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Production and Testing of TL Dosimeters as an Ionizing Radiation Sensor

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TL dose response Attribute different doses to the material and subsequently plot either the integrated intensity or the TL peak’s maximum intensity versus Dose....

In order to find the relationship of economic-related parameters in the group of selected ASEAN countries, panel regression is used. There are 24 periods and

Editör ve yardimcilarinin gerçek görevleri dergiye gönderilen yazilarin bilimsel agirliklarini incelemek, uygun danismanlari seçmek, bilimsel indexlere girmek için gerekli

a) Taner Akçam, Abidin Nesimi’nin hatıratında geçen “yağma ve talanı gerçekleştirmeye muhalefet edecek kadronun tasfiyesi kaçınılmazdı” cümle- sini

99年萬芳醫院歡慶88節系列活動

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Ancak,

For the 282 eyes with a KA magnitude exceeding 1.0 D (that are candidates for intraoperative correction of a preexisting astigmatism during cataract surgery), 29 eyes (10.3%)