Kezer çayı’nın hidroelektrik enerji potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi

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mühendislikdergisi

Cilt: 3-9

Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi

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Kezer River hydroelectric energy

potential evaluation

Extended abstract

Energy plays a vital role in the socio-economic development and in raising the standard of living. Turkey is a rapidly growing country where both its population and economy are expanding each year, resulting in a corresponding increase in its energy demand. This increasing demand has to be met to keep a sustainable development in the economy and to raise the living conditions of the people. Although Turkey has many energy sources, it is a big energy importer. Turkey has a lot of potential to supply its own energy, which could be harnessed in order to avoid this energy dependency.

Small, mini and micro-hydro plants (usually defined as plants less than 10 MW, 2 MW and 100 kW, respectively) play a key role in many countries for rural electrification. Small scale K\GUR LV PDLQO\ µUXQ RI ULYHU¶ VR GRHV QRW involve the construction of large dams and reservoirs. Therefore there have been minimal and ignorable environmental problems with small scaled hydro plants in comparison with those of HEPs with large dams. In medium head (5m< head< 15 m) or high head (head >15 m) installations, water is carried to the forebay by a small canal. Low head installations (head <5m) generally involve water entering the turbine almost directly from the weir. Small hydro technology is extremely robust (systems can last for 50 years or more with little maintenance) and also has the capacity to make a more immediate impact on the replacement of fossil fuels because unlike other sources of renewable energy. It can generally produce some electricity on demand with no need for storage or backup systems. Turkey has a mountainous landscape with an average elevation of 1132 m that is about three

times higher than the European average. This topography favors the formation of high gradient mountain streams which are suitable locations for SHEP development.

Investments of Hydroelectric Power Plants have been grown up and our country has become like a construction site by entering into force of the law concerning the transfer of the right of water use in Turkey since 2001. This situation has increased the importance of planning and arousing interest of academic levels of Hydroelectric Power Plant. In this study, a concrete example of a not accumulated hydroelectric facility planning is discussed by aiming of consideration of Kezer River hydroelectric energy potential. In this context, first the importance of Hydroelectric Power Plants in Turkey's energy policy is mentioned. Topographic, geographic, social and cultural aspects of the project site are considered in material and methods section of the thesis that is subject to Kezer River drainage area, fed by the waters and the river attended. Benefiting from the records of the flow rate and flow gauging stations, flow duration curve was created and the water flow rate was found. Sediment pool, a transmission channel, penstock pipe by calculating the sum of local and frictional losses, net head found. Installed power and energy values of the total annual flow have been calculated using discharge, net head and turbine efficiency. Finally, in order to determine the capacity of the regulator spillway flood calculations were made with the help of regional flood frequency analysis method.

Keywords: Energy, Renewable energy, The Regulator (binding), hydroelectric power plants, Kezer River

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(8)

Su Debisinin Tesbiti

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3URMH \HUL \DNÕQÕQGDNL 7DWYDQ Devlet Meteoroloji østasyonu '0ø¶QGD \DSÕODQ \D÷Õú ND\ÕWODUÕ Tablo 4¶GH YHULOPLúWLU <ÕOOÕN WRSODP \D÷Õú 2 mm GLU 7DWYDQ '0ø¶\H DLW D\OÕN RUWDODPD\D÷ÕúGH÷HUOHULQHEDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDHQID]OD \D÷ÕúÕQ nisan D\ÕQGD ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU

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Mevsimler Aylar Ortalama <D÷ÕúPP Toplam <D÷ÕúD 2UDQÕ .Õú $UDOÕN 83.7 253 10.3 31.1 Ocak 75.8 9.31 ùXEDW 93.8 11.5 øONEDKDU Mart 109.3 325 13.4 39.9 Nisan 127.0 15.6 0D\ÕV 88.6 10.9 Yaz Haziran 26.6 40.1 3.27 4.93 Temuz 7.5 0.91 $÷XVWRV 6.0 0.74 Sonbahar (\OO 18.0 196 2.21 24.1 Ekim 76.2 9.36 .DVÕP 101.8 12.5 Toplam 814.2 814 100 100

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.H]HU dD\Õ ]HULQGH P WDOYHJ NRWXQGD WHVLV HGLOPHVL SODQODQDQ .H]HU 5HJODW|U \HUL JQON RUWDODPD DNÕPODUÕQÕQ KHVDEÕQGD (ø( $*ø¶QLQ JQON DNÕP ND\ÕWODUÕ NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU%X$*ø¶QLQ - \ÕOODUÕQÕ NDSVD\DQ \ÕOOÕN G|QHPH DLW ND\GHGLOPLú JQON RUWDODPD GHELOHUL D\OÕN YH \ÕOOÕN ortalama debileri ùHNLO 7 YH ùHNLO 8), D\OÕN YH \ÕOOÕN WRSODP DNÕPODUÕ ùHNLO 9 YH ùHNLO 10) NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU. %XQD J|UH (ø( $*ø¶QLQ \ÕOOÕNRUWDODPDGHELVLP3_{V\ÕOOÕN ortalama}

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QSantral=(ASantral/A$*ø)2/3xQ$*ø (5)

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(14)

7DEOR%7)$VRQXoODUÕ Tekerrür <ÕOÕ Santral yeri (m3_/s) 5HJODW|U<HUL _(m3_/s) 2 328.98 307.84 2.33 345.68 323.47 5 480.81 449.91 10 574.64 537.71 25 687.98 643.77 50 769.24 719.8 100 848.13 793.62 500 1022.31 956.61

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Kaynaklar

%DNÕú 5 Bilgin, M. Tuncan, A. ve Altan, M., (2009). Porsuk hDY]DVÕQGDNL çok aPDoOÕ barajlardan elektrik UHWLPLQLQ DUDúWÕUÕOPDVÕ (VNLúHKLU 2VPDQJD]L hQLYHUVLWHVL, 0KHQGLVOLN MimDUOÕN)DNOWHVL'HUJLVL, 22, 2,

%D\D]ÕW 0 $YFÕ ø YH ùHQ = +LGURORML 8\JXODPDODUÕ %LUVHQ \D\ÕQHYL <D\ÕQ 1R, 1-øVWDQEXO

%HUNQ 0 6X .D\QDNODUÕ 0KHQGLVOL÷L %LUVHQ <D\ÕQHYL <D\ÕQ 1R, 302-306, øVWDQEXO

Bulu, A.,;2011). Hidroelektrik VDQWUDOOHULQ|QHPLYH gHUHNOLOL÷L͕'6ø7HNQLN%OWHQ110͕1-4 BuWWDQUÕ%7UNL\H¶GHNüçük hidroelektrik

VDQWUDOOHULQ WDULKVHO JHOLúLPL YH EXJQN Gurum, <NVHN/LVDQV7H]LøVWDQEXO7HNQLNhQLYHUVLWHVL øVWDQEXO

Erdem, M., (2006).oNKLGURHOHNWULNVDQWUDOOHULQ tDVDUÕP|OoWOHUL<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L3DPXNNDOH hQLYHUVLWHVL'HQL]OL

Gizbili, M., (1995). Hidroloji. Bi]LP%UR%DVÕPHYL, Sayfa: 262, Ankara.

Kaygusuz, K., (2004). Hydropower and the :RUOG¶V HQHUJ\ Iuture, Energy Sources 26, 215-224

Paish, O., (2002). Small hydro power: technology and current status, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6 (6), 537–556.

Punys, P., (2004). Small hydro power in the New EU Member States, Hidroenergia 04.Falkenberg, Sweden.

Serencam, U., (2007). 'R÷XNDUDGHQL]E|OJHVLQGHNL NoN DNDUVXODUÕQ Kidroelektrik potansiyellerinin analizi, <NVHN/LVDQV7H]L 6DNDU\DhQLYHUVLWHVL $GDSD]DUÕ.

<NVHNg.|PUF0ø<NVHOøYH Kaygusuz, K., (2006) +LGURHQHUMLQLQ 7UNL\H¶QLQ HQHUML LKWL\DFÕQÕ NDUúÕODPDGDNL URO Enerji Policy 34, 3093-3103.