Başlık: COMPARATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY IN COWS BY RECTAL PALPATION AND VAGINAL INSPECTIONYazar(lar):KILIÇOĞLU, S. ÇetinCilt: 18 Sayı: 3.4 DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000001621 Yayın Tarihi: 1971 PDF

A.

O.

Veteriner Fakültesi Doğum B. ve linekoloji Kürsüsü Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Erk

COMPARA TIVE DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY IN COWS BY RECTAL PALPATION AND VAGINAL

INSPECTION Çetin KıIıçoğlu*

The aim of this investigation was to determine the best method for diagnosing pregnancy at different stages of gcstation.

The literature concerning the genital organs of the cow and the techniques of rectal palpation and vaginal inspection are briefly revi-ewed (Chapter i).

The survey of material briefly describes the brecds an the num-ber of animals uscd in this investigation (Table I).

500 cows were testcd in this study. Rectal examinations and va-ginal inspections for advancing pregnancies were carricd out every month. The cows were chosen from the State Farms (Çifteler, Konya, Lalahan). The limits of pregnancies in these cows were between 32 days and 292 days.

Asymmetry and fluctuation as fdt by rectal palpation were the first symptoms to be found in early pregnancies. In two of the six preg-nancies diagnosed before the 45th day it was possible to detect these symptoms. The earliest detection using these symptoms was on the 37th day.

Detection of fetal membrane slip has proved to be a reliable symp-tom for diagnosing pregnancy on the 32 nd day following conception.

Palpation of the ovaries during pregnancy could be done until the i i5th day of gestation. In 500 pregnant cows only in one case did

the corpus luteum occur on the left ovary and the fetus İn the right

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Comparative Diagnosis of Pregnancy 433 7 ID 18 24 7 73 21 5.0 IDI 118

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Feeling the fetus itsclf was the most reliable sign of pregnaney. Pressing the palm of the hand over the enlarged uterus sets the fetal fluids in motion and results in a rebound of the fetus against the hand. After the 6 ıst day of eoneeption the fetal bump can be fdt through reetal palpation.

Cotyledons were the most aeeesible positive eharaeteristies of pregnaney durig the two last trimesters of the gestation period. The sizes of the eotyledons as observed at different stages of pregnaney are given below:

From goth day to i i5th day as big as a hazelnut

From i i5th day to i55th day as big as a sm all walnut

From 155th day to 2ıoth day as big as a large walnut From 2ıoth day to parturition as big as a small apple Hypertrophy and Fremitus of the middle uterine ar tery were eonfırmatory signs of pregnaney. Fremitus was around go days after eonseption. Between i20 to 180 days it was sometimes not pereeptible

434 Çetin Kılıçoğlu

The fetus eould be easily palpated during the deseending and aseending phases. The most diffieult period for deteetion of the fetus by palpation was from 6th to the 7th month of gestation.

Vaginal inspeetion was earricd out simultaneously with reetaI palpation. In vaginal inspcetion, four symptoms were taken into eon-sideration.

a) Appeareanee of the gelatinous plug of eervix uteri: This was oeeasional1y obscrved around the i08th day of pregnaney; it was

of eommon oeeurrenee after the i i7th day, while after the i74th day

the ecrvix was eovered with a gelatinous plug.

b) Direetion of u teral orifiee: it was established that in early preg-naneies the direction \Vas eaudal, after 94 days partly dorso-eaudal; and after 159 days eompletely dorsa!.

c) Protrusion of pOl"tio vaginalis: In early pregnaneies it was very pronounecd. Between the iıoth and 150th days it was pulled

to the base of vagina and it was stilI pronouneed. From the i50th to ;

the 220th day it was eomplctcly fiat.

d) Microseopie examination of the mueus from eervix: At the mieroseopie examination of the mueus removed from the eervix we obtained rather good diagnostie results (93.7 per cent eorreet diagnoses in 80 eows) by notieing erystal1ization pattern.

The diffieulty of obtaining mueus from the cervix and the neees-sity of using a sterilc speeulum for eaeh examination renders this test impraetieal for routine field examinations.