View of User Experience on Izakat Kedah Mobile Application: The Zakat Payers’ Perspective

User Experience on Izakat Kedah Mobile Application: The Zakat Payers’ Perspective

1,4

School of Multimedia Technology and Communication, College Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

2_{Department of Research and Industrial Linkages, UniversitiTeknologi MARA Terengganu, Malaysia} 3_{Islamic Business School, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia}

co.azizah@uum.edu.my1,nurulnadwan@uitm.edu.my2

Article History: Received: 10 November 2020; Revised: 12 January 2021; Accepted: 27January 2021; Published online: 05April 2021

Abstract:This paper reports an ongoing project related to the development of iZakatKedah mobile application. The

developed prototype has been evaluated through expert review method. The results of the expert evaluation have been reported in the previous paper. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to test the user experience of iZakatKedah mobile application to the zakat payers in terms of user usefulness, ease of use, and ease of learning. There are 31 of zakat payers from Kedah State, Malaysia involves in the user experienceexperiment. Upon utilizes the iZakatKedah mobile application, a set of user experience questionnaires has been distributed to the respondents. The collected data were analyzed and presented in the form of descriptive statistics. The results reveal that most of the respondents agreed thatthe iZakatKedah mobile applicationis useful, easy to use, easy to learn, and overall, they are satisfied.

Keywords:Mobile Interaction, Interaction Design, Mobile Application, Zakat, Expert Review, User Experience

1. Introduction

As stated in the Quran and Sunnah zakat could generate the economy of the country. It is compulsory to Muslims for those who have the capability to perform the zakat (Muhammad et al, 2019; Ghazali et al 2016). It is applied to all types of income source including monthly salary, or wages earned from the serviceUmmah (MohdAdib et al. 2019; Muhammad et al, 2016; Zainal et al. 2016). Unfortunately, initial study that has been carried out indicates that most of the general people particularly Muslims still lack of knowledge regarding the understanding on the concept of zakat and the calculation of zakat(Hairunnizamwahid et al, 2007;Muhammad et al, 2019; Razali et al, 2007). Due to that, most of them skip to perform the zakat every year. This include professionals from high income company. In addition, comparative analysis of the previous developed applications also indicates that the existing application contains less appropriate content and zakat information including the method of zakat calculation. It was insufficiently explored.

Thus, to overcome the problem and to fulfil the research gap this study proposed a mobile application called iZakat Kedah mobile application. It has been developed by utilizing the ADDIE Model and evaluated through expert review method. The details explanation related to the development of iZakat Kedah mobile application has were discussed in the next section.

2. Design and Development of Izakat Kedah Mobile Application

The iZakat Kedah mobile application has been developed by utilizing the Android Studio, Komodo, Website X5 Professional, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Flash with Action Script 3.0. The content of the iZakat Kedah mobile application was developed based on the Unicode Consortium Guidelines. Multimedia elements which are text, graphics, and images were integrated in the user interface of iZakat Kedah mobile application. The ADDIE Model which consists of five main phases; (i) analyse, (ii) design, (iii) develop, (iv) implementation, and (v) evaluation has been utilized in the development of the proposed application. Table 1 tabulated the matrix analysis table of existing zakat mobile applications in action to extract the main components of iZakat Kedah mobile application.

Figure 1. Main menu pageFigure 2. Zakat calculation page

Figure5.Zakat reportFigure 6. Latest zakat information

Figure 11.Research activities of the study

This study has been conducted in two phases which are in phase one is the user experience experiment of iZakat Kedah mobile application. They are 32 of zakat payers involves in the experiment. During the experiment, the iZakat Kedah mobile applicationhas been played to the respondents. They are given 30 minutes to freely use and explore the iZakat Kedah mobile application. Then, a set of user experience questionnaires has been distributed to them. The user experience questionnaire contains 34 statements. The questionnaire Likert Scale is ranging from 1 for strongly disagree, 2 for disagree, 3 for neutral, 4 for agree and 5 for strongly agree. One week is given to respondents to complete answer the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by utilizing the parametric statistical method.

4. Finding and Discussion

The user experience testing has been conducted in terms of use usefulness, ease of use, and ease of learning. The results of the user experience testing were discussed on the next subsection.

5. Demographic profile

There are 31 respondents involves in the study. They are selected based on quasi-experimental method. Majority of them are workers at Kedah Statewhich are 56.3% of the respondents are from government sector and 31.3% are self-employed. It is reported that 11 of the respondents are females and the remaining of them are males. Majority of the respondents are in the range of 40 to 44 years old and nine of the respondents are 45 to 49 years old. Meanwhile, five of the respondents are around 20 to 24 years old, three of them are around 35 to 39 and four of them are 50 years old and above. Lastly, they are only one respondent in the of age 30 to 34 years old. Figure 12illustrates the percentage of demographic profile of the respondents based on age.

Figure 12. Respondents demographic 6. User usefulness

In terms of user usefulness, eight questions have been asked. There are as listed in Table 2. Table 2. List of questions in terms of user usefulness

No. Questions

Q1 The effectiveness of the iZakat Kedah mobile application Q2 The usefulness of iZakat Kedah mobile application

Q3 The interesting features of the iZakat Kedah mobile application Q4 Time saving of iZakat Kedah mobile application

Q5 The iZakat Kedah mobile application fulfill the user needs Q6 The iZakat Kedah mobile application meet their expectation Q7 The iZakat Kedah mobile application provides useful information Q8 The calculation of iZakat Kedah mobile application is easy to understand

Based on the gathered results, it was reported that 71.9% of the respondents are strongly agreed regarding the effectiveness of the iZakat Kedah mobile application, meanwhile 28.1% of them are strongly agreed (Q1). For the next question (Q2), it was found that 71.9% if the respondents are strongly agreed that iZakat Kedah mobile application is useful to them. Meanwhile, 28.1% were agreed. Then, regarding the interesting features of the iZakat Kedah mobile application (Q3) the results indicates that 84.4% were strongly agreed then the remaining 15.6% were agreed. For Q4, it was found that 68.8% of the respondents were strongly agreed and the remaining 31.3% were agreed. Figure 13 demonstrates the result in the form of bar chart. Questions 5 (Q5) indicates that 68.8% of the respondents were strongly agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application able to fulfill the user needs. Meanwhile, the remaining of the respondents were agreed.

Next (Q6), there are 67.7%strongly agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application successfully meet their expectations. Meanwhile, 32.3% of them were agreed. Then, for Q7 there are 70% of the respondents were strongly agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application provides useful information to them. Meanwhile, the remaining 30% were agreed. For the last question (Q8), it was found that 67.7% of the respondents were strongly agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application is easy to understand and 32.3% of them were agreed. Figure 13 and Figure 14 demonstrates the results in bar chart. Overall, it was reported that the user experience experiment provides the positive feedbacks regarding the usefulness of the iZakat Kedah mobile application.

Figure 13. User Usefulness

Figure14. User Usefulness 7. Ease of Use

In terms of ease of use, there nine questions have been constructed as listed in Table 3. No. Questions

Q1 The iZakat Kedah mobile application is easy to use Q2 The iZakat Kedah mobile application is simple to use Q3 The iZakat Kedah mobile application is user friendly

Q4 The iZakat Kedah mobile application provides flexible interaction Q5 The iZakat Kedah mobile application is consistent

Q6 I like the iZakat Kedah mobile application

Q7 The iZakat Kedah mobile application is able to recover the mistakes quickly and easily Q8 The iZakat Kedah mobile application is able to use at any time

Q9 The calculation of iZakat Kedah mobile application is easy to use

For Q1, there are 75% of the respondents were strongly agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application is easy to use. For Q2, 81.3%.werestrongly agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application is simple to use. Then, 78.1% of the respondents were strongly agreed for Q3. Meanwhile, there are 65.6%. were strongly agreed for Q4. The study also found that, 78.1% of the respondents were strongly agreed for Q5. Then, for Q6 there are 62.5% were strongly agreed, 34.4% were agreed and 3.1% results neutral. Next, for Q6 there are 68.8% were strongly agreed and the remaining 31.3% were agreed. For the third last question (Q7) there are 74.2% were strongly agreed with that able to recover the mistakes quickly and easily. For the second last question (Q8) also,74.2% were strongly agreed the iZakat Kedah mobile application is able to use at any time. Lastly, for question (Q8), the result shows that 75% of the respondents were strongly agreed that the calculation of iZakat Kedah mobile application is easy to use. Overall, Figure 15 and Figure 16indicates that the iZakat Kedah mobile

Figure 15.Ease of Use

Figure 16. Ease of Use 8. Ease of Learning

There are five questions has been constructed in terms of ease of learning. There are listed Table 4. Table 4. Questions of ease of learning

No. Questions

Q1 Able to use the iZakat Kedah mobile application quickly

Q2 The use of the iZakat Kedah mobile application is easily remember Q3 The iZakat Kedah mobile application is easy to learn

Q4 The information provided in iZakat Kedah mobile application is knowledgeable Q5 The interaction design of iZakat Kedah mobile application is clear and understandable

For Q1, it was found that 87.5% of the respondents were strongly agreed that they are able to learn to use the iZakat Kedah mobile application quickly. Next, Q2 there are 81.3% of respondents were strongly agreed that they are easy to remember on how to use the iZakat Kedah mobile application. Then, Q3 indicates that 78.1% of the respondents strongly agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application is easy to learn. Next, Q4 resulted that 65.6% of the respondents were agreed that the information provided in iZakat Kedah mobile application is

9. Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has successfully achieved the main objective which is to test the iZakat Kedah mobile application to the actual users. User experience testing has been conducted to gather the results. There are 31 respondents involves in the experiment of user experience. Overall, most of the respondents were strongly agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application is useful, easy to use, and easy to learn. Future work of the study is to test the user satisfaction of iZakat Kedah mobile application.

10. Acknowledgements

The special recognition goes to the Center of Research and Innovation Management (RMIC), Universiti Utara Malaysia for the funding provided to this study through the University Grant Scheme. In addition, thank you to the FRGS-RACER grant scheme provided by Ministry of Education, Malaysia for the technical support

(SO Code 14434). Also, to our research assistant Muhammad

NurasyrafMohdShaharAffendiandInasNurshazdweeni Ibrahim for their contribution in designing and developing the iZakat Kedah mobile application as well as special thank you to all the experts who provides the valuable comments to this study.

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