Özel Emeklilik Fonları ve Türkiye'de Bireylerin Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemine Giriş Kararlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

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(1)Marmara Üniversitesi øø%)'HUJLVL YIL 2010&ø/7;;9III, SAYI I, S. 291-312. g=(/(0(./ø/ø.)21/$5,9(7h5.ø<(¶'( %ø5(</(5ø1%ø5(<6(/ (0(./ø/ø. 6ø67(0ø1(*ø5øù .$5$5/$5,1,(7.ø/(<(1)$.7g5/(5ø1 %(/ø5/(10(6øh=(5ø1(%ø5$5$ù7,50$ 1 2UKDQù(1(5 * Faruk AKIN ** Özet *QP]GH LVWHU JHOLúPLú LVWHUVH JHOLúPHNWH ROVXQ WP VRV\DO JYHQOLN VLVWHPOHULoHúLWOLVRUXQODUODNDUúÕNDUúÕ\DNDOPÕúWÕU'Q\DJHQHOLQGHVRV\DOJYHQOLN DODQÕQGD \DúDQDQ NUL] VLVWHPGH UHIRUP YH \HQLGHQ \DSÕODQPD JHUHNOLOL÷LQL GR÷XUPXúWXU %X \DSÕODQPDQÕQ ELU QHWLFHVL RODUDN RUWD\D oÕNDQ |]HO HPHNOLOLN IRQODUÕ ED]Õ ONHOHUGH NDPX HPHNOLOLN SOkQODUÕQÕQ \HULQL DOÕUNHQ ED]Õ ONHOHUGH PHYFXW NDPX HPHNOLOLN SOkQODUÕQÕ WDPDPODPDNWDGÕU 'Q\DGD ³.XUXPVDO <DWÕUÕPFÕŃDYUDPÕLoLQGHHQE\NE|OPROXúWXUDQ|]HOHPHNOLOLNIRQODUÕJHUHN JHOLúPLúSL\DVDODUGDJHUHNVHJHOLúPHNWHRODQSL\DVDODUGDROGXNoDE\NER\XWODUD XODúPÕúWÕU 7UNL\H¶GH VRV\DO JYHQOLN VLVWHPLQLQ LoLQGH EXOXQGX÷X GXUXP EX DODQGD\HQLGHQ\DSÕODQGÕUPDDUD\ÕúODUÕQÕKÕ]ODQGÕUPÕúYHELUH\VHOHPHNOLOLNVLVWHPL (NLP WDULKLQGH IDDOL\HWH JHoPLúWLU %X oDOÕúPDGD ELUH\OHULQ ELUH\VHO emeklilik sistemine baNÕú DoÕODUÕ LOH ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQH JLULú NDUDUODUÕQÕ HWNLOH\HQIDNW|UOHUDQNHW\|QWHPLNXOODQÕODUDNDUDúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU Anahtar Kelimeler : g]HO(PHNOLOLN)RQODUÕ%LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN6LVWHPL. PRIVATE PENSION FUNDS AND A RESEARCH ON DETERMINING FACTORS AFFECTING THE ENTRY DECISIONS OF INDIVIDUAL’S INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM IN TURKEY. *. Prof. Dr., Kadir Has Üniversitesi, +XNXN)DNOWHVLg÷UHWLPh\HVLRUKDQVHQHU#NKDVHGXWU Yrd. Doç. Dr., Bilecik Üniversitesi, Bozüyük Meslek Yüksekokulu, faruk.akin@bilecik.edu.tr **. 291.

(2) 3URI'U2UKDQù(1(5 g÷U*|U)DUXN$.,1. Abstract Today, all social security systems, whether advanced/developed or developing, have faced with variety of problems. Crises experienced in the social security field in the world has revealed the need for reform and restructuring in the system. While private retirement funds arisen as a result of this restructuring have replaced the public retirement plans in some, in other countries on the other hand, they have complemented existing public retirement plans. Private pension funds that form the largest part within “Institutional Investor” concept has reached to large extends in both developed and developing markets. In Turkey available situation of the social security system has accelarated the restructuring opportunities in this area and private pension system became operational on October 27, 2003. In this study, individual’s perspectives of individual pension system and determinig factors affecting the entry decisions of individual pension system are investigated by using survey method. Key Words : Private Pension Funds , Individual Pension System. *LULú *HOLúPLú ONHOHUGHNL oD÷GDú HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPOHUL ¶ODUÕQ YH ,, 'Q\D 6DYDúÕ VRQUDVÕ LON RQ \ÕOOÕN G|QHPLQ HNRQRPLN VRV\DO YH SROLWLN úDUWODUÕQÕ \DQVÕWPDNWDGÕU 2 'Q\DGDNLoR÷XVRV\DOJYHQOLNVLVWHPOHri bir “pay as you go” (ya da PAYGO-'D÷ÕWÕP 0RGHOL

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(7) 20 000. 17 859. 18 000 14 926. 16 000. 16 572. 13 593. 14 000 10 680. 12 000. 9 890. 12 104. 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. Kaynak :OECD, Pension Markets in Focus , December 2008, Issue 5, s. 11.. (PHNOLOLN IRQODUÕQÕQ WRSODP \DWÕUÕPODUÕQÕQ \DQÕ VÕUD ONHOHULQ *6<ø+¶OHUL LoLQGHNL SD\ÕQÕ GLNNDWH DOPDNWD ID\GD YDUGÕU OECD ülkelerinde toplam emeklilik IRQ GH÷HUOHUL - \ÕOODUÕ DUDVÕQGD \ÕOOÕN RODUDN GD RUDQÕQGD DUWPÕúWÕU (PHNOLOLN IRQODUÕQGDNL DUWÕú (2001-2002 gerileyen pefrormans sebepli Gúú GÕúÕQGD

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(14) VDNODQPDNWDGÕU Ŷ(PHNOLOLN \DWÕUÕP IRQODUÕ 6HUPD\H 3L\DVDVÕ .DQXQXQD WDEL SRUWI|\ \|QHWLP úLUNHWOHUL WDUDIÕQGDQ X]PDQ HNLSOHUFH \|QHWLOPHNWHGLU .DWÕOÕPFÕODUÕQ VUHNOL ELOJLOHQGLULOPHVL YH úHIIDIOÕ÷ÕQ VD÷ODQPDVÕ LoLQ PHY]XDWWD \HU DODQ G]HQOHPHOHUH SDUDOHO(PHNOLOLNùLUNHWOHULQFHJHUHNOL|QOHPOHULQDOÕQPDVÕVD÷ODQPÕúWÕU Ŷ+D]LQH 0VWHúDUOÕ÷Õ 63. (*0 7DNDVEDQN ED÷ÕPVÕ] GHQHWLP úLUNHWOHUL YH Lo GHQHWLPRUJDQODUÕDUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\ODHWNLQJ|]HWLPYHGHQHWLPDOW\DSÕVÕROXúWXUXOPXúWXU Ŷ6LVWHPLQ KHU DúDPDVÕQGD NDWÕOÕPFÕODUD oHúLWOL VHoHQHNOHU VXQXODUDN \DWÕUÕPODUÕQ \|QOHQGLULOPHVLQGHWHUFLK\DSDELOPHOHULQHRODQDNVD÷ODQPDNWDGÕU Ŷ.DWNÕSD\Õ|GHPHELULNLPYHHPHNOLOL÷HKDNND]DQÕPDúDPDODUÕQGDYHUJLWHúYLNOHUL VD÷ODQPDNWDGÕU. %LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN6LVWHPLQLQ6HUPD\H3L\DVDODUÕQD(WNLOHUL 7UNL\H¶GH HPHNOLOLN \DWÕUÕP IRQODUÕQÕQ VHUPD\H SL\DVDODUÕQD HWNLOHULQGHQ LONL ELUH\VHO \DWÕUÕPODUÕQ D÷ÕUOÕNOÕ RODUDN NXUXPVDO \DWÕUÕPODUD G|QúPHVL RODFDNWÕU Bu G|QúP VRQ ]DPDQODUD NDGDU PHQNXO NÕ\PHW \DWÕUÕP IRQODUÕ DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD JHUoHNOHúWLULOPH\H oDOÕúÕOPDNOD EHUDEHU ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQLQ GHYUH\H JLUPHVL\OHELUOLNWH\HQLELUER\XWND]DQPÕúWÕU*HUHNVHUPD\HSL\DVDODUÕQÕQJHOLúLPL gerekse ekonomiye uzXQYDGHOLND\QDNVD÷OD\DUDNLVWLKGDPÕQDUWÕUÕOPDVÕYHLNWLVDGv E\PH\H NDWNÕGD EXOXQPDVÕ DoÕVÕQGDQ YDGH X]XQOX÷X - \ÕOD YDUDQ HPHNOLOLN IRQODUÕE\N|QHPWDúÕPDNWDGÕU 12. 11. EGM , %LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN6LVWHPL*HOLúLP5DSRUX , 2004 , s. 21-22. 1DJLKDQ 2NWD\HU YH $VXPDQ 2NWD\HU ³g]HO (PHNOLOLN )RQODUÕQÕQ )LQDQVDO 3L\DVDODUÕQ *HOLúLPLQH(WNLOHULÁfyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi øø%)'HUJLVL, C.IX.S.11, 2007, s. 7172. 12. 297.

(15) 3URI'U2UKDQù(1(5 g÷U*|U)DUXN$.,1. Grafik 4 : 7UNL\H¶GH(PHNOLOLN<DWÕUÕP)RQX9DUOÕNODUÕQÕQ*6<ø+øoLQGHNL2UDQÕ (%) 2 1,5 1 0,5 0. 1,2 0,39 2004. 0,67. 2005. 1,48. 0,75. 2006. 2007. 2008. (PHNOLOLN<DWÕUÕP)RQX9DUOÕNODUÕ*6<ø+. Kaynak:OECD (20.02.2010). Databases. http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode,. \ÕOÕ VRQXQGD HPHNOLOLN \DWÕUÕP IRQX YDUOÕNODUÕQÕQ *6<ø+¶QLQ ¶LQHXODúWÕ÷ÕJ|UOPHNWHGLU$QFDNEXRUDQHPHNOLOLN\DWÕUÕPIRQODUÕQÕQVHUPD\H SL\DVDODUÕQDHWNLHGHELOHFHN ELUH\VHO\DWÕUÕPODUÕQNXUXPVDO\DWÕUÕPODUDG|QúPHVLQL VD÷ODPDVÕDoÕVÕQGDQ

(16) \HWHUOLE\NO÷HXODúDPDGÕ÷ÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU 7UNL\H¶GH NXUXPVDO \DWÕUÕPFÕ RODUDN |]HO HPHNOLOLN IRQODUÕQÕQ VHUPD\H SL\DVDODUÕQD HWNLOHULQGHQ LNLQFLVL X]XQ YDGHOL IRQ ELULNLPL VD÷ODQPDVÕ VXUHWL\OH |]HOOLNOH VHUPD\H SL\DVDODUÕQÕQ GHULQOHúPHVLQH LPNân VD÷ODPDVÕGÕU 13 Kurumsal \DWÕUÕPFÕODU ROXúWXUGXNODUÕ X]XQ YDGHOL IRQODUÕ oHúLWOL \DWÕUÕPODUD \|QOHQGLULOHUHN HNRQRPL\H ND]DQGÕUPDNWDGÕUODU .XUXPVDO \DWÕUÕPFÕ VHNW|UQQ ROXúWXUGX÷X IRQODUÕQ KDQJL WU ILQDQVDO DUDoODUD \|QOHQGLULOGL÷L ILQDQVDO SL\DVDODUÕQ JHOLúLPL DoÕVÕQGDQ|QHPWDúÕPDNWDGÕU 14 7UNL\H¶GH$UDOÕNWDULKLLWLEDUÕ\ODHPHNOLOLN \DWÕUÕP IRQODUÕQÕQ SRUWI|\ GD÷ÕOÕPÕQD EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD WHPHO RODUDN \]GH RUDQÕQGD NDPX ERUoODQPD VHQHWOHUL \]GH RUDQÕQGD WHUV UHSR YH \]GH RUDQÕQGDKLVVHVHQHWOHULQH\DWÕUÕP\DSÕOGÕ÷ÕJ|UOPHNWHGLU 15. 3.2.7UNL\H¶GH %LUH\VHO (PHNOLOLN 6LVWHPLQLQ *HOLúLPLQH øOLúNLQ 7HPHO Göstergeler .DWÕOÕPFÕODUDøOLúNLQ*|VWHUJHOHU 'Q\D |UQHNOHUL LOH NÕ\DVODQGÕ÷ÕQGD ONHPL] LoLQ ROGXNoD \HQL ELU uygulama olan bireysel emeklilik sistemi, 27 Ekim 2003 tarihinde ilk emeklilik V|]OHúPHOHULQLQ VDWÕúÕ LOH UHVPHQ EDúODPÕúWÕU hONHPL] LoLQ ROGXNoD \HQL ELU X\JXODPD ROPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPL EDúODQJÕFÕQGDQ EX \DQD önemli bir yol NDWHWPLúWLU 31.12.2004 tarihinde 314. NLúLQLQ NDWÕOGÕ÷Õ ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQGH WDULKL LWLEDUL\OH NDWÕOÕPFÕ VD\ÕVÕQD XODúPÕúEXOXQPDNWDGÕU. 13. Oktayer, s. 72. øVUDILO =RU YH 6XSKL $VODQR÷OX ³.XUXPVDO <DWÕUÕPFÕ 2ODUDN g]HO (PHNOLOLN )RQODUÕ 7UNL\H¶GH2OXúWXUXODQ6LVWHPH<|QHOLN'H÷HUOHQGLUPHYH*HOHFH÷H<|QHOLN%LU7DKPLQ´ Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi , 2005, s. 187. 15 EGM, Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemi GelLúLP5DSRUX, 2008, s. 52. 14. 298.

(17) Grafik 5 : %LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN6LVWHPLQGH.DWÕOÕPFÕ6D\ÕVÕ 2.500.000 2.000.000 1.500.000 1.000.000 500.000 0. 1.745.354. 1.998.322. 2.028.431. 25.12.2009. 05.03.2010. 1.453.896 1.073.650 672.696 314.257. 31.12.2004. 31.12.2005. 31.12.2006. 28.12.2007. 31.12.2008. Kaynak :EGM, http://www.egm.org.tr/BESgostergeler.asp , (10.03.2010). )RQ%\NO÷QHøOLúNLQ*|VWHUJHOHU %LUH\VHOHPHNOLOLNVLVWHPLQLQONHPL]GHNLJHOLúLPLLOHLOJLOLELUGL÷HUWHPHO J|VWHUJH XODúÕODQ IRQ E\NO÷GU %LUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPL 05.03.2010 tarihi LWLEDUL\OHPLO\RQ7/¶OLNELUIRQE\NO÷QHXODúPÕúEXOXQPDNWDGÕU Grafik 6: %LUH\VHO (PHNOLOLN 6LVWHPLQGH <DWÕUÕPD <|QOHQGLULOHQ 7RSODP 7XWDU (Milyon TL) 9.000. 9.489. 25.12.2009. 05.03.2010. 10.000 6.372 4.554. 5.000. 2.814 1.078. 276. 0 31.12.2004. 31.12.2005. 31.12.2006. 28.12.2007. 31.12.2008. Kaynak:EGM, http://www.egm.org.tr/BESgostergeler.asp , (10.03.2010). %LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN$UDFÕODUÕQDøOLúNLQ*|VWHUJHOHU %LUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQLQ HPHNOLOLN úLUNHWOHUL DGÕQD WDQÕWÕP YH SD]DUODPDVÕQGDQ VRUXPOX RODQ ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN DUDFÕODUÕ VLVWHPLQ HQ |QHPli XQVXUODUÕQGDQELULGLUWDULKLLWLEDUL\OHELUH\VHOHPHNOLOLNDUDFÕVÕQÕQ IDDOL\HW J|VWHUGL÷L ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQGH WDULKL LWLEDUL\OH ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN DUDFÕVÕ IDDOL\HW J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %LUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN DUDFÕODUÕQÕQ VÕ QLYHUVLWH YH ]HUL X OLVH YH GHQJL RNXOODUÕ YH VL PHVOHN \NVHNRNXOODUÕQÕELWLUPLúWLU Grafik 7 : %LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN$UDFÕODUÕQDøOLúNLQ*|VWHUJHOHU 15.000 10.000 5.000 0. 13.226. Üniversite ve üzeri. 1.819. 992. Lise ve dengi okul. Meslek Yüksekokulu. Kaynak : EGM, http://www.egm.org.tr/BESgostergeler.asp , (10.03.2010) 299.

(18) 3URI'U2UKDQù(1(5 g÷U*|U)DUXN$.,1. 7UNL\H¶GH%LUH\OHULQ %LUH\VHO (PHNOLOLN 6LVWHPLQH *LULú .DUDUODUÕQÕ (WNLOH\HQ)DNW|UOHULQ%HOLUOHQPHVLh]HULQH%LU$UDúWÕUPD $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ.RQXVXYH<|QWHPL 6HUPD\H SL\DVDODUÕPÕ]GDNL HQ E\N VRUXQODUÕQGDQ ELUL DU] \|QQGH NXUXPVDO \DWÕUÕPFÕODUÕQ HNVLNOL÷LQH ED÷OÕ RODUDN YDGHQLQ NÕVDOÕ÷Õ LOH WDOHS \|QQGH +D]LQH¶QLQ \NVHN ERUoODQPD JHUH÷LGLU %LUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQGH \DUDWÕODFDN uzun vadeli fonlar ile kuUXPVDO \DWÕUÕPFÕODUÕQ PDOL SL\DVDODUGDNL SD\Õ DUWDFDN IRQODUÕQ YDGH \DSÕVÕ X]D\DFDNWÕU %LUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQLQ EX |QHPOL IRQNVL\RQODUÕ \HULQH JHWLUHELOPHVL NDWÕOÕPFÕ VD\ÕVÕ YH EXQD ED÷OÕ RODUDN IRQ E\NO÷QQDUWPDVÕLOHPPNQRODFDNWÕU. 4.1.1.$UDúWÕUPDQÕQ$PDFÕ <DSÕODQEXDUDúWÕUPDGDDPDo7UNL\HLoLQ\HQLELUX\JXODPDRODUDNNDEXO edilen bireysel emeklilik sistemi ile ilgili ELUH\OHULQELUH\VHOHPHNOLOLNVLVWHPLQHJLULú NDUDUODUÕQÕHWNLOH\HQIDNW|UOHULRUWD\DNR\PDNWDGÕU. $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ<|QWHPLYHgUQHNOHP%\NO÷QQ6DSWDQPDVÕ $UDúWÕUPDQÕQJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLQGHNDQWLWDWLIDUDúWÕUPD\|QWHPOHULQGHQ\] \]HDQNHW\|QWHPLX\JXODQPÕúWÕU$UDúWÕUPDLoLQDQNHW\|QWHPLQLQNXOODQÕOPDVÕ\OD oRNVD\ÕGDELUH\HHULúHELOPHNKHGHIOHQPLúWLU$UDúWÕUPD DQDNLWOHVLQLGH÷LúLNPHVOHN H÷LWLPYH\DúJUXSODUÕQÕQROXúWXUGX÷XGHQH÷H\DSÕOPÕúWÕU gUQHNOHPH E\NO÷Q EHOLUOHPHN LoLQ KHGHI NLWOHGHNL ELUH\ VD\ÕVÕ WDP olarak bilinmiyorsa n=t²pq / d² IRUPO NXOODQÕOÕU %X IRUPOGH Q |UQHNOHPH DOÕQDFDN ELUH\ VD\ÕVÕQÕ S LQFHOHQHQ ROD\ÕQ J|UOú VÕNOÕ÷ÕQÕ T LQFHOHQHQ ROD\ÕQ J|UOPH\Lú VÕNOÕ÷ÕQÕ W EHOLUOL ELU DQODPOÕOÕN G]H\LQGH W WDEORVXQD J|UH EXOXQDQ WHRULNGH÷HULYHGROD\ÕQJ|UOúVÕNOÕ÷ÕQDJ|UHNDEXOHGLOHQ- |UQHNOHPHKDWDVÕQÕ gösterir. ÖrQHNOHPH E\NO÷QQ EHOLUOHQPHVLQGH RUDQODUÕQ WDKPLQL GH÷HUOHULQH LKWL\Do YDUGÕU %X GH÷HUOHU |UQHNOHPLQ KRPRMHQ ROPDGÕ÷Õ oRN IDUNOÕ |]HOOLNOHU J|VWHUGL÷L GXUXPGD S T RODUDN DOÕQÕU <DSWÕ÷ÕPÕ] DQNHW oDOÕúPDVÕQGD |UQHNOHPHE\NO÷QJYHQLOLUOLNDUDOÕ÷ÕQGD|UQHNOHPHKDWDVÕLOHúX úHNLOGHKHVDSODUÕ] 16 n = (1.96)² . (0.5x0.5) / (0.05)² =384,16. $UDúWÕUPDGD.XOODQÕODQgOoHNYH$QDOL]OHU $QNHW |UQHNOHPH E\NO÷QGHQ KDUHNHWOH GHQH÷H X\JXODQPÕúWÕU $QNHW PDGGHOHUL oHúLWOL |OoHNOHUGH G]HQOHQPLú YH ELOJLQLQ GR÷UX DOÕQPDVÕQD oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU. 16 7UNHU%Dú$QNHW1DVÕO+D]ÕUODQÕU8\JXODQÕU'H÷HUOHQGLULOLU" EDVNÕ'HWD\ <D\ÕQFÕOÕNV-46.. 300.

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(23) 80. 61. 60 39. 40 20 0. .DGÕQ. Erkek. <Dú'D÷ÕOÕPÕ $UDúWÕUPD\D NDWÕODQODUÕQ ¶VÕQÕ - \Dú JUXEX ¶VLQL - \Dú grubu,% 22’sini 35- \Dú JUXEX ¶LQL - \Dú JUXEX YH ¶LQL \Dú YH ]HUL\DúJUXEXROXúWXUPXúWXU$UDúWÕUPD\DNDWÕODQODUÕQ¶LQLQ\DúÕQGDQNoN ROPDVÕYHE\NNÕVPÕQÕQ-\DúDUDOÕ÷ÕQGDEXOXQPDVÕELUH\VHOHPHNOLOLNVLVWHPL LoLQSRWDQVL\HOROXúWXUDQNHVLPLQEXOXQGX÷XQXJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU Grafik 9 : <Dú'D÷ÕOÕPÕ

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(26) 37. 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0. 28 16. 13 6 1. øON|÷UHWLP. Lise. Yüksekokul. Üniversite. Yüksek Lisans. Doktora. 4.2.1.4.Meslek Durumu $UDúWÕUPD\D NDWÕODQODUÕQ ¶L VHUEHVW PHVOHN ¶ DYXkat, % 9’u 0LPDU0KHQGLV¶VLGRNWRU¶VÕEDQNDFÕ¶LPHPXU¶X|÷UHWPHQ ¶PXKDVHEHFL¶LHPHNOL¶LLúoLYH¶VLHYKDQÕPÕGÕU Grafik 11 : Meslek Durumu (%) 25 21 20. 18 16. 15. 15. 5. 10. 9. 10 3. 4 2. 1. 2. 0. 2UWDODPD$\OÕN*HOLU $UDúWÕUPD\D NDWÕODQODUÕQ ¶VÕ - 7/ DUDVÕ JHOLUH VDKLSNHQ ¶VL 500-1000 TL, % 39’u 1000-1500 TL, % 10’u 1500-2000 TL, % 8’i 2000-2500 TL ve % 18’i 2.500 TL ve üzeri gelir elde etmektedir.. 303.

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(28) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0. 39. 20. 18 10. 6. 0-500 TL. 8. 500-1.000 TL 1.000-1.500 1.500-2.000 2.000-2.500 TL TL TL. 2.500+. $UDúWÕUPD\D.DWÕODQODUÕQ6RV\DO*YHQOLN'XUXPX 6RV\DO*YHQOLN.DSVDPÕ $UDúWÕUPD\D NDWÕODQODUÕQ ¶VL 66.¶\D ED÷OÕ LNHQ ¶ (PHNOL 6DQGÕ÷Õ¶QD ¶L %D÷-NXU¶D YH ¶L GH KHUKDQJL ELU VRV\DO JYHQOLN NXUXOXúXQD ED÷OÕGH÷LOGLU Grafik 13: Sosyal Güvenlik Durumu (%) 60. 57. 50 40 30. 24 18. 20 10. 1. 0 SSK. (PHNOL6DQGÕ÷Õ. %D÷-Kur. Herhangi Bir Sosyal Güvenlik .XUXOXúXQD%D÷OÕ 'H÷LOLP. 6RV\DO*YHQOLN5HIRUPODUÕQD*YHQ .DWÕOÕPFÕODUD VRV\DO JYHQOLN VLVWHPLQGH \DSÕODQ UHIRUP oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQ VLVWHPLQ VRUXQODUÕQD o|]P JHWLULS JHWLUPH\HFH÷L VRUXOPXúWXU .DWÕOÕPFÕODUÕQ ¶LQLQ VRV\DO JYHQOLN VLVWHPLQGH \DSÕODQ UHIRUP oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQ VLVWHPLQ VRUXQODUÕQD o|]P JHWLUPH\HFH÷LQL EHOLUWPHVL J|] DUGÕ HGLOPHPHVL JHUHNHQ ELU QRNWDGÕU 304.

(29) Grafik 14: 6RV\DO*YHQOLN5HIRUPODUÕQD*YHQ

(30) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0. 40 30. 15. 12 3. Kesinlikle 'úQP\RUXP 'úQP\RUXP. .DUDUVÕ]ÕP. 'úQ\RUXP. Kesinlikle 'úQ\RUXP. $UDúWÕUPD\D.DWÕODQODUÕQ7DVDUUXI$OÕúNDQOÕ÷Õ 4.2.3.1. Düzenli Tasarruf $OÕúNDQOÕ÷Õ .DWÕOÕPFÕODUD WDVDUUXI DOÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕ |OoPHN DPDFÕ\OD KHU D\ G]HQOL WDVDUUXI \DSÕS \DSPDGÕNODUÕ VRUXOPXúWXU .DWÕOÕPFÕODUÕQ ¶LQLQ KHU D\ G]HQOL RODUDN WDVDUUXIWD EXOXQGXNODUÕQÕ EHOLUWPHVL J|]DUGÕ HGLOPHPHVL JHUHNHQ ELU QRNWDGÕU Grafik 15: 7DVDUUXI$OÕúNDQOÕ÷Õ

(31) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0. 59 41. Evet. +D\ÕU. 7DVDUUXIODUÕQ'H÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL .DWÕOÕPFÕODUDWDVDUUXIODUÕQÕQDVÕOGH÷HUOHQGLUGLNOHULVRUXOPXúNDWÕOÕPFÕODUÕQ ¶VL WDVDUUXIODUÕQÕ <7/ PHYGXDWÕ ¶L DOWÕQ ¶VL G|YL] ¶L NHQGL LúL ¶X KD]LQH ERQRVXGHYOHW WDKYLOL ¶VÕ JD\ULPHQNXO YH NDODQ ¶L LVH KLVVH VHQHGLQGHGH÷HUOHQGLUGL÷LQLEHOLUWPLúWLU Grafik 16: 7DVDUUXIODUÕQ'H÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL

(32) . 305.

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(34) 100. 88. 80 60 40 12. 20 0 Evet. +D\ÕU. %LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN6LVWHPLQH*LULú.DUDUÕQÕ(WNLOH\HQFaktörlerin øQFHOHQPHVL %LUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQH JLULú NDUDUÕQÕ HWNLOH\HQ IDNW|UOHU H÷LWLP GXUXPX JHOLU G]H\L YH ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLWHPLQLQ EHNOHQWLOHUL NDUúÕOD\DELOPH 306.

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(38). 111,766(a). 40. ,000. 123,446 ,274 400. 40 1. ,000 ,601. 307.

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(40) DQODPOÕOÕN G]H\LQGHQ NoN ROGX÷X LoLQ +R KLSRWH]L UHG HGLOLU YH H÷LWLP G]H\LQLQ ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLNVLVWHPLQHJLULúNDUDUÕQÕHWNLOHGL÷LVRQXFXQDXODúÕOÕU (÷LWLP G]H\LQLQ ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQH JLULú NDUDUÕQÕ KDQJL ER\XWWD HWNLOHGL÷LLQFHOHQGL÷LQGHDúD÷ÕGDNLVRQXoODUHOGHHGLOLU $QNHWH NDWÕOÕS VRUXODUD FHYDS YHUHQ GHQH÷LQ ¶L LON|÷UHWLP ¶OLVH¶L\NVHNRNXO¶LQLYHUVLWH¶VÕ\NVHNOLVDQVYH¶L GRNWRUD PH]XQGXU $\UÕFD ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQH NHVLQOLNOH GDKLO ROPDN LVWHPH\HQOHULQ RUDQÕ NDUDUVÕ]ODUÕQ RUDQÕ 42,8, kesinlikle dahil olmak LVWHPH\HQOHULQRUDQÕúXDQGDVLVWHPHGDKLORODQODUÕQRUDQÕYHVLVWHPH GDKLOROXSGDKDVRQUDVLVWHPGHQD\UÕODQODUÕQRUDQÕLVH¶GLU øQFHOHPHVRQXFXQGDQLYHUVLWHYH|QFHVLH÷LWLPHVDKLSELUH\OHULQJHQHOOLNOH ELUH\VHOHPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQHGDKLOROPDNLVWHPHGLNOHUL \DGDEX NRQXGD NDUDUVÕ]OÕN \DúDGÕNODUÕ J|]OHQPHNWHGLU <NVHN OLVDQV YH GRNWRUD H÷LWLPLQH VDKLS ELUH\OHULQ JHQHO H÷LOLPOHULQLQ VLVWHPH GDKLO ROPDN \|QQGH ROGX÷X J|]OHQPHNWHGLU %X GXUXPGD H÷LWLPLQ |]HOOLNOH VW GXUXPODUD oÕNPDVÕ ELUH\VHO HPHNOLOLN VLVWHPLQH NDWÕOÕPÕROXPOX\|QGHHWNLOHGL÷LVRQXFXQDXODúÕOÕU Tablo 3 : (÷LWLP']H\LøOH %LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN6LVWHPLQH *LULú.DUDUÕ $UDVÕQGDNL øOLúNL. Pearson Ki-.DUH'H÷HUL 2ODVÕOÕN2UDQÕ'H÷HUL 'R÷UXVDOøOLúNL'H÷HUL *HoHUOLJ|]OHPVD\ÕVÕ 1

(41). 308. 'H÷HU 65,068(a) 72,206 4,284 400. Serbestlik derecesi 20 20 1. $QODPOÕOÕNG]H\L dLIWWDUDIOÕ

(42) ,000 ,000 ,038.

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(45). Serbestlik derecesi. $QODPOÕOÕNG]H\L dLIWWDUDIOÕ

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(49) 3URI'U2UKDQù(1(5 g÷U*|U)DUXN$.,1. Kaynakça $/ + ³g]HO (PHNOLOLN )RQODUÕ YH $%' 8\JXODPDVÕ´ Active Finans Dergisi 2002. ALGÜNER, A. , .XUXPVDO<DWÕUÕPFÕODU)LQDQVDO3L\DVDODUD(WNLOHULYH7UNL\H gUQH÷L <D\ÕQ1R63. %$ù 7 $QNHW 1DVÕO +D]ÕUODQÕU 8\JXODQÕU 'H÷HUOHQGLULOLU " %DVNÕ 'HWD\ <D\ÕQFÕOÕN '$/ö$5 + .XUXPVDO <DWÕUÕPFÕODU 2ODUDN (PHNOLOLN <DWÕUÕP )RQODUÕ YH 3HUIRUPDQVODUÕQÕQ'H÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL <D\ÕQ1R7%% '(5(/ø2ö/8 ' g]HO (PHNOLOLN )RQX 8\JXODPDODUÕ 7h*ø$' (NRQRPL gGOOHUL.LWDSODUÕ– 1 , 2001. EGM , %LUH\VHO(PHNOLOLN6LVWHPL*HOLúLP5DSRUX , 2004. EGM, Bireysel Emeklilik 6LVWHPL*HOLúLP5DSRUX, 2008. EGM, http://www.egm.org.tr/BESgostergeler.asp , (10.03.2010). ERGENEKON, Ç. , g]HO(PHNOLOLN)RQODUÕùLOLgUQH÷LQGHQ$OÕQDFDN'HUVOHU ø0.%<D\ÕQODUÕ .$/$<&, ù 6366 8\JXODPDOÕ dRN 'H÷LúNHQOL øVWDWLVWLNVHO 7HNQLNOHU, Asil <D\ÕQ'D÷ÕWÕP/WGùWLøVWDQEXO LINBECK, A. , “Pensions and Contemporary Socieconomic Change” , The Research Institute Of Industrial Economics, 2002. OKTAYER, N. , OKTAYER, A. , “Özel (PHNOLOLN)RQODUÕQÕQ)LQDQVDO3L\DVDODUÕQ *HOLúLPLQH (WNLOHUL´ $I\RQ .RFDWHSH hQLYHUVLWHVL øø%) 'HUJLVL , C.IX.S.11 , 2007. OECD, Pension Markets In Focus, October 2006, Issue 3, (20.02.2010). OECD, Pension Markets in Focus, December 2008, Issue 5, (15.03.2010). OECD, Pension Markets in Focus, October 2009, Issue 6, (25.04.2010). TUNAY, B. , )LQDQVDO 6LVWHP <DSÕVÕ øúOH\LúL <|QHWLPL YH (NRQRPLVL, Birsen <D\ÕQHYL GUERARD, Y. ; JENKINS, G. , “Building Private Pension Systems : Center for Economic Growth” , Harvard Institute for International Development , 1993. =25ø$6/$12ö/86³.XUXPVDO<DWÕUÕPFÕ2ODUDNg]HO(PHNOLOLN)RQODUÕ 7UNL\H¶GH 2OXúWXUXODQ 6LVWHPH <|QHOLN 'H÷HUOHQGLUPH YH *HOHFH÷H Yönelik Bir Tahmin” , Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi 6D\Õ1LVDQ 2005.. 312.

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