• Sonuç bulunamadı

Başlık: İlk ikamet elçilerinin halefleri Rum maslahatgüzarlar : (1800-1821) Yazar(lar):Cilt: 38 Sayı: 65 Sayfa: 251-278 Yayın Tarihi: 2019 PDF

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Başlık: İlk ikamet elçilerinin halefleri Rum maslahatgüzarlar : (1800-1821) Yazar(lar):Cilt: 38 Sayı: 65 Sayfa: 251-278 Yayın Tarihi: 2019 PDF"

Copied!
28
0
0

Yükleniyor.... (view fulltext now)

Tam metin

(1)TAD, C.38/S. 65, 2019, 251-278. ø/.ø.$0(7(/dø/(5ø1ø1+$/()/(5ø580 0$6/$+$7*h=$5/$5 -

(2)  GREEK CHARGE D’AFFAIRES, THE SUCCESSORS OF THE FIRST RESIDENCE AMBASSADORS (1800-1821)  0XVD.,/,d * . 0DNDOH%LOJLVL %DúYXUX : $÷XVWRV .DEXO ùXEDW9. $UWLFOH,QIR 5HFHLYHG : $XJXVW $FFHSWHG : )HEUXDU\. Özet 0RGHUQ 2VPDQOÕ 'LSORPDVL WDULKLQGH LON LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHUL G|QHPL |QHPOLG|QPQRNWDODUÕQGDQELULRODUDNJ|UOPHNWHGLU2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQ LONLNDPHWHOoLOL÷L \ÕOÕQGD/RQGUD¶GD IDDOL\HWHJHoWL YHDUGÕQGDQ9L\DQD 3DULV YH %HUOLQ¶GH GH WHPVLOFLOLNOHU DoÕOGÕ )DNDW NÕVD ELU VUH VRQUD 0VOPDQHOoLOHULQ\HULQH2VPDQOÕHOoLOLNOHULQGHJ|UHY\DSDQ)HQHUOLRum WHUFPDQODUÕQPDVODKDWJ]DURODUDNDWDQPDVÕQDNDUDUYHULOGLøON DWDPDODU \ÕOÕQGD JHUoHNOHúWL¶GHQLWLEDUHQ$YUXSDEDúNHQWOHULQGHNL2VPDQOÕ GDLPL WHPVLOFLOLNOHUL WDPDPHQ 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODUD HPDQHW HGLOGL Rum maslDKDWJ]DUODU 1DSRO\RQ6DYDúODUÕLOH$YUXSD¶GDVUHNOLVL\DVLGHQJHOHULQ GH÷LúWL÷LYH9L\DQD.RQJUHVLVRQUD$YUXSD¶QÕQ\HQLGHQLQúDHGLOGL÷L ELU G|QHPGH KDVVDV ELU J|UHY VWOHQGLOHU  5XP øV\DQÕ LOH PDVODKDWJ]DUODUÕQ J|UHYLQH VRQ YHULOGL øON LNDPHW HOoLOHULQH GDLU |QHPOL ELOLPVHO oDOÕúPDODU ROPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ RQODUÕ KDOHIOHUL NRQXPGDNL 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODU G|QHPL \HWHULQFH LOJL J|UPHPLúWLU 0DNDOHPL]LQ DPDFÕ 2VPDQOÕGLSORPDVLWDULKLQLQSHNELOLQPH\HQEX VUHFL\OHLOJLOLGHUOL WRSOXELU ELOJLVXQDELOPHNWLU *. 'Ug÷Uh\HVL(VNLúHKLU2VPDQJD]LhQLYHUVLWHVL7DULK%|OP<DNÕQoD÷7DULKL$QDELOLP 'DOÕPXVDNLOLF#RJXHGXWU.

(3) 252. 0XVD.,/,d. Anahtar Kelimeler: 0DVODKDWJ]DU. 2VPDQOÕ. 'LSORPDVL. )HQHUOL. 5XPODU. Abstract ,Q WKH KLVWRU\ RI 0RGHUQ 2WWRPDQ 'LSORPDF\ WKH SHULRG RI WKH ILUVW UHVLGHQFHHPEDVVLHVLVVHHQDVRQHRIWKHLPSRUWDQWWXUQLQJSRLQWV. 7KHILUVW UHVLGHQFHHPEDVV\RIWKH2WWRPDQ(PSLUHFDPHLQWRRSHUDWLRQLQ/RQGRQLQ DQGODWHULQ9LHQQD3DULVDQG%HUOLQUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVKDGEHHQRSHQHG +RZHYHU VKRUWO\ DIWHU LW ZDV GHFLGHG WKDW WKH 3KDQDULRW WUDQVODWRUV ZKR VHUYHGLQ2WWRPDQHPEDVVLHVZHUHDSSRLQWHGDV&KDUJHV'¶DIIDLUHVLQVWHDG RI0XVOLPDPEDVVDGRUV7KHILUVWDVVLJQPHQWVWRRNSODFHLQ6LQFH WKH2WWRPDQSHUPDQHQWUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVLQWKH(XURSHDQFDSLWDOVKDYHEHHQ HQWUXVWHG WR WKH *UHHN &KDUJHV '¶DIIDLUHV 7KH *UHHN &KDUJHV '¶DIIDLUHV WRRNRQDGHOLFDWHWDVNDWDWLPHZKHQWKHSROLWLFDOEDODQFHVLQ(XURSHZHUH FRQVWDQWO\ FKDQJLQJ ZLWK 1DSROHRQLF :DUV DQG WKHQ GXULQJ (XURSH ZHUH UHEXLOWDIWHU&RQJUHVVRI9LHQQD:LWKWKH*UHHN 5HEHOOLRQWKH WDVN RI WKH &KDUJHV '¶DIIDLUHV ZDV HQGHG $OWKRXJK WKHUH DUH LPSRUWDQW VFLHQWLILF VWXGLHV RQ WKH ILUVW UHVLGHQFH DPEDVVDGRUV WKHUH KDV QRW EHHQ HQRXJKLQWHUHVWLQWKHSHULRGRIWKH*UHHN &KDUJHV'¶DIIDLUHVZKRZHUHLQWKH VXFFHVVRU SRVLWLRQV RI WKHP 7KLV SDSHU DLPV WR SUHVHQW D FRPSUHKHQVLYH LQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKLVSURFHVVRIWKHKLVWRU\RI 2WWRPDQGLSORPDF\ Key Words: 2WWRPDQ'LSORPDF\*UHHN3KDQDULRWV&KDUJH'¶DIIDLUHV *LULú 2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL,,,6HOLPG|QHPLQH NDGDUKHUKDQJLELUONHGHLNDPHW HOoLOL÷L DoPD JHUHNVLQLPL GX\PDPÕúWÕU 1 %XQD UD÷PHQ, NXUXOGX÷X JQGHQ EHUL, GH÷LúLNVHEHSOHUOH|QFHoDYXúYHGDKDVRQUDODUÕIHYNDODGHHOoLVÕIDWÕ\OD \DEDQFՁONHOHUHJHoLFL DGKRF

(4) HOoLOHUJ|QGHUPLúWL. 2 )HYNDODGH HOoLOHUEDUÕú J|UúPHOHULQGHEXOXQPDNDQWODúPDODU\DSPDNL\LLOLúNLOHUNXUPDN\HQLELU VXOWDQÕQFOXVXQXELOGLUPHN YH\DWDKWDoÕNDQ\HQLELUPRQDUNÕWHEULNVXOWDQÕQ. 1. 2. 2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQLNDPHWHOoLOLNOHUX\JXODPDVÕQÕJHoEHQLPVHPHVLQHGDLULOJLoHNLFLELU oDOÕúPDLoLQEN]$1XUL<XUGXVHY³7KH2WWRPDQ$WWLWXGH7RZDUG'LSORPDF\´2WWRPDQ 'LSORPDF\ &RQYHQWLRQDO RU 8QFRQYHQWLRQDO (G $ 1XUL <XUGXVHY 3DOJUDYH-6SULQJHU 3UHVV+DPSVKLUHV-35. 0HKPHW$ODDGGLQ<DOoÕQND\D³2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQ<HQLGHQ<DSÕODQPDVÕdDOÕúPDODUÕQGD øONøNDPHW(OoLOLNOHULQLQ5RO´7RSOXPVDO7DULK6&$÷XVWRVV45..

(5) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 253. PHNWXEXQX LOHWPHN YH WDo JL\PH W|UHQLQGH KD]ÕU EXOXQPDN JLEL QHGHQOHUOH J|QGHULOLUYHYD]LIHOHULELWHUELWPH]JHULG|QHUOHUGL3 ,,,6HOLP¶LQ WDKWDoÕNWÕ÷ÕQGD2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL, 5XV-$YXVWXU\DLWWLIDNÕ\OD VDYDúKDOLQGH\GL. %XVDYDúJHQo6XOWDQ¶ÕQ2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQPHYFXW\DSÕVÕ LOH $YUXSD NDUúÕVÕQGD YDUOÕ÷ÕQÕ ID]OD VUGUHPH\HFH÷LQL DQODPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPÕúWÕ SDYDú VÕUDVÕQGD |QFH øVYHo YH DUGÕQGDQ 3UXV\D LOH LWWLIDN DQWODúPDODUÕ\DSÕOPÕúWÕøWWLIDNDQWODúPDODUÕWHN\DQOÕGLSORPDVLDQOD\ÕúÕWHUN HGLOHUHN NDUúÕOÕNOÕOÕN HVDVÕQD GD\DQDQ L\L LOLúNLOHU NXUXOPDVÕQÕQ YH LFDEÕQGD LWWLIDNVD÷ODQPDVÕQÕQ ID\GDOÕ\DQODUÕQÕJ|VWHUPLúWL%XQHGHQOH1L]kP-Õ&HGLG UHIRUPODUÕQD $YUXSD¶QÕQ|QHPOLEDúNHQWOHULQGH LNDPHWHOoLOLNOHULQLQDoÕOPDVÕ ILNUL GH GkKLO HGLOGL. %|\OHFH %DWÕOÕ GHYOHWOHUGH PH\GDQD JHOHQ ROD\ODU YH VL\DVL JHOLúPHOHU KDNNÕQGD GDKD VD÷OÕNOÕ ELOJL VDKLEL ROPDN PPNQ RODELOHFHNWL4 $YUXSD¶GDLNDPHWHOoLOLNOHULNXUXOPDVÕPHVHOHVLJQGHPHJHOGL÷LQGHLON QHUHGHDoÕOPDVÕJHUHNWL÷LNRQXVXELUSUREOHPHG|QúPúW.DQXQLGHYULQGHQ EX \DQD VUHJHOHQ \DNÕQ LOLúNLOHU YH úHK]DGHOL÷LQGHQ EHUL ,,, 6HOLP¶LQ )UDQVD¶\DGX\GX÷XVHPSDWL|QFHOLNOH3DULV¶WHELUGDLPLWHPVLOFLOLNDoÕOPDVÕ ILNULQL JQGHPH JHWLUGL $QFDk 17 \ÕOÕQGD SDWODN YHUHQ LKWLODO )UDQVD¶GD UHMLP GH÷LúLNOL÷LQH \RO DoPÕú YH $YUXSD¶GD PRQDUúL\L WHKGLW HGHQ \HQL LNWLGDUD NDUúÕ E\NELUFHSKHROXúPXúWX$\UÕFD\HQL)UDQVÕ]KNPHWLQLQ øVWDQEXO¶DJ|QGHUGL÷L'HVFRUKHVKHQ]HOoLRODUDNNDEXOHGLOPHPLúWL 5 +HP $YUXSD¶QÕQGL÷HUGHYOHWOHULLOHRODQLOLúNLOHULQLQ ER]XOPDVÕQÕLVWHPHGL÷LQGHQ KHPGHUHVPHQWDQÕPDGÕ÷ÕELUKNPHWQH]GLQHHOoLDWDPD\ÕGR÷UXEXOPD\DQ %DEÕkOL 3DULV¶WH HOoLOLN DoPDN ILNULQGHQ YD]JHoPHN ]RUXQGD NDOGÕ 3DULV \HULQH ;9,, \]\ÕOÕQ EDúODQJÕFÕQGDQ EHUL L\L LOLúNLOHULQ \UWOG÷ YH R G|QHPH NDGDU KHUKDQJL ELU oDWÕúPDQÕQ \DúDQPDGÕ÷Õ øQJLOWHUH¶QLQ EDúNHQWL /RQGUD¶GD HOoLOLN NXUXOPDVÕQD NDUDU YHULOGL %|\OHFH 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL WDULKLQGH LON GHID JoOHU GHQJHVLQL J|] |QQGH WXWDUDN ELOLQoOL ELU WHUFLKWH EXOXQPXúWX 6 3. 4 5 6. )DLN5HúLW8QDW2VPDQOÕ6HILUOHULYH6HIDUHWQkPHOHUL77.$QNDUDV-+QHU 7XQFHU(VNLYH<HQL'LSORPDVLhPLW<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUDV-%OHQW$UÕ³(DUO\ 2WWRPDQ 'LSORPDF\ $G +RF 3HULRG´ 2WWRPDQ 'LSORPDF\ &RQYHQWLRQDO RU 8QFRQYHQWLRQDO(G$1XUL<XUGXVHY3DOJUDYH-6SULQJHU3UHVV+DPSVKLUHV <DOoÕQND\DDJPV-45. (UFPHQG.XUDQ$YUXSD¶GD2VPDQOÕøNDPHW(OoLOLNOHULQLQ.XUXOXúXYHøON(OoLOHULQ6L\DVL )DkOL\HWOHUL-18217UN.OWUQ$UDúWÕUPD(QVWLWV$QNDUDV <DOoÕQND\D DJP V  gPHU .UNoR÷OX ³7KH $GRSWLRQ DQG 8VH RI 3HUPDQHQW 'LSORPDF\´2WWRPDQ'LSORPDF\&RQYHQWLRQDORU8QFRQYHQWLRQDO(G$1XUL<XUGXVHY +DPSVKLUH3DOJUDYH-6SULQJHU3UHVVV.

(6) 254. 0XVD.,/,d. \ÕOÕQGD.DO\RQODU.kWLEL<XVXIÆJDK(IHQGL2VPDQOÕ¶QÕQLONGDLPL HOoLVLRODUDN/RQGUD¶\DWD\LQHGLOGL7 <XVXIÆJDK(IHQGL¶QLQ/RQGUD¶\DHOoL RODUDN J|QGHULOPHVLQGHQ LNL \ÕO VRQUD $YXVWXU\D YH 3UXV\D¶\D ELUHU LNDPHW HOoLVL WD\LQ HGLOPHVLQH NDUDU YHULOGL $QFDN øVWDQEXO¶GD EXOXQDQ )UDQVÕ] HOoLVLQLQ JLULúLPOHUL YH HOoLOLN YD]LIHVLQL \HULQH JHWLUHELOHFHN GHYOHW DGDPÕ EXOPDNWD \DúDQDQ VÕNÕQWÕQGDQ GROD\Õ EX NDUDU ELUNDo \ÕO LoLQ DVNÕ\D DOÕQGÕ 1LKD\HW\ÕOÕQGD3DULV¶H0RUDOÕ (VVH\\LG$OL(IHQGL%HUOLQ¶H*LULWOL$OL $]L] (IHQGL 9L\DQD¶\D øEUDKLP $ILI (IHQGL LNDPHW HOoLVL RODUDN J|QGHULOGLOHU. 8 *|UHYVUHVLGRODQ<XVXIÆJDK(IHQGL¶QLQ\HULQH LVHøVPDLO )HUUXK(IHQGLJ|UHYOHQGLULOGL 9 %|\OHFH $YUXSD¶QÕQG|UW|QHPOLEDúNHQWLQGH 2VPDQOÕLNDPHWHOoLOLNOHULIDDOL\HWHJHoPLúROGX)DNDWLON0VOPDQHOoLOHULQ \HULQL\ÕOÕQGDQLWLEDUHQ)HQHUOL5XPODUDOPD\DEDúOD\DFDNODUGÕU )HQHUOL5XPODUGDQPDVODKDWJ]DUWD\LQHWPHXVXO\ÕOÕQGDSDWODN YHUHQ5XPøV\DQÕQDNDGDUGHYDPHWWLULOGL¶GHQLWLEDUHQRQ\ÕOER\XQFD 2VPDQOÕ LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHULQH KLoELU 0VOPDQ HOoL YH\D PDVODKDWJ]DU DWDQPDGÕYHHOoLOLNOHUWDPDPHQ5XPPDVODKDWJ]DUODUDHPDQHWHGLOGL. 0VOPDQ HOoLOHUH GDLU PHYFXW oDOÕúPDODUD UD÷PHQ 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODUNRQXVXQHUHGH\VHWDPDPHQLKPDOHGLOPLúWLU0DNDOHPL]GH LNDPHWHOoLOLNOHULQGH\DúDQDQGH÷LúLPVUHFL 5XPPDVODKDWJ]DUODUÕQNLPOHU ROGX÷X J|UHY WDQÕPODUÕ NDUúÕODúWÕNODUÕ ]RUOXNODU YH LON LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHUL G|QHPLQLQVRQODQPDVÕQDGH÷LQLOHFHNWLU%|\OHFH2VPDQOÕGLSORPDVLWDULKLQLQ SHNELOLQPH\HQELUPHVHOHVLQLRUWD\DoÕNDUPD\DoDOÕúDFD÷Õ] 0VOPDQ(OoLOHU<HULQH5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODUÕQ*|UHYOHQGLULOPHVL øON LNDPHW HOoLOHUi o\ÕOOÕ÷ÕQDDWDQPÕúWÕ*|UHYVUHOHULGROGXNWDQVRQUD \HUOHULQH \HQLOHUL WD\LQ HGLOHFHNWL $QFDN ¶GH 1DSRO\RQ %RQDSDUW¶ÕQ 0ÕVÕU¶ÕLúJDOHWPHVL\OHLNLONHDUDVÕQGDVDYDúGXUXPXQXQRUWD\DoÕNPDVÕQGDQ GROD\Õ 3DULV¶H %DEÕkOL¶QLQ \HQL ELU HOoL WD\LQ HWPHVL V|] NRQXVX GH÷LOGL. 7. 8 9. 0HKPHW$ODDGGLQ<DOoÕQND\D7KH)LUVW3HUPDQHQW2WWRPDQ-7XUNLVK(PEDVV\LQ(XURSH 7KH(PEDVV\RI<XVXIDJDK(IHQGLWR/RQGRQ -1797),VLV3UHVVøVWDQEXOV7KRPDV1DII³5HIRUPDQGWKH&RQGXFWRI2WRPDQ'LSORPDF\LQWKH5HLJQRI6HOLP III, 1789-´-$26V .XUDQ$YUXSD¶GD2VPDQOÕøNDPHW(OoLOLNOHULQLQ.XUXOXúXV-1DII³5HIRUPDQGWKH &RQGXFWRI2WRPDQ'LSORPDF\´V 0HKPHW $ODDGGLQ <DOoÕQND\D ³øVPDLO )HUUXK (IHQGL¶QLQ /RQGUD (OoLOL÷L YH 6L\DVL )DDOL\HWOHUL -

(7) ´3D[2WRPDQD6WXGLHVLQ0HPRULDP3URI'U1HMDW*|\Qo(G .HPDOdLoHN<HQL7UNL\H<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUDV..

(8) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 255. %HUOLQ¶GHNL 2VPDQOÕ HOoLVL $OL $]L] (IHQGL LVH J|UHYLQH EDúODGÕNWDQ ELU \ÕO VRQUD YHIDW HWPLúWL <HULQH 0DKPXG (VDG (IHQGL PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDN J|QGHULOGL÷LQGHQ\HQLELUDWDPD\DLKWL\Do\RNWX'ROD\ÕVÕ\ODo\ÕOÕQVRQXQGD \DOQÕ]øQJLOWHUHYH$YXVWXU\D¶\D\HQLHOoLOHULQWD\LQHGLOPHVLV|]NRQXVX\GX 1LWHNLP 1HúHW (IHQGL¶QLQ /RQGUD¶\D YH 5DJÕE (IHQGL¶QLQ 9L\DQD¶\D WD\LQ HGLOPHVLQH NDUDU YHULOPLú YH EX NDUDU LOJLOL GHYOHWOHUH ELOGLULOPLúWL10 )DNDW GDKD VRQUD LNDPHW HOoLOHULQGHQ EHNOHQHQ ID\GDQÕQ J|UOPHPHVL 0VOPDQODUÕQX]XQVUHOLRODUDN+ÕULVWL\DQONHOHULQGHLNDPHWHWPHOHULQLQ VDNÕQFDOÕEXOXQPDVÕYH\DSÕODQPDVUDIODUÕQEH\KXGHROGX÷XJLELJHUHNoHOHUOH \HQLHOoLOHULQJ|QGHULOPHVLNDUDUÕQGDQYD]JHoLOGL 11 %DEÕkOL, \HQL ELU 0VOPDQ HOoL J|QGHUPHPHNOH ELUOLNWH LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHULQLQ IDDOL\HWOHULQH KHPHQ VRQ YHUPHQLQ X\JXQ GúPH\HFH÷L kDQDDWLQGH\GL1LWHNLPLONRODUDND]OHGLOPLú)HQHUOL5XP YR\YRGDODUÕQGDQ JYHQLOLURODQODUÕQVHoLOHUHNVHIDUHWOHUHJ|QGHULOPHVLJQGHPH JHOGL. 12 )DNDW YR\YRGDODUÕQ $YUXSD KNPHWOHUL QH]GLQGH NUDO PHVDEHVLQGH KUPHW J|UPHOHUL VDNÕQFDOÕ RODELOLUGL $\UÕFD YR\YRGDODUÕQ NDODEDOÕN PDL\HWOHUL\OH, SDUDVDO DoÕGDQ KD\OL PDOL\HWOL RODFD÷Õ DúLNkUGÕ %X QHGHQOH )HQHUOL 5XP EH\]kGHOHUEH\]kGH oRFXNODUÕYH\DER\DUODUGDQHOoLWD\LQLGúQOG YHEXQD GDLU D\UÕQWÕOÕ ELU UDSRU NDOHPH DOÕQGÕ13 )DNDW UHD\DGDQ ROPDODUÕQGDQ GROD\Õ GL÷HU GHYOHWOHU QH]GLQGH SHN LWLEDU J|UPH\HFHNOHUL LoLQ EX ILNLUGHQ GH YD]JHoLOGL1LKD\HW, J|UHYLELWHQHOoLOHULQPDL\HWOHULQGHEXOXQDQ)HQHUOL5XP WHUFPDQODUGDQ LVWLGDW YH OL\DNDWOL RODQODUÕQD ELUHU NÕWD LWLPkGQkPH J|QGHULOHUHN \HQL ELU HOoL DWDQÕQFD\D NDGDU PDVODKDWJ]DU XQYDQÕ LOH HOoLOLNOHUH WD\LQHGLOPHOHULX\JXQ EXOXQGX (÷HU EX X\JXODPD LWLUD]D VHEHS ROPD]VD 5XPWDLIHVLQGHQVHILUWD\LQLKXVXVX\HQLGHQP]DNHUHHGLOHFHNWL 14 0VOPDQ HOoLOHULQ \HULQH )HQHUOL 5XP WHUFPDQODUÕQ PDVODKDWJ]DU WD\LQ HGLOPHVL 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWLQGHNL GLSORPDVL JHOHQH÷L DGÕQD úDúÕUWÕFÕ GH÷LOGLU. dQN )HQHUOLOHU X]XQ \ÕOODUGDQ EHUL, 2VPDQOÕ GLSORPDVLVLQGH |QHPOLPHYNLOHULLúJDOHWPHNWH\GLOHU. BXPHYNLOHULQEDúÕQGD, 5HLVONWWDEÕQ |QGH JHOHQ \DUGÕPFÕODUÕQGDQ ELUL RODQ 'LYkQ-Õ +Pk\XQ 7HUFPDQÕ JHOPHNWH\GL 3DQDLRWLV 1LNRXVVLRV¶LQ 3DQD\RW (IHQGL

(9)   \ÕOÕQGD EDú WHUFPDQOÕ÷D DWDQPDVÕQGDQ EHUL 'LYkQ 7HUFPDQODUÕ )HQHUOL DLOHOHUGHQ 10 11 12 13 14. BOA, +$7WV] .UNoR÷OXDJP V-136. BOA, +$7WV] BOA, +$7, 13745-$WV] BOA, +$7WV].

(10) 256. 0XVD.,/,d. VHoLOPHNWH\GL 15 'RQDQPD 7HUFPDQOÕ÷Õ 2UGX 7HUFPDQOÕ÷Õ 0RUD 7HUFPDQOÕ÷ÕJLELJ|UHYOHUGH)HQHUOLOHULQWHNHOLQGH\GL 16 <LQH)HQHUOLOHUGHQ VHoLOHQ (IODN YH %R÷GDQ 9R\YRGDODUÕQÕQ GD GLSORPDWLN YD]LIHOHUL EXOXQPDNWD\GÕ .RPúX GHYOHWOHUGHNL VL\DVL JHOLúPHOHU KDNNÕQGD ELOJL WRSODPDN YH GúPDQ GHYOHWOHUOH VDYDú VRQUDVÕ \DSÕODQ DWHúNHV YH EDUÕú J|UúPHOHULQGH WHUFPDQOÕN \DSPDN JLEL KL]PHWOHUL \HULQH JHWLUL\RUODUGÕ 17 +HP WHUFPDQODUÕQ PDL\HWLQGHNL GLOR÷ODQODUÕ KHP GH YR\YRGDODUÕQ KLPD\HVLQGHNLPHPXUNDGURVXoR÷XQOXNOD)HQHUOL5XPODUGDQROXúX\RUGX 18 %XWHFUEHOHULQGHQGROD\ÕLONGDLPLHOoLOLNOHU IDDOL\HWHJHoWL÷LQGHKHUHOoLQLQ PDL\HWLQH )HQHUOL 5XPODUGDQ LNL WHUFPDQ YHULOPHVL XVXO RODUDN EHQLPVHQPLúWL $VOÕQGD HOoLOLN WHUFPDQODUÕ\OD LOJLOL FLGGL VÕNÕQWÕODU GD \DúDQPÕúWÕ $UDODUÕQGD WHFUEHVL] YH\D OL\DNDWVL] LVLPOHU ROGX÷X JLEL \DEDQFÕ GHYOHWOHU DGÕQDFDVXVOXN\DSDQODUGDYDUGÕ 19 )DNDWKHP%DWÕGLOOHULQLELOPHOHULKHPGH GLSORPDWLN XVXOOHUH DúLQDOÕNODUÕ )HQHUOL 5XPODUÕ DOWHUQDWLIVL] NÕOPDNWD\GÕ hVWHOLN HQ D]ÕQGDQ EDúODQJÕoWD 5XP WHUFPDQODUÕQ PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDN J|UHYOHQGLULOPHOHULJHoLFLELUo|]P\ROXRODUDNGúQOPúW øON LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHUL G|QHPLQGH WRSODP GRNX] )HQHUOL 5XP %HUOLQ /RQGUD3DULVYH9L\DQD¶GDPDVODKDWJ]DURODUDNJ|UHYOHQGLULOGL. øoOHULQGHQ \DOQÕ]FD <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR o IDUNOÕ EDúNHQWWH PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕN \DSWÕ. øON. 15. 6H]DL%DOFÕ³2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QGH7HUFPDQOÕN´2VPDQOÕ'LSORPDVL7DULKL.XUXPODUÕYH 7DWELNL(G0HKPHW$ODDGGLQ <DOoÕQND\D-8÷XU.XUWDUDQ*UDILNHU<D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUD V 16 &KULVWLQH 0 3KLOOLRX %LRJUDSK\ RI DQ (PSLUH *RYHUQLQJ 2WWRPDQV LQ DQ $JH RI 5HYROXWLRQ%HUNHOH\-/RV$QJHOHV8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD3UHVVV 17 &DIHU dLIWoL ³%kE-Õ ÆOv¶QLQ $YUXSD¶\D dHYULOPLú øNL *|] (IODN YH %R÷GDQ¶GD )HQHUOL 9R\YRGDODU -

(11) ´8OXVODUDUDVÕøOLúNLOHU&LOW6D\Õ <D]

(12) V 18 3KLOOLRXDJHV 19 %X NRQXGD HQ oDUSÕFÕ |UQHN KLo úSKHVL] (VVH\\LG $OL (IHQGL¶QLQ WHUFPDQÕ 3DQD\RWL .RGULND¶GÕU $WLQD¶GD GR÷DQ .RGULND  \ÕOÕQGD (IODN YR\YRGDVÕQÕQ NDWLSOL÷L J|UHYLQL VWOHQPLúWL 3DULV¶WH J|UHYOL ROGX÷X VÕUDGD 7DOOH\UDQG¶D %DEÕkOL LOH 2VPDQOÕ HOoLVLQLQ DUDVÕQGD\DSÕODQ\D]ÕúPDODUKDNNÕQGDG]HQOLELOJLOHUYHUPLúLGDPHGLOHFH÷LQL ELOGL÷LLoLQ øVWDQEXO¶D G|QPH\HUHN  \ÕOÕQGDNL |OPQH NDGDU )UDQVÕ] GÕúLúOHULQGH oDOÕúPÕúWÕU %X J|UHYL VÕUDVÕQGD 2VPDQOÕ WRSUDNODUÕQÕQ SD\ODúÕOPDVÕQD GDLU SURMHOHU KD]ÕUODPÕúWÕU %N] 0DXULFH +HUEHWWH )UDQVD¶GD øON 'DLPv 7UN (OoLVL ³0RUDOÕ (VVH\\LW $OL (IHQGL´ 1802)dHY(UROh\HSD]DUFÕ3HUD7XUL]PYH7LFDUHW$ùøVWDQEXO V $OH[DQGUD6ILQL³)HQHUOLOHULQ*QONOHULQGH'H÷HUOHU6LVWHPLYH0LOOHWOHU <]\ÕO 6RQXQGDQ  <]\ÕO %DúÕQD

(13) ´ 2VPDQOÕ¶GDQ &XPKXUL\HW¶H 3UREOHPOHU $UDúWÕUPDODU 7DUWÕúPDODU  8OXVODUDUDVÕ 7DULK .RQJUHVL, 24-26 Ma\ÕV  $QNDUD øVWDQEXO  V.

(14) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 257. LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHUL G|QHPLQGHNL 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODUÕQ LVLPOHUL YH J|UHYOHQGLULOGLNOHUL\ÕOODUúXúHNLOGHGLU /RQGUD <DQNR$UJLURSRXOR $QWRQDNL5DPDGDQL %HUOLQ <DQNR.RSeUL <DNRYDNL$UJLURSRXOR <DQNR$UJLURSRXOR 9L\DQD .RQVWDQWLQ'LEDOWR <DQNR$UJLURSRXOR <DQNR0DYUR\DQL 3DULV $OHNVDQGÕU5DOOL 3DQD\RWDNL$UJLURSRXOR 1LNRODNL0DQR. 1800-1803 1811-1821 1802-1804 1804-1806 1806-1807 1800-1808 1808-1811 1811-1821 1802-1803 1811-1817 1817-1821. /RQGUD¶GD5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU 0VOPDQ HOoLOHULQ \HULQH 5XP WHUFPDQODUÕQÕQ PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDN EÕUDNÕOPDVÕNDUDUÕ, LONGHID/RQGUD¶GDX\JXODQGÕ0DVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷DDWDQDQLON LVLP LVH <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR -HDQ $UJ\URSRXORV

(15) LGL  \ÕOÕQGD <XVXI ÆJDK(IHQGL¶QLQ \HULQHWD\LQHGLOHQøVPDLO)HUUXK (IHQGL PDL\HWLQGH, NHQGLVL YH NDUGHúL *HRUJHV WHUFPDQ RODUDN J|UHYOHQGLULOPLúOHUGL '|QHPLQ øVWDQEXO¶GDNL øQJLOL] PDVODKDWJ]DUÕ 6SHQFHU 6PLWK KNPHWLQH \D]GÕ÷Õ PHNWXSWD H÷LWLPOHULQLQ J|UHYOHULQL \HULQH JHWLUPHNWH NLID\HWVL] ROPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ VD\JÕGH÷HU ELU DLOH\H PHQVXS $UJLURSRXOR NDUGHúOHUGHQ \DUGÕPÕQ HVLUJHQPHPHVLQLLVWHPLúWL 20 *HUoHNWHQGH$UJLURSRXOR DLOHVLQLQN|NHQOHULQLQ %L]DQV¶WDNL $UJ\UH KDQHGDQÕQD GD\DQGÕ÷Õ ULYD\HW HGLOPHNWHGLU. %DEDODUÕ 0DQRODNL¶QLQ (PPDQXHO

(16) DVÕOPHVOH÷LKHNLPOLNROPDNODELUOLNWH'RQDQPD 7HUFPDQOÕ÷ÕQGD EXOXQPXú YH ND\ÕQELUDGHUL RODQ (IODN 9R\YRGDODUÕQGDQ $OHNVDQGÕU0XUX]L¶QLQNDSÕNHWKGDOÕ÷ÕQÕ\DSPÕúWÕ 21. 20 21. <DOoÕQND\DDJP,V-390. 0LKDLO'LPLWUL6WXUG]D'LFWLRQQDLUH+LVWRULTXHHW*HQHDORJLTXHGHV*UDQGHV)DPLOOHVGH *UHFHG¶$OEDQLHHWGH&RQVWDQWLQRSOH3DULVV-(XJHQH5L]R5DQJDEp/LYUH.

(17) 258. 0XVD.,/,d. $UJLURSRXOR NDUGHúOHU øVPDLO )HUUXK (IHQGL¶QLQ o \ÕOOÕN J|UHY VUHVL ELWLQFH\H NDGDU RQXQ PDL\HWLQGHoDOÕúPD\D GHYDP HWWLOHU øVPDLO )HUUXK¶XQ øQJLOWHUH¶GHQ D\UÕOPDVÕ\OD KHP EDúNkWLS KHP GH EDúWHUFPDQ RODQ <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR 22$÷XVWRVWDULKLLWLEDUL\OHYH\ÕOOÕNELQNXUXúPDDúOD /RQGUDPDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕJ|UHYLQHJHWLULOGL. 23 $VOÕQGDEXDWDPD)UDQVÕ]ODUÕQ ¶GHNL 0ÕVÕU¶Õ LúJDOL LOH NXUXODQ 2VPDQOÕ-øQJLOL] LWWLIDNÕQÕQ ]D\ÕIODPD\D EDúODGÕ÷ÕQÕQ DoÕNJ|VWHUJHVLLGL2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWLøQJLOWHUH¶\HUD÷PHQNDGLP GRVWX ELOGL÷L )UDQVD LOH ELU DQ |QFH EDUÕú \DSPDN LVWL\RUGX $\UÕFD øQJLOWHUH¶QLQ 0ÕVÕU¶GD NDOÕFÕ ROPDVÕ LKWLPDOLQGHQ YH %DEÕkOL¶QLQ DOH\KLQH 0HPO€N %H\OHUL LOH \DNÕQODúPDVÕQGDQ UDKDWVÕ]OÕN GX\XOX\RUGX %X QHGHQOH 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODUÕQ J|UHYOHQGLULOPHVL NDUDUÕQÕQ LON GHID ³PONHQ ELU PDVODKDWÕ´ROPD\DQøQJLOWHUH¶GHX\JXODQPDVÕQDNDUDUYHULOGL. 24 <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR  \ÕOÕQD NDGDU /RQGUD PDVODKDWJ]DUÕ RODUDN J|UHY\DSWÕho\ÕOÕQDUGÕQGDQDLOHVLQGHQX]XQ]DPDQGÕUD\UÕNDOGÕ÷ÕQÕJHUHNoH J|VWHUHUHNøVWDQEXO¶DG|QúL]QLLVWHGL=DWHQRVÕUDODUGD0ÕVÕU¶GDki 0HPO€N %H\OHUL LOH GHYDP HGHQ VRUXQODUÕQ o|]PH NDYXúWXUXOPDVÕ LoLQ 'LYDQ NkWLSOHULQGHQ 6ÕGNÕ (IHQGL /RQGUD¶GD EXOXQPDNWD\GÕ øNL ONH LOLúNLOHULQLQ KDVVDV ELU G|QHPGHQ JHoWL÷L J|] |QQGH EXOXQGXUXODUDN øQJLOWHUH¶QLQ EDúNHQWLQGH ELU 0VOPDQ PDVODKDWJ]DUÕQ J|UHY DOPDVÕQÕQ GDKD L\L RODFD÷ÕQD NDUDU YHULOGL. %XQXQ VRQXFXQGD 6ÕGNÕ (IHQGL /RQGUD PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQD WD\LQ HGLOLUNHQ <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR  .DVÕP  WDULKLQGHøQJLOWHUH¶GHQD\UÕOGÕ 25 6ÕGNÕ(IHQGL, JHoLFLJ|UHYOHJLWWL÷L/RQGUD¶GDVHNL]\ÕOJ|UHY \DSWÕNWDQ VRQUD 0DUW WDULKLQGHYHIDWHWWL 26 <HULQH)HQHUOL5XPODUGDQ$QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQLWD\LQHGLOGL)DNDWRQXQWD\LQLPHVHOHVLKHP%DWÕOÕELUGHYOHWLQ5XP WHPVLOFLOHUH EDNÕúÕQÕ KHP GH %DEÕkOL¶QLQ øQJLOWHUH¶QLQ LVWHNVL]OL÷LQH NDUúÕOÕN NDUDUÕQÕX\JXODPDGDL]OHGL÷L\|QWHPLJ|VWHUPHVLDoÕVÕQGDQROGXNoDLOJLQoELU |UQHNWLU $VOÕQGD %DEÕkOL 6ÕGNÕ (IHQGL YHIDW HWPHGHQ |QFH WHUFPDQÕ 'LPLWUDNL(IHQGL¶\L 'HPHWULXV'XNDV

(18) PDVODKDWJ]DUDWDPD\ÕGúQPúW27. 22 23 24 25 26 27. G 2UGHOD1REOHVVH3KDQDULRWHHQ*UHFHHQ5RXPDQLHHQ5XVVLHHWHQ7XUTXLH$WKHQHV V-6.; BOA, &+5ù $UDOÕN

(19) BOA, &+5% (NLP1804) BOA, &+5ù $UDOÕN

(20) BOA, +$7WV] BOA, $^$0'Gù $UDOÕN

(21) BOA, &+5., 3614, 10 M 1219 (21 1LVDQ

(22)  (UFPHQW .XUDQ ³2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QLQ /RQGUD 0DVODKDWJ]DUÕ 0HKPHG 6ÕGNÕ (IHQGL 1803-´2UG3URIøVPDLO+DNNÕ8]XQoDUúÕOÕ¶\D$UPD÷DQ77.$QNDUDV BOA, +$7% $÷XVWRV

(23) .

(24) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 259. AQFDN EX WHUFPDQÕQ 6ÕGNÕ (IHQGL¶GHQ |QFH KD\DWÕQÕ ND\EHWPHVL ]HULQH $QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQL¶QiQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷D WD\LQ HGLOPHVL NDUDUÕ DOÕQGÕ. 28 )DNDW 2VPDQOÕ KNPHWL, ELU VUHOL÷LQH EX QL\HWLQL øVWDQEXO¶GDNL øQJLOL] HOoLOL÷LQGHQ JL]OHPLú KDWWD$QWRQDNL5DPDGDQL¶\L'LPLWUDNL\HULQHDWDQPDVÕ GúQOHQ WHUFPDQ RODUDN ELOGLUPLúWL29 %LU D\ NDGDU VRQUD 5HLVONWWDS 0XVWDID0D]KDU(IHQGLøQJLOL]VHIDUHWLQHYHNkOHWHGHQ6WUDWIRUG&DQQLQJLOH \DSWÕ÷Õ J|UúPHGH 6ÕGNÕ (IHQGL¶QLQ J|UHYGHQ DOÕQPDVÕ YH \HULQH 5DPDGDQL¶QLQ DWDQPDVÕ NRQXVXQGD QL\HWOHUL ROGX÷X EH\DQÕQGD EXOXQPXúWX. &DQQLQJLVHEXNDUDUGDQKLoKRúQXWROPDPÕúWÕ%DEÕkOL¶\H, EHQ]HUELUDWDPDQÕQ $YXVWXU\D YH\D )UDQVD¶\D \DSÕOPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD EX GHYOHWOHULQ DVOD NDEXO HWPH\HFH÷L YH øQJLOL] KNPHWLQFH KHUKDQJL ELU7UN VHILULQ KLo XPPDGÕ÷Õ \HWNLOHUH NDYXúDQ ELU 5XP¶GDQ GDKD WHUFLK HGLOLU ROGX÷X FHYDEÕQÕ YHUPLúWL. 5HLV (IHQGL &DQQLQJ¶LQ LWLUD]ÕQÕ GLNNDWH DODFD÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWPHNOH ELUOLNWH $QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQL¶\L øQJLOL] GÕúLúOHULQH WDNGLP HGHQ PX÷ODN LIDGHOL ELU PHNWXEX DOPD\Õ EDúDUPÕúWÕ &DQQLQJ KNPHWLQH GDKD |QFH /RQGUD¶GD ELU 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DU J|UHY \DSWÕ÷Õ LoLQ EX GXUXPD NHVLQ ELU GLOOH NDUúÕ oÕNDPDGÕ÷ÕQÕYHLVWHQHQPHNWXEXYHUPHN]RUXQGDNDOGÕ÷ÕQÕELOGLUPLúWL30 $OWÕ D\ NDGDU VRQUD $QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQL øQJLOL] HOoLOL÷LQH KDEHU YHULOPHGHQ YH SDVDSRUW EDúYXUXVXQGD EXOXQPDGDQ øVWDQEXO¶GDQ D\UÕOGÕ 6WUDWIRUG &DQQLQJ EX JHOLúPH\L GR÷DO RODUDN oRN úDúÕUWÕFÕ EXOPXúWX 5HLV (IHQGL&DQQLQJ¶H EXQXQ ELULKPDOVRQXFXROGX÷XQXYH5DPDGDQL¶QLQVDGHFH WHUFPDQ RODUDN DWDQGÕ÷ÕQÕ DoÕNODGÕ. DL÷HU \DQGDQ iVH &DQQLQJ WDUDIÕQGDQ YHULOHQ PHNWXEXQ PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDN DNUHGLWHHGLOPHN ]HUH NXOODQÕOPak LVWHQGL÷LQL LPD HWPLúWL 6WUDWIRUG &DQQLQJ 5DPDGDQL¶QLQ PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDNNDEXOHGLOPHVLPHVHOHVLQLQ PDMHVWHOHULQLQRQD\ÕQDED÷OÕROGX÷XQX5HLV (IHQGL¶\H DQODWPD\D oDOÕúPÕú YH øQJLOL] SDVDSRUWXQD VDKLS ROPDGÕ÷Õ LoLQ KHUKDQJLELUX\JXQVX]OXNODNDUúÕODúÕSNDUúÕODPD\DFD÷ÕQDGDLUVRUXODUDFHYDS YHUPHNWHQNDoÕQPÕúWÕ &DQQLQJ KNPHWLQH$QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQL QLQNLúLVHONDUDNWHULKDNNÕQGD LWKDP YH |Q\DUJÕGD EXOXQPDNVÕ]ÕQ RQXQ 7UN WHPVLOFLVL VHoLOPHVLQL J|UPHNWHQ GROD\Õ ]JQ ROGX÷XQX ELOGLUPLúWL %DEÕkOL¶QLQ WXWXPXQX GLSORPDWLN QH]DNHWOHUH X\PD\DQ ELU GDYUDQÕú RODUDN QLWHOHPLúWL. &DQQLQJ 7UNKNPHWLQLQGRVWoDROPD\DQQL\HWOHUWDúÕGÕ÷ÕQÕGúQVHGH PDVUDIODUGDQ. 28 29 30. BOA, &+5& 7HPPX]

(25)  )26HSWHPEHU )22FWREHU.

(26) 260. 0XVD.,/,d. NXUWXOPDN LoLQ ELU 5XP¶XQ WHUFLK HGLOPHVLQL DQOD\DELOGL÷LQL GH LIDGH HWPLúWLU 31 øQJLOL] VHIDUHWLQH KDEHU YHULOPHGHQ \ROD oÕNDUÕODQ $QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQL, (NLP ¶GH /RQGUD¶\D XODúPÕúWÕ øON RODUDN øQJLOL] 'ÕúLúOHUL %DNDQOÕ÷Õ EDúNkWLELLOHJ|UúPúYHNHQGLVLQH YHULOHQ LWLPkGQkPHGHPDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷D WD\LQHGLOGL÷LLIDGHHGLOPHVLQHUD÷PHQ&DQQLQJWDUDIÕQGDQ YHULOHQPHNWXSWD WHUFPDQ RODUDN ]LNUHGLOPHVLQLQ QHGHQL VRUXOPXúWX $QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQL 6ÕGNÕ(IHQGL¶QLQYHIDWKDEHULøVWDQEXO¶DXODúPDGDQ|QFH\RODoÕNWÕ÷ÕQÕ6ÕGNÕ (IHQGL¶\H G|Qú L]QL YHULOGL÷L LoLQ GH 2VPDQOÕ KNPHWLQFH YHULOHQ LWLPkGQkPHGHEDúNDELUHOoLJ|UHYLQHEDúOD\ÕQFD\DNDGDUPDVODKDWJ]DUOÕNOD WD\LQHGLOGL÷LQLQEHOLUWLOGL÷LQLLIDGHHWPLúWL. 32 $QWRQDNL5DPDGDQLEXVÕNÕQWÕOÕ VUHFHUD÷PHQEDúNkWLELOH\DSÕODQ PODNDWWDQG|UWJQVRQUDøQJLOL]'ÕúLúOHUL BakDQÕQÕQ NRQD÷ÕQD JLGHUHN LWLPkGQkPHVLQL WDNGLP HWPLú YH J|UHYLQH EDúODPÕúWÕU 33 BabÕkOL¶QLQ HQ EDúÕQGDQ EHUL QL\HWLQLQ $QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQL¶\L PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷D JHWLUPHN ROGX÷X DúLNkUGÕU. 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL øQJLOL] KNPHWLQLQROXPVX]WDYUÕQDUD÷PHQNRQX\XELUROGX-ELWWLLOHNDEXOHWWLUPH\L EDúDUPÕúWÕ %X úHNLOGH /RQGUD PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQD WD\LQ HGLOHQ $QWRQDNL 5DPDGDQL 34 LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHULQLQ NDSDWÕOGÕ÷Õ  5XP øV\DQÕQD NDGDU YD]LIHVLQGHNDOGÕ. )DNDWELUGDKDøVWDQEXO¶DG|QHPH\HQ$QWRQDNL5DPDQL¶QLQ DNÕEHWLKDNNÕQGDELUELOJL\HVDKLS GH÷LOL] %HUOLQ¶GH5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU %HUOLQ¶H J|QGHULOHQ LON LNDPHW HOoLVL *LULWOL $OL $]L] (IHQGL LGL $]L] (IHQGL¶QLQ J|UHYH EDúODGÕNWDQ VDGHFH ELU \ÕO VRQUD YHIDW HWPHVL35 ]HULQH .HWKGD NkWLEL KDOLIHOHULQGHQ 0HKPHG (VDG (IHQGL PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDN 31 32 33 34. 35. )2-XQH øWLPkGQkPHLoLQEN]BOA, HAT., 52701-%WV] BOA, +$7/ .DVÕP

(27)   \ÕOÕQGD /RQGUD¶GD EDVÕODQ ³7KH 0LOLWDU\ &RVWXPHV RI 7XUNH\´ DGOÕ 2VPDQOÕ DVNHUOHULQLQNÕ\DIHWOHULQGHQROXúDQNÕ\DIHWDOEPQGH5DPDGDQL(IHQGL¶QLQGHWDPER\ELU SRUWUHVL EXOXQPDNWDGÕU (VPD øJV ³.OWUOHUDUDVÕOÕN  <]\ÕOGD /RQGUD¶GD %DVÕODQ 2VPDQOÕ$OEPOHUL´&HGUXV ,,,V-$QWRQDNL5DPDGDQL&6+DUULVDGOÕ \D]DU WDUDIÕQGDQ NDOHPH DOÕQDQ ³:KHUH 6KDGRZV 'DQFH´ DGOÕ URPDQGDNL NDUDNWHUOHUGHQ ELULGLU5RPDQRQXQJ|UHY\DSWÕ÷ÕG|QHPGH/RQGUDGLSORPDWLNoHYUHOHULQGH\HUDODQELUGL]L FLQD\HWOH LOJLOLGLU %N] &6 +DUULV :KHUH 6KDGRZV 'DQFH 3HQJXLQ *URXS 1HZ <RUN 2011. +$KPHG6FKPLHGH*LULWOL$OL$]L](IHQGL¶QLQ%HUOLQ6HIDUHWL7UN'Q\DVÕ $UDúWÕUPD 9DNIÕW\V.

(28) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 261. WD\LQHGLOGL. 36 (VDG(IHQGL¶QLQ LNL\ÕOGHYDP HGHQ%HUOLQPDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷Õ (\OOWDULKLLWLEDUL\OHVRQDHUGL 37 YH\HULQH<DQNR.RSHULDWDQGÕ<DQNR .RSHUL $OL $]L] (IHQGL¶QLQ HOoLOL÷LQGH VHIDUHW WHUFPDQOÕ÷Õ \DSPÕú 38 YH J|UHYLQH(VDG(IHQGLG|QHPLQGHGH GHYDPHWPLúWL 39 ;,; \]\ÕOÕQ EDúODUÕQGD 1DSRO\RQ VDYDúODUÕQGDQ GROD\Õ $YUXSD¶GD VUHNOLGH÷LúHQGHQJHOHU2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLGHHWNLOHPHNWH\GL\ÕOÕQGD 3UXV\D¶QÕQKHP5XV\DYHKHPGH)UDQVDLOH2VPDQOÕDOH\KLQH\DNÕQODúPD\D EDúODPDVÕ %HUOLQ¶H GDKD OL\DNDWOL ELU PDVODKDWJ]DUÕQ DWDQPDVÕQÕ JQGHPH JHWLUGL $\UÕFD <DQNR .RSHUL¶QLQ 3UXV\D¶GDNL )UDQVÕ] HOoLVLQLQ DGDPÕ ROGX÷XQD GDLU GX\XPODU DOÕQPÕúWÕ 6RQXoWD LNL \ÕOGDQ EHUL %HUOLQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷Õ\DSDQ<DQNR.RSHUL¶QLQD]OLQH NDUDUYHULOGL 40 .RSHUL¶QLQ \HULQH WD\LQ HGLOHQ <DNRYDNL $UJLURSRXOR HVNL /RQGUD PDVODKDWJ]DUÕ <DQNR¶QXQ D÷DEH\L LGL41 'DKD |QFH 5XP 3DWULNKDQHVLQGH oDOÕúPÕú YH (IODN YR\YRGDVÕ RODQ ND\ÕQSHGHUL 0LFKHO 6RXW]D¶QÕQ NDSÕ NHWKGDOÕ÷ÕQGD EXOXQPXúWX 42 0DVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷D DWDQGÕ÷Õ VÕUDGD %DEÕkOL¶GH $YUXSD JD]HWHOHULQLWHUFPHHWPHNOHYD]LIHOL\GL43 <DNRYDNL(IHQGL, 10 THPPX]WDULKLLWLEDUL\OHJ|UHYLQHEDúODGÕ 44 9D]LIHVLQGH LNL\ÕOÕQÕ GROGXUPDGDQ%HUOLQ¶LQKDYDVÕQDX\XPVD÷OD\DPDPDVÕQÕ YH VD÷OÕN VRUXQODUÕQÕ JHUHNoH J|VWHUHUHN \HULQH NDUGHúL <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR¶QXQ WD\LQ HGLOPHVL ULFDVÕQGD EXOXQGX 45 $VOÕQGD GDKD |QFH 36. 37. 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45. $VOÕQGD%DEÕkOL%HUOLQ¶H\HQLELUHOoLDWDPDVÕ\DSPD\ÕSODQODPÕúWÕ)DNDW%HUOLQKNPHWL \HQLELU2VPDQOÕHOoLVL LVWHPL\RUGX+DWWDøVWDQEXO¶GDNLHOoLOHUL.QREHOVGROI¶DUDKDWVÕ]OÕN YHULFL ELU PHUDVLPGHQ EDúND ELU úH\ ROPD\DQ YH JHUoHNWHQ \DUDUOÕ ROGX÷X WDUWÕúPDOÕ ELU PLV\RQúHIOL÷LQL%HUOLQ¶GHEXOXQGXUPDILNULQGHQ%DEÕkOL¶\LNÕUPDGDQWDPDPHQYD]JHoLUPH JLEL ELU úDQVODUÕ ROXS ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ VRUPXúODUGÕ 3UXV\D¶QÕQ EX WXWXPXQGDQ GROD\Õ %DEÕkOL %HUOLQ¶H \HQL ELU HOoL J|QGHUPH ILNULQGHQ YD]JHoPLú YH 0HKPHG (VDG (IHQGL¶\L PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDN WD\LQ HWPLúWL -RKDQQ :LOKHOP =LQNHLVHQ 2VPDQOÕ øPSDUDWRUOX÷X 7DULKLdHY1LOIHU(SoHOL&9,,<HGLWHSH<D\ÕQODUÕøVWDQEXOV-39. %RUoODUÕQGDQGROD\Õ%HUOLQ¶GHQD\UÕODPD\DQ(VDG(IHQGLNÕVDELUVUHVRQUDGDKDVWDODQPÕú YHD\ODUFDGHYDPHGHQKDVWDOÕ÷ÕQÕQDUGÕQGDQ1LVDQ¶GHYHIDWHWPLúWLU,UHQD)OLWHU³7KH 'LSORPDWV¶ 'HEWV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO )LQDQFLDO 'LVSXWHV EHWZHHQ WKH 2WWRPDQ (PSLUH DQG 3UXVVLDDWWKHHQGRIWKH(LJKWHHQWK&HQWXU\´2VPDQOÕ$UDúWÕUPDODUÕ;/9,,, 

(29) V 399. BOA, +$7., 5727-$5 $÷XVWRV

(30)  6FKPLHGHDJHV BOA, &+5 7341, 19 Z 1217 1LVDQ

(31)  BOA, +$7WV] BOA, &+55D 7HPPX]

(32)  5DQJDEpDJHV BOA, +$7, WV] BOA, &+55 $÷XVWRV

(33)  BOA, +$7WV].

(34) 262. 0XVD.,/,d. NDUGHúLQLQ NHQGL HPULQGH NkWLS RODUDN LVWLKGDP HGLOPHVLQL LVWHPLúWL $QFDN <DNRYDNL (IHQGL’QLQ NHQGLVL GH \DEDQFÕ GLO ELOGL÷L LoLQ LVWH÷L JHUL oHYULOPLúWL46 )DNDW EX GHIDki WDOHEL NDEXO HGLOGL YH \HULQH NDUGHúL <DQNR (IHQGL DWDQGÕ. 47 .ÕVDVUHOL%HUOLQ0DVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQDUD÷PHQVRQUDNL\ÕOODUGD<DNRYDNL %H\¶LQ|QHPOLKL]PHWOHUGHEXOXQGX÷XQXJ|UPHNWH\L]\ÕOÕQGD'RQDQPD 7HUFPDQOÕ÷ÕQDJHWLULOGL$QFDNJYHQLOLUYHPXNWHGLUROPDGÕ÷ÕJHUHNoHVL\OH  \ÕOÕQGD J|UHYLQGHQ D]OHGLOGL. 48 1812- \ÕOODUÕ DUDVÕQGD 'LYDQ 7HUFPDQOÕ÷Õ \DSWÕ 5DNLSOHULQGHQ 0LFKDHO 6RXW]R¶QXQ HQWULNDODUÕ VRQXFX J|UHYLQGHQ DOÕQGÕ 49 %LU DUD (IODN YR\YRGDOÕ÷ÕQD DWDQPDVÕ JQGHPH JHOGL )DNDWGRQDQPDYH GLYDQWHUFPDQOÕNODUÕLOHYR\YRGDOÕNODUÕVDGHFHG|UW)HQHUOL DLOHQLQWHNHOLQHEÕUDNDQELUG]HQOHPH\DSÕOGÕ÷ÕLoLQHPHNOL\HVHYNHGLOGL50 <DNRYDNL %H\¶LQ 2VPDQOÕ ELOLP OLWHUDWUQH GH NDWNÕODUÕ ROPXúWXU 0DKPXW5DLI(IHQGLWDUDIÕQGDQNDOHPHDOÕQDQELU)UDQVÕ]FDFR÷UDI\DNLWDEÕQÕ el-øFDOHW¶O-&R÷UDIL\\H EDúOÕ÷Õ DOWÕQGD WHUFPH HWPLúWL $\UÕFD -HDQ +HQUL &DVWHUD¶GDQ X\DUODGÕ÷Õ dDULoH .DWHULQD¶\D GDLU ELU WDULK NLWDEÕ GD EXOXQPDNWDGÕU 51 5XP øV\DQÕQÕQ EDúODPDVÕQGDQ VRQUD $QDGROX¶\D VUJQ HGLOHQ )HQHUOL 5XPODU DUDVÕQGD <DNRYDNL $UJLURSRXOR GD EXOXQPDNWD\GÕ øON RODUak dRUXP¶D VUJQ HGLOGL 1824 \ÕOÕQGDQ LWLEDUHQ %XUVD¶GD LNDPHWOHULQH L]LQ YHULOGL52 øVWDQEXO¶D DQFDN  \ÕOÕQGD G|QHELOGL SUJQGHQ VRQUD (GLUQH $QWODúPDVÕ¶QGD o|]POHPH\HQ ED]Õ VRUXQODUÕQ P]DNHUHVL LoLQ 6W 3HWHUVEXUJ¶D IHYNDODGH HOoL RODUDN J|QGHULOHFHN )HWKL 3DúD PDL\HWLQH WHUFPDQWD\LQHGLOGL)DNDWEDúÕQDELUúH\JHOPHVLQGHQNRUNWX÷XLoLQ\DQÕQD DLOHVLQL GH DODUDN ELU )UDQVÕ] JHPLVL\OH 2VPDQOÕ WRSUDNODUÕQGDQ ILUDU HWWL53 1850 \ÕOÕQGD$WLQD¶GDKD\DWÕQÕND\EHWWL 54. 46 47 48 49. 50 51 52 53 54. BOA, +$7, 4887-B, 5 +D]LUDQ

(35)  BOA, &+51 $UDOÕN

(36)  BOA, +$7WV] -RKDQQ 6WUDXVV³7KH0LOOHWVDQG7KHRI2WWRPDQ/DQJXDJHV7KH&RQWULEXWLRQRI2WWRPDQ *UHHNVWR2WWRPDQ/HWWHUV WK-WK&HQWXULHV

(37) ´'LH :HOW'HVøVODPVV6WXUG]DDJHV 6H]DL%DOFÕ%DEÕkOL7HUFPH2GDVÕ/LEUD.LWDSoÕOÕNYH<D\ÕQFÕOÕNøVWDQEXOV $JHV BOA, &+5   ù   +D]LUDQ 

(38)  BOA, +$7  WV] BOA, +$7, 36414-$WV]BOA, +$7% 0DUW

(39)  BOA, +$7WV] 6WUDXVVDJPV6WXUG]DDJHVBOA, +$7WV].

(40) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 263. <DNRYDNL %H\¶LQ \HULQL DODQ NDUGHúL <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR¶QXQ %HUOLQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQD DWDQPDVÕ.DVÕP¶GHJHUoHNOHúPLúROPDVÕQDUD÷PHQ øVWDQEXO¶GDQ D\UÕOPDVÕ DQFDN HUWHVL VHQH 0DUW D\ÕQGD PPNQ ROGX 55 YH  0D\ÕV  WDULKL LWLEDUL\OH LWLPDGQkPHVLQL VXQDUDN J|UHYLQH EDúODGÕ 56 G|UHYHEDúODPDVÕQGDQNÕVDELUVUHVRQUD)UDQVÕ]RUGXODUÕQÕQ%HUOLQ¶HJLUPHVL 3UXV\D LOH 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL DUDVÕQGDNL GLSORPDWLN LOLúNLOHUL GH ROXPVX] HWNLOHGL. 7LOVLW $QWODúPDVÕ |QFHVLQGH  \ÕOÕ RUWDODUÕQD GR÷UX øVWDQEXO¶D JHOHQ3UXV\DHOoLVL %DURQ6HQIIWYRQ3LOVDFK, )UDQVD¶QÕQLVWH÷L GR÷UXOWXVXQGD NDEXOHGLOPHGL YHHOoLGHQONHVLQH JHULG|QPHVLLVWHQGL. %DEÕkOL¶QLQWDYUÕQÕ NDEXO HWPH\HQ 3UXV\D øVWDQEXO¶GDNL HOoLOL÷LQL NDSDWPD NDUDUÕ DOGÕ. 57 $QODúÕOGÕ÷Õ NDGDUÕ\OD PWHNDELOL\HW HVDVODUÕ GR÷UXOWXVXQGD <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR¶QXQJ|UHYLGHVRQDHUGL. %XúHNLOGHIDDOL\HWOHULVRQODQGÕUÕODQLON LNDPHW HOoLOL÷L RODQ %HUOLQ¶GHNL 2VPDQOÕ WHPVLOFLOL÷L DQFDN  \ÕOÕQGD \HQLGHQDoÕODELOHFHNWL58 9L\DQD¶GD5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU øONLNDPHWHOoLOLNOHULG|QHPLQGH9L\DQD¶GDVDGHFHøEUDKLP$ILI(IHQGL HOoL RODUDN J|UHY \DSPÕú YH RQXQ DUGÕQGDQ  \ÕOÕQD NDGDU 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODU WDUDIÕQGDQ LGDUH HGLOPLúWLU %DEÕDOL¶QLQ 0VOPDQ HOoLOHU \HULQH 5XP WHUFPDQODUÕ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷D WD\LQ HWPH NDUDUÕQD X\JXQ ELU úHNLOGH o \ÕOOÕN J|UHY VUHVL GRODQ øEUDKLP $ILI (IHQGL  \ÕOÕQÕQ VRQODUÕQGD 9L\DQD¶GDQ D\UÕOÕUNHQ WHUFPDQÕ .RQVWDQWLQ 'LEDOWR¶\X PDVODKDWJ]DURODUDNEÕUDNWÕ 59 .HIDORQ\DOÕ DULVWRNUDW ELU DLOHGHQ JHOHQ.RQVWDQWLQ 'LEDOWR60 VHNL] \ÕO 9L\DQD¶GD PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕN \DSWÕNWDQ VRQUD 61 KHP NHQGL WDOHEL KHP GH $YXVWXU\D KNPHWLQLQ LVWH÷L QHWLFHVLQGH J|UHYLQGHQ DOÕQGÕ .HQGLVL GRNWRUODUÕQ VD÷OÕ÷Õ LoLQ KDYD GH÷LúLNOL÷LQH LKWL\DFÕ ROGX÷XQX V|\OHGLNOHULQL 55 56 57  59. 60 61. BOA, +$7, 13179-)5D +D]LUDQ

(41) BOA, +$7, 13806, 29 S 1221 0D\ÕV

(42) =LQNHLVHQDJH&9,,V-349. 'HYOHW-L $OL\\H-L +kULFL\\H 1H]kUHW-L &HOvOHVL 6kOQkPHVL  & , +D] $KPHG 1H]LK *DOLWHNLQøúDUHW<D\ÕQODUÕøVWDQEXOV .XUDQ DJH V  $ILI (IHQGL .RQVWDQWLQ 7LEDOGRQ¶XQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕN EDúODQJÕFÕQÕ NHQGLVLQLQ øVWDQEXO¶D G|QG÷ WDULK RODQ  2FDN ¶L YHUPHNWHGLU 2\VD 'LEDOWR¶QXQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷Õ$ILI(IHQGL¶QLQ9L\DQD¶GDQD\UÕOGÕ÷ÕWDULKWHQLWLEDUHQEDúODPDVÕJHUHNLU BOA, &+50 0D\ÕV). 6WXUG]DDJH, 433. BOA, +$7WV].

(43) 264. 0XVD.,/,d. EHOLUWHUHNJ|UHYLQGHQDIIÕQÕ YHøVWDQEXO¶DG|QPHVLQHL]LQYHULOPHVLQLLVWHPLúWL. $YXVWXU\D KNPHWLQLQ GH .RQVWDQWLQ 'LEDOWR KDNNÕQGD ED]Õ úLNk\HWOHUi YDUGÕ 62 $YXVWXU\DKNPHWLUHD\DGDQELUPDVODKDWJ]DU\HULQH0VOPDQELU E\NHOoLQLQ 9L\DQD¶GD J|UHYOHQGLULOPHVLQL LVWL\RUGX %DEÕkOL GH, $YUXSD¶GDNL \HQL JHOLúPHOHUGHQ GROD\Õ 9L\DQD¶\D GLUD\HWOL ELU 0VOPDQ HOoLQLQ DWDQPDVÕQÕQ X\JXQ RODFD÷ÕQÕ GúQPHNWH\GL dQN $YXVWXU\D YH 5XV\D, )UDQVD¶\D NDUúÕ \HQL ELU FHSKH ROXúWXUX\RUODUGÕ %X LVH R VÕUDODUGD 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QL NHQGLVL\OH LWWLIDND ]RUOD\DQ )UDQVD¶QÕQ SHQoHVLQGHQ NXUWXOPDN LoLQ ELU IÕUVDW RODELOLUGL. FakDW E\NHOoL J|QGHUPHN PDVUDIOÕ RODFD÷ÕLoLQ \HULQHELUNDoNLúLOLNPDL\HWOHELURUWDHOoLQLQJ|QGHULOPHVLGDKD X\JXQEXOXQGX+DWWDEXJ|UHYLoLQGDKD|QFHøUDQ¶DHOoLRODUDNJLGHQ5HIL (IHQGLVHoLOGL)DNDW5HIL(IHQGL¶QLQøVWDQEXO¶GDQKLODWJL\GLULOHUHN9L\DQD¶\D J|QGHULOPHVLGXUXPXQGD)UDQVD¶QÕQWHSNLJ|VWHUPHVLQGHQNRUNXOX\RUGX%X QHGHQOH5HIL(IHQGL¶QLQ|QFHRUGXGDJ|UHYOHQGLULOPHVLRUDGDQGD9L\DQD¶\D JHoPHVLQLQGDKDX\JXQROGX÷XQDNDUDUYHULOGL 63 5HIL (IHQGL¶QLQ DWDPD VUHFL WDPDPODQÕQFD\D NDGDU 9L\DQD¶GD ELU 2VPDQOÕ PHPXUXQXQ EXOXQPDVÕ HO]HP J|UOPúW )DNDW .RQVWDQWLQ 'LEDOWR¶QXQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷Õ EÕUDNPDN LVWHPHVLQGHQ GROD\Õ \HULQH ELU EDúNDVÕQÕQ J|UHYOHQGLULOPHVL JHUHNL\RUGX %HUOLQ LNDPHW HOoLOL÷LQLQ NDSDQPDVÕQGDQGROD\ÕJ|UHYLVRQODQDQ<DQNR$UJLURSRXORVELUVUHGHQEHUL 9L\DQD¶GD\GÕ .HQGLVL LNL GHID PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕN KL]PHWLQGH EXOXQPXú WHFUEHOL ELU LVLPGL 64 hVWHOLN D÷DEH\L <DNRYDNL %H\ R G|QHPGH 'LYDQ TeUFPDQÕLGL%XQHGHQOHUOHWHUFLKHGLOHQ<DQNR¶\DELUúXNND\D]ÕODUDNELU HOoLWD\LQHGLOLQFH\HNDGDU$YXVWXU\DKNPHWLQH]GLQGH'HYOHW-L$OL\\H¶QLQ WHPVLOFLVL RODUDN J|UHYOHQGLULOGL÷L YH KD]ÕUODQDQ LWLPkGQkPHQLQ HOLQH XODúPDVÕQGDQVRQUD%DúYHNLOHWHVOLPHWPHVLHPUHGLOGL 65 9L\DQD¶GDNLLON5XPPDVODKDWJ]DU.RQVWDQWLQ'LEDOWR¶QXQ &RQVWDQWLQ 7LEDOGR

(44) EXJ|UHYLVÕUDVÕQGDLOPLoDOÕúPDODUGDEXOXQGX÷XQXGDELOPHNWH\L]. 7KH 8QLYHUVDO 0DJD]LQH GHUJLVLQGH oÕNDQ ELU KDEHUH J|UH 'R÷X $NDGHPLVLQGHQ 3URI &KDEHUW J|]HWLPLQGH 2VPDQOÕFD ELU GQ\D YH ELU GH $YUXSD KDULWDVÕ KD]ÕUODPÕúWÕ 66 <LQH EX G|QHPGH 6DIDKDW-Õ HenGHVL\\H DGOÕ. 62 63 64 65 66. BOA, +$7WV] BOA, +$75 +D]LUDQ

(45)  BOA+$7WV] BOA+$7WV] 7KH8QLYHUVDO0DJD]LQH9RO9,-XO\WR'HFHPEUH/RQGRQS.

(46) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 265. HVHUi NDOHPH DOGÕ. 67 )DNDW 'LEDOWR¶QXQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕN VRQUDVÕ KD\DWÕ KDNNÕQGDVD÷OÕNOÕELUELOJL\H VDKLS GH÷LOL] 68 KRQVWDQWLQ 'LEDOWR \HULQH 9L\DQD¶\D PDVODKDWJ]DU DWDQDQ <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR, 0VOPDQELUHOoLJ|QGHULOHQHNDGDU\DQLJHoLFLELUVUHLoLQEX J|UHYH JHWLULOPLúWL69 )DNDW PXKWHPHOHQ  7HPPX] D\ÕQGD øVWDQEXO¶GD JHUoHNOHúHQWDKWGH÷LúLNOL÷LYHDUGÕQGDQ\DúDQDQJHOLúPHOHU5HIL(IHQGL¶QLQ WD\LQ VUHFLQLQ WDPDPHQ DVNÕ\D DOÕQPDVÕQD VHEHS ROGX. %|\OHFH <DQNR $UJLURSXOR, \ÕOÕQDNDGDUJ|UHYLQGHNDOGÕ2WDULKWHLNLONHDUDVÕQGDNL GLSORPDWLN LOLúNLOHUL \UWPH NRQXVXQGD \HWHUVL] ROGX÷X JHUHNoHVL\OH øVWDQEXO¶GDNL$YXVWXU\DHOoLOL÷LQLQLVWH÷L]HULQHJ|UHYLQGHQDOÕQGÕ 70 <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR LON LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHUL G|QHPLQGH ELUGHQ ID]OD EDúNHQWWHPDVODKDWJ]DUOÕN \DSDQWHNLVLPGL5XPøV\DQÕVÕUDVÕQGDD÷DEH\LLOH EHUDEHU VUJQHGLOGL71 \ÕOÕQGDøVWDQEXO¶GDKD\DWÕQÕND\EHWWL 72 9L\DQD PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQD WD\LQ HGLOHQ \HQL LVLP <DQNR 0DYUR\DQL -HDQ0DYUR\HQL

(47) LGL)HQHUOL5XPODUÕQ|QHPOLDLOHOHULQGHQELULQH PHQVXSWX. K|NOHULQLQ 9HQHGLNOL 0RURVLQL KDQHGDQÕQD GD\DQGÕ÷Õ ULYD\HW HGLOPHNWH\GL. .LNODG7DNÕP$GDODUÕ3DURV7LQRVYH0LNRQRVDGDODUÕQGD]HQJLQPONOHUL EXOXQPDNWD\GÕ %DEDVÕ 'LPLWUDNL 0LNRQRV %H\L RODUDN ]LNUHGLOPHNOH ELUOLNWH73 KLoúSKHVL]DLOHQLQHQELOLQHQVLPDVÕ (IODNYR\YRGDVÕRODQDPFDVÕ 1LNRODNL LGL 74 .DSWDQ-Õ 'HU\D *D]L +DVDQ 3DúD¶QÕQ KLPD\HVL VD\HVLQGH YR\YRGDOÕ÷D JHWLULOHQ 1LNRODNL 0DYUR\DQL KDPLVLQLQ YHIDWÕQÕQ DUGÕQGDQ KÕ\DQHWOHVXoODQDUDNLGDPHGLOGL75 %XROD\ÕQDUGÕQGDQDPFDVÕQÕQKD]LQHGDUÕ RODQ <DQNR0DYUR\DQL9L\DQD¶\DILUDUHWWL76 1DSRO\RQ¶XQ9L\DQD¶\Õ LúJDO 67 68. 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76. BOA, C.MF., &D $÷XVWRV

(48) .RQVWDQWLQ 'LEDOWR DGOÕ ELU NLúL - \ÕOODUÕ DUDVÕQGD øVWDQEXO +H\EHOLDGD 5XKEDQ 2NXOXQXQLONPGUO÷Q\DSPÕúWÕU)DNDWKHULNLVLQLQD\QÕNLúLROXSROPDGÕ÷ÕNRQXVXQGD NHVLQ ELU ELOJL\H UDVWOD\DPDGÕN 6DOLK øQFL 'LQOHU 7DULKL $oÕVÕQGDQ +H\EHOLDGD 5XKEDQ 2NXOXQD *HQHO %LU %DNÕú <D\ÕQODQPDPÕú 'RNWRUD 7H]L 6HOoXN hQLYHUVLWHVL 6RV\DO %LOLPOHU(QVWLWV.RQ\DV BOA+$7&D +D]LUDQ

(49)  BOA, C.HR., 4892, 01 Ca 1 0D\ÕV

(50)  BOA&+5/ +D]LUDQ

(51) BOA+$7% 0DUW 1825). 6WXUG]DDJHV $JHV-340. 7KHRGRUH%ODQFDUG/HV0DYUR\pQLVO¶+LVWRLUHG¶2ULHQW&,,3DULV V =H\QHS6|]HQ)HQHUOL%H\OHU<ÕOÕQg\NV -1821)$\ED\<D\ÕQFÕOÕNøVWDQEXO V 9L\DQD¶GDEXOXQGX÷XLON\ÕOODUGD5XPPLOOL\HWoLOL÷LQLQVHPEROLVPL5LJDV¶OD\DNÕQLOLúNLVL ROGX÷XQDGDLULGGLDODULoLQEN]%ODQFDUGDJHV-137..

(52) 266. 0XVD.,/,d. HWWL÷L G|QHPGH 2VPDQOÕ PDVODKDWJ]DUÕQÕQ ILUDU HWPHVL QHGHQL\OH VDKLSVL] NDODQ 2VPDQOÕ WHEDDVÕQÕQ WHPVLOFLOL÷LQL VWOHQGL.77 +L]PHWOHUL QHGHQL\OH %DEÕkOL WDUDIÕQGDQ NHQGLVLQH VHIDUHW EDúNkWLEL XQYDQÕ YHULOHUHN PDDú ED÷ODQGÕ 78 6RQUDNL \ÕOODUGD GD %DEÕkOL LOH L\L LOLúNLOHULQL VUGUG÷ LoLQ <DQNR $UJLURSRXOR \HULQH 9L\DQD PDVODKDWJ]DUÕ WD\LQ HGLOGL <DQNR 0DYUR\DQL¶QLQWD\LQLQHDVOÕQGDRQXQ2VPDQOÕWDELL\HWLQGHQoÕNÕS$YXVWXU\D YDWDQGDúOÕ÷ÕQD JHoWL÷L YH \DEDQFÕ ELU GHYOHW WHEDDVÕQÕQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕN \DSPDVÕQÕQVDNÕQFDOÕRODFD÷Õ JHUHNoHVL\OHLWLUD]ODUV|]NRQXVX\GX 79 )DNDWEX LWLUD] VRQXoVX] NDOGÕ YH <DQNR 0DYUR\DQL  0D\ÕV  WDULKLQGH LWLPkGQkPHVLQLWHVOLPHGHUHNJ|UHYLQHEDúODGÕ80 5XPøV\DQÕLOH<DQNR0DYUR\DQL¶QLQJ|UHYLVRQODQGÕUÕOGÕ%DEÕkOL WDUDIÕQGDQ øVWDQEXO¶D G|QPHVL LVWHQGL DQFDN KD\DWÕQGDQ HQGLúH HWWL÷L LoLQ 0HWWHUQLFK¶LQWHONLQL\OH0DFDULVWDQ¶ÕQ3UHVVEXUJúHKULQHVÕ÷ÕQGÕ/RQGUD 3URWRNRO¶QQ LP]DODQPDVÕQGDQ VRQUD 9L\DQD¶\D G|QHELOGL  \ÕOÕQGD %DEÕkOL WDUDIÕQGDQ \HQLGHQ 9L\DQD PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQD WD\LQ HGLOGL %LU DUD 0HKPHG $OL 3DúD PHVHOHVLQGH øQJLOWHUH¶QLQ \DUGÕPÕQÕ WHPLQ HGHELOPHN DPDFÕ\ODIHYNDODGHPHPXURODUDN/RQGUD¶\DJ|QGHULOGL 81 \ÕOÕQGD)HULN $KPHG 3DúD¶QÕQ 9L\DQD¶\D HOoL DWDQPDVÕ\OD <DQNR 0DYUR\DQL¶QLQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷Õ VRQD HUGL )DNDW KL]PHWOHULQLQ NDUúÕOÕ÷Õ RODUDN 9L\DQD VHIDUHWPVWHúDUOÕ÷ÕQDJHWLULOGLYHEXJ|UHYLQL 82\ÕOÕQGDNLYHIDWÕQD NDGDU GHYDPHWWLUGL83 3DULV¶WH5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU 2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQ3DULV LNDPHWHOoLOL÷LGL÷HUHOoLOLNOHUHJ|UHIDUNOÕELU WDULKL VH\LU L]OHPLúWLU 'L÷HU HOoLOLNOHU  \ÕOÕQGDQ VRQUD PDVODKDWJ]DU G]H\LQGHWHPVLOHGLOLUNHQ3DULVVHIDUHWLELU\ÕOOÕNLVWLVQDGÕúÕQGD\ÕOÕQD NDGDU0VOPDQHOoLOHUWDUDIÕQGDQLGDUHHGLOGL)UDQVD¶QÕQEDúNHQWLQGHNLLON 2VPDQOÕ LNDPHWHOoLVL¶GHJ|UHYH EDúOD\DQ 0RUDOÕ(VVH\\LG$OL(IHQGL LGL. )DNDW(VVH\LG$OL(IHQGL¶QLQHOoLOLNVUHVLKHQ]ELU\ÕOÕGROGXUPXúNHQ 77 78 79 80 81 82 83. <DQNR 0DYUR\DQL¶QLQ |]HOOLNOH $YXVWXU\D KNPHWLQLQ 2VPDQOÕ WHEDDVÕQD NRQXODQ D÷ÕU YHUJLOHULQNDOGÕUÕOPDVÕQGD|QHPOLNDWNÕVÕEXOXQPDNWD\GÕ%N]BOA, +$7WV] BOA, +$7WV] BOA, &+5&$ +D]LUDQ

(53)  BOA, &+5& +D]LUDQ

(54)  0XVD .ÕOÕo 2VPDQOÕ +DULFL\HVLQGH *D\ULPVOLPOHU -

(55)  $QNDUD hQLYHUVLWHVL 6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú'RNWRUD7H]L$QNDUDV $JW V-147. $JW V.

(56) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 267. )UDQVD¶QÕQ 0ÕVÕU¶Õ LúJDO HWPHVLQGHQ GROD\Õ LNL ONH DUDVÕQGDNL GLSORPDWLk LOLúNLOHU NHVLQWL\H X÷UDGÕ 0ÕVÕU LúJDOLQLQ VRQD HUPHVLQLQ DUGÕQGDQ EDUÕú P]DNHUHOHULQGH EXOXQPDN ]HUH $OL (IHQGL¶QLQ \HULQH IHYNDODGH HOoL VÕIDWÕ\OD 0HKPHG 6DLG *DOLE (IHQGL J|UHYOHQGLULOGL  \ÕOÕQGD 3DULV DQWODúPDVÕ LP]DODQDUDN LNL ONH LOLúNLOHUL \HQLGHQ WHVLV HGLOGL 84 *|UHYLQL WDPDPOD\DQ0HKPHG6DLG*DOLE(IHQGLD\QÕ\ÕOÕQ(\OOD\ÕQGDøVWDQEXO¶D G|QHUNHQ $OHNVDQGÕU 5DOOL DGOÕ 5XP WHUFPDQÕQÕ PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDN 3DULV¶WHEÕUDNWÕ 85 $OHNVDQGÕU 5DOOL 6DNÕ] $GDVÕQÕQ |QGH JHOHQ WFFDU DLOHOHULQGHQ ELULQH PHQVXSWX 86 )UDQVDDGÕQDFDVXVOXN\DSWÕ÷ÕRUWD\DoÕNDQ3DQD\RWDNL.RGULND¶QÕQ \HULQH0RUDOÕ(VVH\\LG$OL(IHQGLPDL\HWLQHWHUFPDQRODUDNWD\LQHGLOPLúWL87 (VVH\\LG $OL (IHQGL YH KDOHIL 0HKPHG *DOLS (IHQGL¶QLQ HOoLOLNOHULQGH WHUFPDQOÕN\DSWÕNWDQVRQUD(\OOWDULKLLWLEDUL\OH3DULVPDVODKDWJ]DUÕ RODUDNJ|UHYHEDúODGÕ88 )DNDWVDGHFHELU\ÕONDGDUPDVODKDWJ]DUOÕNKL]PHWLQGH EXOXQGX +DOHW (IHQGL¶QLQ 3DULV¶H JHOPHVL LOH ELUOLNWH J|UHYL VRQD HUGL89 $OHNVDQGÕU5DOOL5XPøV\DQÕVÕUDVÕQGDLGDPHGLOGL90 +DOHW(IHQGL¶QLQDUGÕQGDQ3DULVVHIDUHWLQH0XKLE(IHQGLWD\LQHGLOPLúWL 2QXQ J|UHY VUHVL GH  \ÕOÕQGD VRQD HUGL %DEÕkOL VHIDUHW NkWLEL *DOLS (IHQGL¶QLQ PDVODKDWJ]DU RODUDN 3DULV¶WH NDOPDVÕQD NDUDU YHUPLúWL. 6HIDUHW WHUFPDQODUÕQGDQELUL0XKLE(IHQGLLOHøVWDQEXO¶DG|QHFHN GL÷HUL LVH*DOLS (IHQGL LOH EHUDEHU 3DULV¶WH NDODFDNWÕ )DNDW 0XKLE (IHQGL¶QLQ  $÷XVWRV ¶GH 91 3DULV¶WHQD\UÕOPDVÕQGDQVDGHFHLNLKDIWDVRQUD*DOLS(IHQGLYHIDW HWWL %XQXQ ]HULQH *DOLS (IHQGL \DQÕQGD NDODQ WHUFPDQ 3DQD\RWDNL $UJLURSRXOR 92 3DULVPDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQDWD\LQHGLOGL93 84. 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93. 1LKDW .DUDHU ³)UDQVD¶GD øON øNDPHW (OoLOL÷LQLQ .XUXOPDVÕ dDOÕúPDODUÕ 9H øON øNDPHW (OoLPL] 6H\\LG $OL (IHQGL¶QLQ 3DULV %\NHOoLOL÷L  – 

(57)  6UHFLQGH 2VPDQOÕ – )UDQVÕ]'LSORPDVLøOLúNLOHUL´7DULK$UDúWÕUPDODUÕ'HUJLVL;;;,V BOA, $^'91610+G 1R+NPV&D (\OO

(58) BOA, +$7, % (NLP

(59)  6WXUG]DDJHV BOA, $(66/0,,,WV] BOA, $(66/0,,,WV] $OHNVDQ (IHQGL ERUoODUÕ \]QGHQ ELU VUHGDKD3DULV¶WHQ D\UÕODPD] %N] BOA, &+5, 8884, 18 Ca 1218. 3KLOOLRXDJHV )2-XQH 3DQD\RWDNL (IHQGL¶QLQ DLOHVL KDNNÕQGD ELOJL VDKLEL GH÷LOL] 0XKWHPHOHQ %HUOLQ¶GH PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕN\DSPÕúRODQ$UJLURSRXORNDUGHúOHUOHDNUDEDOÕ÷ÕYDUGÕ BOA, +$76 0DUW

(60) BOA, +$7WV]BOA, &+5., 5213, & +D]LUDQ

(61).

(62) 268. 0XVD.,/,d. 3DQD\RWDNL (IHQGL’QLQ 3DULV PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷Õ EDúODQJÕoWD JHoLFL VWDWVQGH\GL )UDQVD KNPHWL %DEÕkOL¶QLQ \HQL ELU 0VOPDQ HOoL WD\LQ HWPHVLQL EHNOHPHNWH\GL 94$\QÕ VÕUDODUGD øQJLOL] KNPHWL GH /RQGUD PDVODKDWJ]DUÕ6ÕGNÕ(IHQGL\HULQHELUHOoLQLQWD\LQHGLOPHVLLVWH÷LQL2VPDQOÕ KNPHWLQH ELOGLUPLúWL95 +HU LNL ONHGHQ JHOHQ EDVNÕODU VRQXFXQGD $PHGv 2GDVÕKXOHIDVÕQGDQ +DPLG%H\ /RQGUD¶\DYH1HFLE(IHQGL LVH3DULV¶H WD\LQ HGLOGL 96 +DWWD EX JHOLúPHOHUGHQ KDEHUGDU RODQ $YXVWXU\D KNPHWL GH 9L\DQD¶\D0VOPDQELUHOoLQLQDWDQPDVÕQÕWDOHSHWPLúWL 97 )DNDWRVÕUDODUGD )UDQVDLOH5XV\DDUDVÕQGD JHUJLQOL÷LQDUWPDVÕ\HQLHOoLOHULQJ|QGHULOPHVLQLQ DVNÕ\DDOÕQPDVÕQDQHGHQROGX3DULV¶HWD\LQHGLOHQNecip (IHQGL¶QLQ2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWLLOH)UDQVDDUDVÕQGD ELULWWLIDNNXUXOPDVÕNRQXVXQGDEDVNÕJ|UPHVLQGHQ NRUNXOX\RUGX %|\OH ELU LWWLIDNÕQ \DUDUGDQ oRN ]DUDU YHUHFH÷LQL |QJ|UHQ %DEÕkOLHOoLOHULQJLGLúLQLQHOGHQJHOGL÷LQFHHUWHOHQPHVLNDUDUÕQÕDOGÕ 98 (UWHOHPHQLQ QHGHQOHULQGHQELULGHRVÕUDODUGD2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQPkOv GXUXPXQXQ HOoL PDVUDIODUÕQÕ NDUúÕODPD\Õ HOYHUPHPHVL\GL +DWWD HOoL J|QGHULOHPH\HFH÷L YH 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODUD GD JYHQLOHPH\HFH÷L LoLQ GDQLúO NkWLSOHULQGHQ ELUHU NLúL VHoLOLS VHUNkWLS XQYDQÕ\OD WD\LQ HGLOPHVL JQGHPHJHOGL )DNDWEXILNLU2UGX-\X+PD\XQWDUDIÕQGDQJHOHQLUDGHOHUH D\NÕUÕ J|UOG÷QGHQ NDEXO HGLOPHGL 99 1DSRO\RQ¶XQ 0RVNRYD VHIHULQH oÕNPDVÕ YH \DúDGÕ÷Õ KH]LPHW %DEÕkOL¶QLQ J|QOV] ROGX÷X HOoL J|QGHUPH ILNULQGHQEVEWQYD]JHoPHVLQLVD÷ODGÕ 100 3DQD\RWDki (IHQGL¶QLQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQÕQ JHoLFL VWDWGHQ GDLPL\H G|QúWUOPHVL DQFDN )UDQVD¶GD UHMLP GH÷LúLNOL÷LQGHQ VRQUD PPNQ RODFDNWÕ 1DSRO\RQ %RQDSDUW ¶GH 8OXVODU 6DYDúÕ¶QGD /HLS]LJ

(63)  \HQLOPHVLQGHQ VRQUD (OEH $GDVÕQD VUJQ HGLOPLú YH )UDQVD¶GD DQD\DVDO PRQDUúL LODQ HGLOHUHN ;9,,, /RXLV WDKWD oÕNDUÕOPÕúWÕ %X JHOLúPHOHULQ DUGÕQGDQ 2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL, )UDQVD GDNL\HQLUHMLPLQWDQÕQGÕ÷ÕQDGDLUELUQkPH LOH3DQD\RWDNL QLQGDLPLPDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQD LOLúNLQELULWLPkGQkPH\L3DULV H J|QGHUGL )DNDW 3DQD\RWDNL (IHQGL 6XOWDQ ÕQ QkPHVLQL NUDOD YH 94. BOA, +$75 0D\ÕV

(64)  )2'HFHPEHU 96 BOA, &+5WV] 97 BOA, +$75D 1LVDQ

(65)  98 BOA, &+5WV] 99 BOA +$7WV] 100 $KPHW '|QPH] ³2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QGH 7HN 7DUDIOÕ 'LSORPDVL $QOD\ÕúÕ YH .DUúÕOÕNOÕ 'LSORPDVL\H*HoLú6UHFL´ 2VPDQOÕ'LSORPDVL7DULKL.XUXPODUÕYH7DWELNL(G0HKPHW $ODDGGLQ<DOoÕQND\D-8÷XU.XUWDUDQ*UDILNHU <D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUDV-170. 95.

(66) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 269. LWLPkGQkPHVLQLEDúYHNLOHWDNGLPHGHPHGHQ(OEHDGDVÕQGDQNDoDQ1DSRO\RQ %RQDSDUW3DULV HJHULG|QG 1DSRO\RQ¶XQ G|Qú LOH ELUOLNWH 3DQD\RWDNL (IHQGL GÕúÕQGD GL÷HU ONH WHPVLOFLOHUL)UDQVDEDúNHQWLQL WHUNHWWLOHU2VPDQOÕPDVODKDWJ]DUÕQÕQ3DULV¶WH NDOPDVÕ\HQLELUGLSORPDWLNVRUXQDQODPÕQDJHOPHNWH\GL3DQD\RWDNL(IHQGL, 1DSRO\RQ UHMLPLQLQ WDQÕQPDVÕ LoLQ EDVNÕ DOWÕQGD WXWXOPDNWD\GÕ øVWDQEXO D PDVODKDWJ]DUWD\LQHGLOPLúIDNDWKHQ])UDQVD¶GDQD\UÕOPDPÕúRODQ 0|V\| -XEHU YH EL]]DW 'ÕúLúOHUL %DNDQÕ 'XNH GH &DXODLQFRXUW ;9,,, /RXLV¶H J|QGHULOHQ QkPHOHULQ NHQGLOHULQH WHVOLP HGLOPHVLQL WDOHS HWPLúOHUGL 3DQD\RWDNL (IHQGL LVH EXQD L]QL ROPDGÕ÷Õ YH %DEÕkOL GHQ KDEHU EHNOHGL÷LQL EH\DQ HGHUHN WDOHSOHUL UHGGHWPLúWL 101 $\QÕ VÕUDODUGD $YXVWXU\D KNPHWL, 9L\DQD¶GD EXOXQDQ 2VPDQOÕ PDVODKDWJ]DUÕ <DQNR 0DYUR\DQL DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD 2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQ1DSRO\RQNDUúÕWÕEOR÷DNDWÕOPDVÕQÕYHGHUKDO3DULV¶WHNL WHPVLOFLOL÷LQLQNDSDWÕOPDVÕQDGDLUELUQRWD\Õ%DEÕkOL¶\HJ|QGHUPLúWL +HU LNL FLKHWWHQ EDVNÕ DOWÕQGD NDODQ %DEÕkOL PHVHOHQLQ GHUKDO ùXUD 0HFOLVLQGH P]DNHUH HGLOPHVLQH NDUDU YHUGL ùXUD 0HFOLVLQH J|UH )UDQVD NUDOÕQDQkPHJ|QGHULOPHVLYHQH]GLQHPDVODKDWJ]DUWD\LQHGLOPHVL2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QLQ %RXUERQQH KDQHGDQÕQÕ WDQÕGÕ÷ÕQÕ J|VWHUPHNWH\GL +HU QH NDGDU 1DSRO\RQ3DULV HG|QPúYH)UDQVDNUDOÕEDúNHQWLWHUNHWPLúLVHGH2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL DoÕVÕQGDQ ;9,,, /RXLV¶LQ NRQXPXQGD KHUKDQJL ELU GH÷LúLNOLN ROPDPÕúWÕ 3DULV PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQÕQ NDSDWÕOPDVÕ KHP )UDQVÕ]ODUOD GúPDQOÕ÷D \RO DoDELOLU KHP GH WDUDIVÕ]OÕN LONHVLQH D\NÕUÕ RODELOLUGL ùXUD 0HFOLVL0HWWHUQLFK¶HFHYDSYHULOPHVLGXUXPXQGD2VPDQOÕ'HYOHWL¶QLQ3DULV YH VDKLO E|OJHOHULQGH WLFDUL IDDOL\HWOHUGH EXOXQGX÷XQXQ YH WLFDUHW HUEDEÕQÕQ NRUXQPDVÕ LOH LúOHULQH \DUGÕPFÕ ROXQPDVÕ LoLQ PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQ DoÕN WXWXOGX÷XQXQ EHOLUWLOPHVLQLNDUDUODúWÕUGÕ$\UÕFD2VPDQOÕPDVODKDWJ]DUÕQÕQ KHU HOoLQLQ GR÷DO J|UHYL RODQ GLSORPDWLN LúOHUOe PHúJXO ROPD\DFD÷ÕQÕQ YXUJXODQPDVÕGDX\JXQEXOXQPXúWX 102 1DSRO\RQ%RQDSDUW¶ÕQ:DWHUORR6DYDúÕQGD\HQLOPHVL6W+HOHQHDGDVÕQD VUJQ YH ;9,,, /RXLV¶LQ 3DULV¶H G|Qú NUL]LQ GDKD ID]OD E\PHGHQ VRQODQPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODGÕ 3DQD\RWDNL (IHQGL  (NLP  GH VDUD\D GDYHW HGLOHUHN;9,,,/RXLV H2VPDQOÕVXOWDQÕQÕQQkPH-LKPk\XQXQXYHNHQGLVLQLQ GDLPL PDVODKDWJ]DU DWDQGÕ÷ÕQD GDLU LWLPDW PHNWXEXQX WHVOLP HWWL $VOÕQGD PDVODKDWJ]DUVÕIDWÕQDKDL]RODQGLSORPDWODUÕQLWLPDW PHNWXSODUÕQÕGLSORPDWLN WHDPOOHU JHUH÷L EDúYHNLOOHUH YH\D GÕúLúOHUL EDNDQODUÕQD VXQPDODUÕ 101 102. BOA, +$71 $÷XVWRV

(67)  BOA, +$7WV].

(68) 270. 0XVD.,/,d. JHUHNPHNWH\GL)DNDW3DQD\RWDNL QLQWDOHEL]HULQHQkPH-LKPk\XQYHLWLPDW PHNWXEX EL]]DW ;9,,, /RXLV WDUDIÕQGDQ DOÕQPÕú YH EX ROD\ G|QHPLQ JD]HWHOHULQGHGH\DQNÕEXOPXúWX 103 3DQD\RWDNL $UJLURSRXORV  \ÕOÕQD NDGDU LID HWWL÷L 3DULV PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQGDQ NHQGL LVWH÷L\OH D\UÕOPÕúWÕU 8]XQ \ÕOODUGÕU DLOHVLQGHQ D\UÕNDOGÕ÷ÕQÕYHYHIDWHGHQEDEDVÕQÕQYDVLVLRODUDNPLUDVLúOHUL\OHLOJLOHQPHVL JHUHNWL÷LQLEHOLUWHUHNJ|UHYLQGHQDIIÕWDOHELQGHEXOXQPXúYHEXWDOHEL%DEÕkOL WDUDIÕQGDQNDEXOHGLOPLúWLU. 104 BDúNHQWHG|QúQGHQVRQUD X]XQ\ÕOODU|QHPOL ELU GHYOHW KL]PHWLQGH \HU DODPDGÕ +DWWD 3HUWHY YH $NLI 3DúD KL]LSOHUL DUDVÕQGDNL oHNLúPHGHQ GROD\Õ NÕVD ELU VUHOL÷LQH VUJQH J|QGHULOGL  \ÕOÕQGD KHP DIIHGLOGL KHP GH .ÕEUÕV .DSÕNHWKGDVÕ RODUDN WD\LQ HGLOGL. 105 øKWL\DUOÕ÷ÕQDUD÷PHQ\ÕOÕQGDNL|OPQHNDGDUEXJ|UHYLQHGHYDPHWWL 106 3DQD\RWDNL (IHQGL¶QLQ 3DULV PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQGDQ DOÕQPDVÕ ]HULQH \HULQH )HQHUOL 5XPODUGDQ 0DQR DLOHVLQH PHQVXS YH PXWHEHU ER\DUODUGDQ 'LPLWUDNL¶QLQ R÷OX 1LNRODNL 0DQR¶QXQ WD\LQ HGLOPHVLQH NDUDU YHULOGL107 1LNRODNL 0DQRLONLNDPHWHOoLOLNOHULG|QHPLQGH3DULV¶WHJ|UHYDODQVRQ5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUÕGÕU $LOHVL DVOHQ 6LFLO\D N|NHQOL\GL %LU G|QHP *DODWD¶GDNL &HQHYL]NRORQLVLQLLGDUHHGHQDLOHøVWDQEXO¶XQIHWKLQGHQVRQUD2UWRGRNVOX÷D JHoHUHN )HQHUOL 5XP DLOHOHUL\OH EWQOHúPLúWL 108 1LNRODNL 0DQR¶QXQ 3DULV PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷Ձo\ÕONDGDUGHYDPHWWL5XPøV\DQÕDULIHVLQGHVD÷OÕN VRUXQODUÕQÕ JHUHNoH J|VWHUHUHN J|UHYLQGHQ D\UÕOPD WDOHEL NDEXO HGLOGL YH \HULQH 7RGRUDNL 1HJULNRPLV WD\LQ HGLOGL109 )DNDW 1LNRODNL 0DQR LV\DQÕQ EDúODPDVÕQGDQ GROD\Õ øVWDQEXO¶D JHUL G|QPHGL YH ¶WH 3DULV¶WH KD\DWÕQÕ ND\EHWWL110. 103. BOA, +$7WV] BOA, +$7WV] 105 3DQD\RWDNL $UJLURSRXORV EHOJHOHUGH 7RSDO 3DQD\RWDNL DGÕ\OD ]LNUHGLOPHNWHGLU 6UJQH GDLUEN]BOA, ø+5& $÷XVWRV

(69)  106 3DQD\RWDNL (IHQGL KL]PHWOHULQH NDUúÕOÕN oHúLWOL GHIDODU |GOOHQGLULOPLúWLU øNL GHID QLúDQ YHULOHQ3DQD\RWDNL(IHQGL¶\HD\UÕFDELQNXUXúGH÷HULQGHELUVDKLOKDQHWHYFLKHGLOPLúWLU  +D]LUDQ  WDULKLQGH YHIDW HGHQ 3DQD\RWDNL¶QLQ \HULQH GDPDGÕ <RUJDNL DWDQPÕúWÕU %N]BOA, ø+51 (NLP

(70) BOA, ø+5, 33/1506, 8 S 1262 (05 ùXEDW

(71) BOA, $0.76 ùXEDW 1846).; BOA, +$7WV] BOA09/ù 7HPPX]

(72) BOA, $0.7ù  7HPPX]

(73)  107 BOA, +$7WV] 108 5DQJDEHDJHV 109 BOA, +$7WV] 110 6WXUG]DDJHV 104.

(74) øONøNDPHW(OoLOHULQLQ+DOHIOHUL5XP0DVODKDWJ]DUODU -1821). 271. 1LNRODNL 0DQR \HULQH 3DULV PDVODKDWJ]DUOÕ÷ÕQD JHWLULOHQ 7RGRUDNL 1HJULNRPLVGDKD|QFH%R÷GDQ9R\YRGDVÕ.DOLPDNL¶QLQNDSÕNHWKGDOÕ÷ÕQGD EXOXQPXúWX 111 )HQHUOLWRSOXPXQDVRQUDGDQHQWHJUHROPXúDLOHVLDVOHQøWDO\DQ N|NHQOL\GL $WDQGÕ÷Õ VÕUDGD D÷DEH\L .RQVWDQWLQ (IODN ND\PDNDPÕ LGL 112 7RGRUDNL1HJULNRPLV)UDQVD¶\D JLWPHN]HUHKDUHNHWHWWL÷LQGH0RUD¶GDLV\DQ \HQLEDúODPÕúWÕ)DNDW 0RUD\DNÕQODUÕQGDELQGL÷LJHPLGHQNDoDUDNLV\DQFÕODUD NDWÕOGÕ113 7RGRUDNL¶QLQ ILUDUÕ ]HULQH 9L\DQD YH /RQGUD¶GDNL 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODUÕGDJ|UHYOHULQGHQD]OHGLOGL 114 %DEÕkOL¶QLQDOGÕ÷ÕNDUDUDJ|UH 5XPøV\DQÕQÕQEDVWÕUÕOPDVÕQGDQVRQUD0VOPDQODUDUDVÕQGDQHOoLVHoLOHUek \HQLGHQ $YUXSD¶\D J|QGHULOHFHNWL %X VD\HGH JHQo EURNUDWODUÕQGDQ ELUNDoÕQÕQEDWÕGLOOHULQL|÷UHQPHOHULVD÷ODQDFDNWÕ115 )DNDW.DYDODOÕ0HKPHG $OL 3DúD VRUXQXQXQ JQGHPH JHOPHVL LOH ELUOLNWH $YUXSD GHYOHWOHUL\OH GLSORPDWLNLOLúNLOHULQ \HQLGHQNXYYHWOHQGLULOPHVLJHUHNOLOL÷LRUWD\DoÕNÕQFD\D NDGDU2VPDQOÕLNDPHWHOoLOLNOHUL \HQLGHQDoÕODPD\DFDNWÕ. 116 6RQXo<HULQH 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL¶QLQ LON LNDPHW HOoLOLNOHULQGHQ LVWHGL÷L YHULPL DODPDPDVÕQGDQGROD\ÕoHúLWOLo|]P\ROODUÕJQGHPHJHOPLúYHHQVRQXQGD HOoLOLNOHUGH J|UHY \DSDQ )HQHUOL 5XP WHUFPDQODUÕQ PDVODKDWJ]DU WD\LQ HGLOPHVLQH NDUDU YHULOPLúWL )DNDW 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODUÕ X\JXODPDVÕQD DWDQGÕNODUÕ ONH KNPHWOHUL WHSNL J|VWHUPLúOHUGLU %X DWDPDODUÕ 2VPDQOÕ 'HYOHWL’QLQ PWHNDELOL\HW HVDVODUÕQÕ J|] DUGÕ HWWL÷L YH GLSORPDWLN LOLúNLOHUH \HWHULQFH |QHP YHUPHGL÷L úHNOLQGH DOJÕODPÕúODUGÕU 3HN ID]OD LWLEDU J|VWHUPHGLNOHUL 5XP PDVODKDWJ]DUODUÕQ \HULQH 0VOPDQ HOoL WD\LQ HGLOPHVLQL %DEÕkOL¶GHQ ÕVUDUOÕ ELU úHNLOGH WDOHS HWPLúOHUGLU 1LWHNLP $YUXSD EDúNHQWOHULQH5XPPDVODKDWJ]DUODU\HULQH0VOPDQHOoLWD\LQLELUNDoGHID GDKD JQGHPH JHOPLú LVH GH JHUoHNOHúPHPLúWLU %|\OHFH JHoLFL ELU o|]P \ROXRODUDNGúQOHQEXX\JXODPD5XPøV\DQÕQDNDGDUGHYDPHWPLúWLU 111. 7KRPDV*RUGRQ+LVWRU\RIWKH*UHN5HYROXWLRQ&,/RQGRQV 5DQJDEpDJHV 113 7KRPDV)URVW7KH6HFUHW6RFLHWHVRI(XURSHDQ5HYROXWLRQ-&,/RQGRQ V7RGRUDNL1HJULNRPLV¶LQLV\DQDNDWÕOPDVÕQÕQDUGÕQGDQ(IODNND\PDNDPÕRODQD÷DEH\L .RQVWDQWLQ NDUGHúL LOH PHNWXSODúWÕ÷Õ JHUHNoHVL\OH LGDP HGLOPLúWLU %N] )2 78/111.; 7RGDUDNL LVH LV\DQFÕODUÕQ NXUGX÷X LKWLODOKNPHWLQGH oHúLWOL J|UHYOHU DOPÕúWÕU  .DVÕP ¶GD$QDEROX¶GDKD\DWÕQÕND\EHWPLúWL%N]5DQJDEpDJHV 114 )2-XQH 115 BOA, +$7WV]BOA, +$7,WV] 116 øNDPHWHOoLOLNOHULQLQ\HQLGHQDoÕOPDVÕQDGDLUEN]$KPHW'|QPH]³.DUúÕOÕNOÕ'LSORPDVL\H *HoLú6UHFLQGH2VPDQOÕ'DLPv(OoLOLNOHULQLQ$YUXSDெGD<HQLGHQ7HVLVL-´3URI 'U)DKLU$UPDR÷OX$UPD÷DQÕ(G(UVLQ(PEHO$QNDUDV-182. 112.

Referanslar

Benzer Belgeler

12 However, the role of kitchens in medieval bourgeois houses was of great importance for the medieval bourgeoisie to help them assert their power not only to the upper but also

Polonya edebiyatında çok önemli bir yere sahip olan, hatta Polonya’nın bugüne değin en büyük yurtsever şairi olarak kabul edilen Adam Mickiewicz de söz

&#34;Altay&#34; dilleri içerisinde Türkçeden en uzak olanı Kore dili olup, onun &#34;Ural-Altay&#34; dilleriyle münasebeti hâlâ münakaşalı bir vaziyettedir. Mançu ve

Hakkına ziraatinde, sanayiinde, ticaretinde kısacası işinde; dilinde, edebiyatında, (resminde değilse bile) musikisinde, raksında kısacası zevkinde ; meclisinde,

madde ile Osmanlı devleti, Yunanistan hakkında, İngiltere Fransa ve Rusya arasında Londra'da yapılmış olan 6 Temmuz 1827 tarihli andlaş- mayı ve bunun tatbikine dair 22 Mart

schhor, Griechische Vasen s. 204 Ekrem Akurgal, Spâthethitische Bildkunst. 13b, Buschor, Griechische Vasen s. 211 Buschor, Griechische Vasen s.. holm'deki Grifon vazosu ile,

Çünkü, tarihte Türk medeni- yetini bilmek, ya şı yan Türk milleti için bir temel üzerinde bina kurmak demektir.. Bu çe ş it vesikalar tetkik edenlerce malûmdur

uçur 'Vorfall, Ereignis, Erlebnis'.. s.) diye okumu ş tur. 48 Saray yarl ı klar ı nda, gerundium olarak geçen, bazan da praesens imperfectumda bulunan bir faaliyeti ifade eden