Good and Not so good of learning using Digital platforms: Experience sharing from PG
students
Dr. Suruchi Pandey1, Ms. Mahima Chawla2, Mr. Manank Mathur3
Associate Professor, Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, 411020, Maharashtra, India
Student of MBA(HR) , Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, 411020, Maharashtra, India
Student of MBA, Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, 411020, Maharashtra, India
Article History: Received: 10 November 2020; Revised: 12 January 2021; Accepted: 27 January 2021; Published online: 05 April 2021
ABSTRACT: Gone are the days when learning was confined inside four walls. With advent of technology, education sector has also advanced and a lot of educational platforms have been introduced for online learning also known as digital or e-learning. Though this concept is more famous in West, but during these times of Covid these platforms have reached and covered the gaps which conventional way of teaching couldn’t and people have come to know about the bright side of digital learning as well. Digital learning has replaced the classroom learning. It was in the trends but due to Covid 19 it has completely disrupted the learning pedagogy and also has been savior for the learners across the globe. The present discussion is about the digital learning and issues faced by learners. The feedback was conducted by the learners of post graduate courses and content analysis has been performed.
1. Introduction: Since early age, everyone learned how to process new information. With the passage of time, one learned new things after the start of school. Now it varies from person to person, some people tend to learn from the books and some people learn from the happening in their daily lives. However, one is always restricted to learn from a standard course. Education can be categorized into formal and informal education. Formal education is a systematic form of learning. This education is of a certain standard that is transferred from professional teachers to the students in an institution. Students are supposed to learn from the books or courses. Whereas, informal education means that a student gains knowledge outside a systemic curriculum. A student learns from his or her experiences, exploration and conversation with one another wrote (Okano, Kaczmarzyk and Gabrieli, 2018). This helps them to learn from out of their books or curriculum. They learn from their surroundings and it is then utilized by them in future. Some of the people learn from off-the-job and some learn from the trainings being held periodically according to the needs on the job with practical view point (Roll and Winne, 2015).
2. Literature Review:
In era of data, digital learning has taken a new change. Internet has become a vital part of student and teachers’ life to exchange and gain knowledge on education and learning opportunities (Richard and Haya 2009). Different definitions and terminologies were created with the growth and creation of technical technologies, such as web-based training or online learning, networking, distance learning. One of them is Digital Learning. The term digital learning also known as E-Learning was first introduced by Jay Cross in 1999 (Yoon et al., 2012).
E-learning in technology includes the use of the Internet and other important technologies in the development of educational materials, teaching, and organizational training (Fry, 2001). Current definitions in Dublin (2003) tend to reveal the specialization and interest of researchers. The definition of e-learning encompasses several programmes, methods of learning and processes (Rossi 2009). Since digital learning is being applied in various fields due to more demand in quick flow of information and knowledge, there has been a lot of disagreement on a common definition of e-learning. Hence, many scholars have tried to give their own meaning to the term depending on their point of view and position as a result there is also no standard definition for the term, according to Oblinger and Hawkins (2005) and to Dublin (2003).
Earlier authors considered digital learning as an enhancement of learners' learning and the goal was to improve teaching effectiveness and to encourage personal knowledge and skills through digital formats (e.g. text and/or pictures) via Internet. American Society of Training and Education (ASTE) has defined E- learning astheprocessoflearningthroughdigital media.Digitalmediaincludes the Internet,business networks, computers, sat ellite radio, audiotape, videotape, interactive television, and compact disks. Anttila et al. (2012) has described digital learning as a digital instrument to attain digital education resources for online or offline learning activity
enhances individual learning with the help of several kinds of computer technical technologies. (Clark & Mayer, 2008).
Keane (2021) has divided the digital learning into four parts namely:
(1) Digital teaching resources: It includes teaching resources such as e-books, digitalized data and other digital method contents through which learners could learn.
(2) Digital tools: It illustrates learners ' learning experiences by means of interactive resources like computer desktops, notebooks, tablets, and smartphones.
(3) Digital delivery: It stresses that learners can learn through the internet e.g. on the intranet, Internet and satellite broadcasting.
(4) Autonomous learning: It concentrates itself on students who engage in online or offline learning by means of digital learning. It emphasizes personal self reliant learning and needs the presence of learners with self-reliant learning before learning.
This all helps in the exchange of knowledge irrespective of location and time.
Advantages of e-learning in education, particularly for higher education institutions, has many benefits and is considered among the best education tools, considering its several advantages. Miyoshi et al. (2012) presented some advantages of digital learning in comparison with traditional teaching. (1) Restriction free learning: As teaching is done through online medium, there is no restriction of time and place. (Jude et al., 2014). (2) Rich network resources: The Internet covers rich and varied data that can be accessed by learners simply by looking for key terms. Once the relevant data is organized on digital learning platform for the use of learners, it can be used by the instructors and teachers to include it in the curriculum beyond syllabus which will enhance the impact of learning (Cavalcante et al. 2011), (3) Digital learning contents and tailored learning schedule: In case of digital learning, there is no fixed time schedule, contents of teaching material are prepared digitally so learners can access different courses freely according to their individual level of understanding to achieve the personalized learning outcome. (4) Complete record of learners learning history: In digital learning instructor can keep a record of the learner’s learning pace and can accordingly improve and adjust the learning outcome and course content. (5) Interactive learning: Digital learning was self-learning that more visual graphics, Sounds and pictures than conventional ones should be protected by teaching materials in order to produce appealing and vibrant teaching materials. In addition, digital teaching platforms will provide interactive features such as a chat room and debate, to facilitate two-way contact between teachers and students. (Hockly, 2012). (6) Reduced teaching costs: The teaching materials used in a digital educational platform are maintained as digital files that could be used regularly by students before commencement of classes which was not a possible case in traditional teaching.(7) Effective accumulation of knowledge: All online teaching material and student history could be captured systematically and thoroughly in the digital learning mode. For students, personal information could be acquired effectively and step by step. Teachers should effectively organize and collect the teaching material content through a digital learning platform and deliver quickly to students to effectively enforce the knowledge management process (Jude et al., 2014). (8) Enhancement of learning interests: Digital learning makes teaching more interactive and fun through use of information technology and use of various tools enhances the interest of learners and persistence to learn (Kaklamanou et al., 2012). Digital learning helps students to actively participate in the activities to achieve the learning outcome (Pai & Tu, 2011). (9) Simultaneous new technology learning: Digital learning stressed learners' ability to develop distinct information and evolving computer technologies using digital resources (Shin et al., 2011). In brief, digital learning is appealing as the content won’t change with the medium of learning so that learners can easily learn and resolve the time and space constraints to comprehensive learning.
Inspite of having these advantages, adoption of e learning in India has faced a lot of disadvantages as well. Previously done studies shows that it can be useful or better only for some forms of collective assessment (Dowling et al., 2003). While many other have stated several disadvantages (Collins et al. 1997; Klein and Ware, 2003; Hameed et al, 2008; Akkoyuklu and Soylu, 2006; Lewis, 2000; Scott et al. 1999; Marc, 2002; Dowling et al, 2003). Few of them are mentioned below:
Absence of interactive session: In case of conventional method of teaching, classroom effect was used to be livelier, students initiate and involve more in conversations which is not present in digital learning. However, with advancement in technology, this problem is also being resolve and many alternatives are being introduced. Today, learners can interact and cooperate well with each other using information and communication technologies. (Behnam, 2012; Yadegarzadeh & Rahimi, 2002). But to get the same impact of classroom teaching in digital learning has a long way to go.
Not suitable for practical courses: Mirshekari (2006) believes e-learning can provide training for students in agricultural education, but education should be such that learners would be able to test their performance and get master in visualizing. There is no advantage in memorizing the content of course as a parrot and transfer it haphazardly to others. In this case, we 're just consuming knowledge and don't get to the depths of knowledge. Access to unsupportive information: In this type of training, the learner sometimes has access to false information on the Internet, which is not objectively validated and therefore not accepted. Using this type of information may cause confusion and make it difficult for individuals to learn (Hodavand, 2008).
Students’ assessment and feedback is limited: The Internet provides a great opportunity to get all kinds of information back and forth, but it also makes it harder to analyse other types of student feedback and expertise. (James, 2002).
Many studies have been conducted to study the advantages and disadvantages of usage of internet and other mediums in education. Few of these studies are mentioned below.
Kumar and Kaur (2004) studied internet use by teachers and students and they found that the Internet is used by 46.7% of teachers and 36.7% of students every day and around 90% of those interviewed at their school use the Internet. Only 31.7% of the respondents were completely satisfied, while 36.7% had Internet facilities partially satisfied.
Mishra, Yadav and Bisht (2005) conducted a study to know Internet utilization pattern of the undergraduate students and the study results showed that the Internet was used by most of the students (85.7%). 67.7 percent of Internet users are male and 32.3 percent female. The results from the study also indicate that 61.5% of men and 51.6% of women use the Internet to schedule tasks. Most respondents, i.e. 83.1% of males and 61.3% of females, said they had the issue of sluggish Internet connectivity.
Biradar and others (2006) conducted a study on internet usage by the Student and faculties in Kuvempu University. The findings found that 42.1% of students access the internet two days a week, while 31.25% access it each day. For research and teaching purposes most students and faculties use internet. A vast majority of respondents are happy with the sources and resources of the Internet.
Asemi (2005) indicates that all respondents regularly used the Internet and they had access to all faculties. It was reported that the university's researchers obtained high-quality Internet information. The university library offered access for both students and staff to many libraries and online publications 55 % of the respondents searched the internet for science information.
Joteen Singh et al. (2009) PG students used the Internet mostly through their web-based tools and directories to retrieve information. Lack of power supply and low-speed Internet connectivity were general problems for users to access web-based information.
This learning method states that a learner is capable of controlling the amount of material in certain duration in which they want to learn wrote (Tullis and Benjamin, 2011). Self-paced learning is different from other techniques of learning because it is totally dependent on individuals.
Formal learning refers to a type of learning program in which the goals and objectives are defined by the training department, instructional designer, and/or instructor. Examples of formal learning include classroom instruction, web-based training, remote labs, e-learning courses, workshops, seminars, webinars. It is indistinct whether the chance to self-direct in a word-learning task manages any focal points over a routine wherein normatively troublesome things are allocated more prominent investigation time. There are solid motivations to associate that such regulating designation with study time might be predominant. FitzPatrick (2012) motivation of learners is critical in making elearning successful.
Mittal 2008 highlighted that generally e learning is perceived effective among all age group. Access to technology and customisation can lead to better effectiveness of elearning.
3. Objective of the Study: Digitalisation has spread its wings all over lives of individual and society. Formal education system has not seen so much of digitization, however due to pandemic situation most of the formal university education system has also shifted online . Therefore present study has been undertaken to :
1. Understand PG students point of view advantages of learning through digital platforms 2. Understand PG students point of view on disadvantages of learning through digital platforms. 3. Identify aspects that lead to effecting the learning from digital platform
4. Methodology
Entire world shifted to digital learning during covid times. Schools to Post Graduate programmes. This study is capturing experiences from the post graduate students experience. The study is based on qualitative approach to research. 100 students of post graduate courses were approached based on convenience to give share their experience based on digital learning. Post graduate students already have i)They are adult learners ii) experience of classroom learning and evaluation process iii) Some of them have work experience or internship experience, iv) post graduate courses are aim at outcomes leading to employability of student. Hence researcher kept the scope of feedback for this study for post graduate students. Respondents were approached on email and other digital medium to provide their feedback on digital learning. They were asked to give their experience for good and not so good aspects of learning through digital platforms. Respondent included first year or second year of post graduation courses of one year / two years duration. Respondents represented students from different nationality.
100 responses were received. Around 3000 words were analysed and segregated into broader segment to make word cloud.
Content analysis is a qualitative research tool to understand the nature of responses. From the available data on learning through digital platform thematic analysis is conducted. The response received were categories for further understanding. Ms Excel was used to tabulate the data and categories it as per theme. Tableau was used to create word cloud for pictorial presentation highlighting words associated with good and not so good of digital leaning.
5. Discussion:
The thematic analysis of the data collected lead to the following main aspects expressed by the respondents. These attributes are responsible for good or not so good experience of the PG students’ learning using digital platform.
1. Personal Traits : Aspects associated with individual learners attribute, skills, likes or dislikes.
2. Design : Mainly associated with content and course, delivery . The envionrment aspect of learning are inclusive of design aspects.
3. Technology: Technology and physical setting key to making e-learning accessible to participants. 4. Communication: This category included expectations and experience of learners leading to dismantling
the information, leading to learning. The scope is broad in this category.
5. Health Concerns. This emerged to be facet peculiar to this study. Many respondents reported concerns about health.
The table below presents the further categorization of words under this theme. Table 1: Thematic Analysis Digital Learning Aspects PERSON AL TRAITS DESIGN TECHNOLOG Y COMMUNICATI ON HEALTH CONCERNS Personal Touch Quality Internet
connection Doubt clearance Safety Listening
Skills Creative Data Speed Echo of voice Eyes
Concentrati
on Engagement
Audio Visuals
aids Peer learning
Screen Time Self Management Participativ e Hardware Face to face interaction with
teacher Back Pain
Self Discipline
Question and Answer
Remote
locations Emotional connect
Neck Strain Self Drive
Theory
Subjects Electricity Interaction live
Mental Issues
Self Paced
Practice
Time Physical setting
Participation in
Time and Space
Synchronou
s and
Asynchronous Space allocation
Group Activity/
communication Stress full Home and Family Recording available Background noise and
disturbance Dress Code Frustration
Cost effective
Rewind
Revise Communication gap
Physical movement and activity
Flexibility Evaluation Monotonous
Sleep cycle Quality
Group
Assignment Body Language Lethargy
Make notes E-books Expression
Sitting positions Comfort zone Co curricular/ Extra curricular Hesitation Attention Span Preperation for future skills Scheduling
The word cloud generated from tableau on two cateogories ‘Good’ and ‘Not so Good’. Image is presented below:
Image 2: Not so Good of Digital Learning : Image using Tableau
It was observed students accepted and respondent to digital learning and online learning positively. They look forward to attending their classes and are involved in the learning process. They take interest in class participation and peer learning. They demonstrate self motivation and discipline while attending course. “In the process of adapting to this new normal, I feel we are experiencing quite a different and innovative way of digital learning.” Says one respondent and another one says “Digital Learning has been great so far. I find my grasping ability much better in the remote way of learning. This process is also preparing us for our lives as employees especially in MNCs where international calls and meetings are done remotely daily. I think that the digital collaboration tools are aiding to simulate peer discussions and conversations. There are less distractions in the online mode and overall I love the digital learning experience.”
Looking at some of the comments gives better understanding of students view point on digital learning . Self Motivation and Drive is absolutely essential in making digital mode of learning work for students and education institution supported by FitzPatrick (2012).One of the respondent said “Knowledge base is getting increased. As we are on the internet most of the time, so we keep on working on our skills by researching in different fields not only on our own specialization.” This is indication of motivation level and responsibility on part of learner and it’s a good trait to be keen learner, explore more in related areas.
“Digital learning has definitely increased flexibility as we can study from anywhere, anytime, anyhow. Too many resources available at hand, be it recorded lectures, eBooks, etc.” This is supported by various literature too . Digital learning offers flexibility of time and space. In this study respondents have also quoted it as “luxury”. Similarly another respondent refers to attending classes while not keeping well “You get to learn and attend classes even when you are sick. Under normal circumstances you have to take a sick leave , but now one can take classes from the comfort of bed. We can access the recorded lecture if we miss out something or have to revise for the next class.”
“The teaching and learning can achieve a lot of creativity as digital learning gives us unlimited creative freedom for both teacher and student.” Constant feedback to students while learning is one critical aspect of learning as also concluded by James 2002. Students liked it as they were learning newer aspects of virtual and digital world supported by Shin et al. 2011. Interactive features were liked by and students. However more should be utilised by the teachers. Similar observations by Hockly, 2012.
The experience of digital learning is wonderfull however most of them still felt need of classroom teaching and learning. (Behnam, 2012; Yadegarzadeh & Rahimi, 2002).
At the same time most of them had issues relating to Internet, Hardware and Electricity. The earlier study support the similar findings Joteen Singh et al. (2009). To quote one response “Internet related issues due to electricity cut and bandwidth problems. This causes loss of understanding and concentration of the subject during that particular time” this is similar to many such responses.
Key element is in designing a course and incorporating cocurricular aspects for engagement and extended leaning of students as is also supported by (Cavalcante, 2011) “Without any doubt, I agree digital learning brings ease of access but eventually I feel it’s making people take things for granted and it might affect somehow in different aspects of life. Also the social interaction is something these technologies can’t bring in our lives.”
“The Online learning takes away the whole idea of expression among teacher and students but there may be more disadvantages in terms of self disciplining and time management, lack of practical learning, digital learning doesn't "fit" all subjects, minimum social interaction, and heavy reliance on technology which also has an adverse effect on mental and physical health.”
Similar views were expressed by Mirshekari (2006). “The physical interaction (human to human) is missing to some extend as we cannot see that many students or teachers at a time as physical classes.” Many respondents in the study have expressed physical health concerns for eyes, neck, back and mental issues likes isolation, fatigue and stress. This has been the aspect reflected unlike other earlier studies.
6. Conclusion
The new learning theories proposed digital learning is the future . Some suggestions that can make it work. 1. Have informal session with faculty members. 2. Give gaps between the sessions. 3 Give sessions on emotional wellbeing. 4. Encourage for physical exercises and rountine.5. Subject wise mentor for doubt clearance and interaction.6. Integrating current technologies for practical subjects.7. Making lab demonstration and kits available for students.8. Participation of students in process of teaching and learning. Access to technology and infrastructure is prime requisite for digital learning .
Learning through digital platforms is being accepted by the generation that is known to be digital natives. They have adjusted their learning style to suit the requirement and have developed skills of good learner in online mode. However it can be said that they also want combination of methods. Primarily human interaction to supplement the learning. The discussion generated in this paper mainly highlighted health issues expressed by the learners using digital platforms.
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