Bitkiler toksik maddelerin etkisinden kurtulmak için çeşitli direnç mekanizmaları gerçekleştirebilir veya toksik maddeleri detoksifiye edebilirler. Bundan dolayı çeşitli fizyolojik veya biyokimyasal yolları kullanabilirler. Antioksidan enzim aktivitesinin artması bunlardan biridir. Stres faktörlerinin antioksidan enzimler üzerine etkisini incelediğimizde katalaz (Şekil 4.13), askorbat peroksidaz (Şekil 4.14), glutatyon redüktaz (Şekil 4.15), glutatyon s-transferaz (Şekil 4.16), guaicol peroksidaz (Şekil
77
4.17) ve süperoksit dismutaz (Şekil 4.18) enzim aktivitelerinin artan selenyum dozlarında strese bağlı olarak arttığı gözlenmiştir.
Hartikainen ve ark., (2000) Lolium perene bitkisinde, Khattab (2004) roka, Djanaguiraman (2005b) soya, Montillet ve ark. (2005) Lettuca, Çakır (2007) arpa, Chen (2008c) Spirulina platensis alg’inde, Yao ve ark., (2009) kuraklık stresi altındaki buğday fidelerinde, Gökbulut (2010) buğday çeşitlerinde, Schiavon (2012) Ulva sp. alginde, Habıbı (2013) kavun, Keling ve ark., 2013 tuz stresi altındaki kavun fidelerinde yaptıkları çalışmalarda antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinde artışlar bildirmişlerdir.
Koyuncu (2010) Papaver cinsi Oxytona seksiyonuna ait üç türde (Papaver pseudo-orientale, Papaver orientale ve Papaver bracteatum) ısı şoku uygulamasında, Kılınç (2011) Papaver somniferum L. çeşitlerinde yapılan su stresi çalışmasında, Durukan (2011) Papaver somniferum L. çeşitlerinde yapılan tuz stresi çalışmasında CAT, POD ve APX enzim aktivitelerinde artış olduğunu bildirmişlerdir. Gürkök (2013) Metil jasmonat indüklemesi sonucunda oluşan streste Papaver somniferum L.Ofis 95 çeşidinde bazı zaman dilimlerinde katalaz enzimine ait transkriptlerde azalma meydana geldiğini belirtmiştir.
Yapmış olduğumuz çalışmada Papaver somniferum L. Ofis-95 çeşidinde selenyum stresi altında oluşan APX, CAT, GR, GST, GPX ve SOD gibi antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinin incelenmesi kapsayan ilk çalışma olması yönünden oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de kontrollü olarak ekimi yapılan ve ekonomik değeri yüksek olan haşhaş bitkisinde incelenmesinin, bu alanda yeterli çalışma olmadığı da göz önüne alınırsa, literatüre önemli bir katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
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