\JÕQ RODUDN EXOXQDQODUÕ LVH EDúWD ȕVLWRVWHURO
(163) ROPDN ]HUH VWLJPDVWHURO NDPSHVWHURO YH HUJRVWHUROGU %X ILWRVWHUROOHU YH NROHVWHUROQ KHSVL GHVPHWLOVWHURO JUXEXQGD \HU DOPDNWDGÕU %UDVVLNDVWHURO ǻDYHQDVWHURO VLWRVWDQRO YH NDPSHVWDQROJLELGL÷HUELWNLVHOVWHUROOHULVHELWNLOHUGHGúNPLNWDUODUGDEXOXQPDNWDGÕU . .
(164) 6WDQRORODUDNDGODQGÕUÕODQGR\PXúVWHUROOHUGR÷DGDHVHUPLNWDUGDEXOXQPDNWDGÕU6WHURO KDONDVÕQGD oLIW ED÷Õ \RNWXU 6WDQROOHU GR÷DGD VWHUROOHUGHQ GDKD D] EXOXQPDNWD YH VWHUROOHULQ KLGURMHQOHQPHVL VRQXFX ROXúPDNWDGÕU 6LWRVWHUROOHULQ GR\XUXOPDVÕ LOH VLWRVWDQROOHU NRPSHVWHUROOHULQ GR\XUXOPDVÕ LOH NRPSHVWDQROOHU ROXúPDNWDGÕU $úD÷ÕGD ED]ÕVWHURLGWUHYOHULYHULOPLúWLU. +2. +2. E
(165). D
(166). +2. +2. G
(167). F
Benzer Belgeler
(Kisling, bir resim sattığı gün bü tün parası ile salâmlar, jambonlar alır, onları a- tölyesinin tavanına asar, fıçılarla şaraplar koyar, bütün
Atmosferdeki fırtınalar nedeniyle gezegenin yüzeyinde sarmal şeklinde dönen rengarenk bulut görüntüleri oluşur.. Jüpiter’in çevresindeki yörüngesinde
Maarif idare şebekesinin içinde hem bir idareci, hem kıymetli bi^ğretm en olarak yetişmiştir.. Maarif vekâletinde memlekete, millete unutulmaz hizmetler edeceğine
Şeyh Bedrettin bir süre Edirne’de kal dı. Ardından, Bulgaristan’a geçti. Orada düşüncelerini, inancını yaymak üzere ça lışmalara başladı. Düşüncelerini yaşama
karşın çalışmamızda bebeklerin %10’unda demir eksikliği anemisi gelişmesi ve bu hastaların büyük oranda sadece anne sütü ile beslenen grupta olması
ÖZET: Bu çalýþmamýzda konjenital diyafram hernisi olan 14 hastanýn baþvuru þikayetleri, ameliyat bulgularý ve uzun süreli solunum fonksiyonlarý incelenmiþtir..
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre okul yöneticilerinin işkoliklik düzeyleri branş (sosyal alanlar, sayısal alanlar, teknik alanlar, sınıf öğretmenliği), çalışılan kurum
Müzakere ve sorulan soruların seviyesi arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında, öğretmen ne kadar çok yüksek seviyede ve takip soruları sorarsa, müzakereler da o kadar