SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER

Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile ülkemizin gelişmiş ülkelerin bilimsel ve teknolojik açıdan gerisinde kalmaması ve gelecekte bu konuda ülkemizde ve yurt dışında geliştirilebilecek teknolojilere örnek olması amaçlanmıştır. Özellikle günümüzde karşılaşılan tehlikeli atıkların bertarafı problemine yeni açılımlar ve alternatifler getireceği beklenmektedir.

Hem aerobik hem de anaerobik biyolojik sistemlerde toksik etkiye sahip olan pestisit bu tür proseslerde inhibisyona neden olmaktadır. Araştırmacılar arazide arıtım da denilen wet-land sistemlerinde yapılan çalışmalarda olumlu bir takım sonuçlar elde etmişlerdir. Ancak gerek muamele süresi gerekse sürekli besleme sonuçlarının olmayışı bu sistem. için de bir akım bilinmeyenler içermektedir. Oysa kimyasal arıtımda süreklilik ve verim dikkate alındığında ortaya sadece çamur problemi çıkmaktadır.

Bu çalışma pestisit arıtımında fenton yönteminin rahatlıkla kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Vakum ve fenton yönteminde elde edilen yüksek KOİ giderim verimleri, pestisit endüstrisi atıksuları için rahatlıkla Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliğinde verilen sınır değerleri sağlamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada gaz kromotografisi ile analiz yapılmış olsaydı, fenton yöntemi ile belki de pestisitlerin yapılarının bozulduğunun gözlenmesi mümkün olacaktı.

6. KAYNAKLAR

Andreozzi, R., Caprio, V., Insola, A. and Marotta, R., (1999), "Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for water purifıcation and recovery", Catalysis Today, 53, 51-59.

Balkaya, N., Arslan, A., 2004, Sulu Çözeltilerdeki Pestisitlerin Güneş Işığı Etkisiyle Bozunumu Ekoloji, 14, 53, 18-24.

Barbusiñski, K., Filipek, K., (2001), Use of Fenton's Reagent for Removal of Pesticides from Industrial Wastewater, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol.

10, No. 4, 207-212.

Bauer R., (1994) "Applicability of solar irradiation for photochemical wastewater treatment", Chemosphere, 29, 1225-1233.

Bigda, R.J., (1995), "Consider Fenton Chemistry for Wastewater treatment", Chemical EngineeringProgress., 91 (12), 62-66.

Chen R. and Pignatello J. J., (1997) "Role of quinone intermediates as electron shuttles in Fenton and photoas sisted Fenton oxidation of aromatic compounds", Environ. Sci. Technol, 31,2399-2406.

Chiron, S., Abian, J., Ferrer, M., Sanchez-Baeza, F., Messeguer, A. and Barcelo D., (1995) "Comparative photodegradation rates of alachlor and bentazone in natural water and determination of breakdown products" Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 14,1287-1298.

Chiron, S., Fernandez-Alba, A., Rodriguez, A., and Garcia-Calvo, E., (2000), 'Testicide Chemical Oxidation: State-Of-The-Art, Review Paper, Wat. Res., 34, (2), 366-377.

Fenton, H.J.H., (1894) "Oxidation of tartaric acid in the presence of iron", J. Chem. Soc. 65, 899.

Gonzâlez-Vila F.J., Verdejo T. and Martin F., (1992) "Characterization of wastes from olive and sugarbeet processing industries and effects of their application upon the organic fraction of agricultural soils", Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 46, 213-222.

Gür, K. , Toprak Biyolojisi Ders Kitabı, S.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, S.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları

Habecker M. A., (1989) "Environmental Contamination at Wisconsin Pesticide Mixing/loading Facilities: Case Study, Investigation and Remedial Action Evaluation, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection.

Halmann M, (1992) "Photodegradation of di-n-butyl-orthophthalate in aqueoussolutions", J. Photochem. Photobiol A: Chem., 66, 215-223.

Huston P. L. and Pignatello J. J., (1996) "Reduction of perchloroalkanes by ferrioxalate-generated carboxylate radical preceding mineralization by the photo- Fenton reaction",Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 3457-3463.

Huston, P.L. and Pignatello, J.J., (1999) "Degradation of Selected Pesticide Active Ingredients and Commercial Formulations in Water by the Photo-Assisted Fenton Reaction", Wat. Res., 33 (5), 1238-1246.

Kang, S.F., Liao, C.H., Po, S.T., (2000) "Decolorization of textile wastewater by photo-Fenton oxidation technology", Chemosphere, 41, 1287-1297.

Kavitha, V., Palanivelu, K., (2005) "Destruction of cresols by Fenton Oxidation Process", Water Res., 39, 3062-3072.

Kim Stearman, G., George, D.B., Carlson, K. and Lansford, S., Pesticide Removal from Container Nursery Runoff in Constructed Wetland Cells, Published in J. Environ. Qual. 32:1548–1556 (2003).

Kiwi J., Pulgarin C. and Peringer P., (1994) "Effect of Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions on the degradation and biodegradability of 2 and 4- nitrophenols in water treatment", Appl. Çatal. B: Environ., 3, 335-350.

Legrini, O., Oliveros E. and Braun, A. M., (1993) "Photochemical processes for water Treatment" Chem. Rev., 93, 671-698.

Mansour M., Feicht E. and Meallier P., (1989) "Improvement of the photostabiiity of selected substances in aqueous medium", Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 20-21.

Maureen A., Ramîrez E., Garravvay J.L., (1982), "Plant growth inhibitory activity of extracts of raw and treated pig slurry" Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 33, 1189-1196.

Meyer M.T., Thurman. E. M. Goolsby, D.A., (1996) "Cvanazine, atrazine, and their metabolites as geochemical indicators of contaminant transport in the Mississippi River, Chapter 6 in: Herbicide Metabolites in Surface and Ground Water", (eds. Meyer, M.T.; Thurman, E.M.), American Chemical Society Symposium 630, Washington, D.C., pp. 288-303 (My Ph.D. student, directed research and edited paper).

Monteith, H.D., Parker, W.J., Bell, J.P. and Melcer, H., (1995) "Modeling the fate of pesticides in municipal wastewater treatment", Wat. Env. Res., 67, 964-970.

Muszkat L., Halmann M., Raucher D. and Bir L., (1992) "Solar photodegradation of xenobiotic contaminants in polluted well vvater", J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 65,409-417.

Norvvood V. M., (1990) "A literatüre review of waste treatment technologies which may be applicable to vvastes generated at fertilizer/agrichemical dealer sites", Bulletin Y-214. NFERC, Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL.

Orlandini, E., Siebel, M.A., Graveland, A., Schippers, J.C., (1994) 'Testicide removal by combined ozonation and GAC filtration", Water Supply, 14 and in Proceedings of the IOA Regional Conference, Zürich, Svvitzerland.

Pignatello J. J. and Chapa G., (1994) "Degradation of PCBs by ferric ion, hydrogen peroxide and UV light", Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 13, 423-427.

Prausek, X., (1995) "Fenton reaction after a century", Chem, Listy, 89, 11- 21.

Roche, P. and Prados, M., (1995) "Removal of Pesticides by Use of Ozone or Hydrogen Peroxide Ozone", Ozone Sci. Eng., 17(6), 657 – 672.

Ruppert G., Bauer R. and Heisler G., (1993) "The photo-Fenton reaction: an effective photochemical wastewater treatment process", J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 73, 75-78.

Sawyer, D.T., Sobkowiak, A., Matsushita., T., (1996) "Metal (Mlx ; M = Fe, Cu, Co, Mn)/hydroperoxide induced activation of dioxygen for the oxygenation of hydrocarbons: oxygenated Fenton chemistry" Acc. Chem. Res., 29, 409-416.

Tshabalala, M.A., Han, J.S., ve Kim, J., 2001, Use of Lignocellulosic Materials as Sorbents for Pesticide and Phosphate Residues, Cranberry Institute Grant Final Report, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison.

Walling, C, Kato, S., (1971) "The oxidation of alcohols by Fenton's reagent. The effect of copper ion", J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 93, 4275-4281.

Wan, H.B., Wong, M.K. and Mok, C.Y., (1994) "Comparative study on the quantum yields of direct photolysis of organophosphorus pesticides in aqueous solution", J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 2625-2630.

Wardman, P., Candeias, L.P., (1996) "Fenton Chemistry: an introduction" Radiation Research, 145,523-531.