Multimodal Patterns Comparison

Second comparison will be made between multimodal patterns. As the focal point is dolmuş in the whole study, in this part also the basis perspective will be based upon dolmuş users’ travel times and ticket costs. There are again two different

DOLMUS-BUS COMPARISON

Total Time Loss (Min) -4.29

Additional Ticket Cost in Total (TL) 1.48 Value of 1 Minute Travel Time (TL) -0.34

DOLMUS-METRO COMPARISON Total Time Saving (Min) 1.26 Additional Ticket Cost in Total (TL) 0.83 Value of 1 Minute Travel Time (TL) 0.66

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comparisons here; “Dolmus + Bus” and “Bus + Bus” comparison will be the first one. “Dolmus + Metro” and “Bus + Metro” comparison will be the second one. It is much more important than the previous comparison because, the literature shows that dolmuş like paratransit vehicles are much more successful as supporters (or feeders) of conventional modes.

To start with “Dolmus + Bus”- Bus + Bus” comparison, dolmuş transferred bus choice has 0.54 minute time saving against bus transferred bus choice (See Figure 21). In the meantime, these users pay 0.03 TL per km for this time saving value (See Figure 22). On the other hand, the other comparison is between “Dolmus +

Metro”-“Bus + Metro”. In this second multimodal comparison dolmuş transferred metro choice provides its user 1.14 minute saving on time per km (See Figure 21) and creates 0.16 TL additional ticket cost for that time saving (See Figure 22). The important point in here, which should be emphasized again is that, these results are standardized to the entrances of METU campus and the values are calculated depending on mean km, mean ticket cost and mean travel time. However, different from single mode comparisons, in multimodal comparisons dolmuş transferred choices are definitely advantageous for its users. Fully conventional travel patterns’

conventional feeder buses (as represented in the literature) are not as good as paratransit modes in operating feeder systems of main transportation axes according to the results of survey.

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Figure 21. Travel Time Savings/Loss of Dolmus Transferred Choice Per km

Figure 22. Additional Ticket Cost of Dolmus Transferred Choice Per km Travel Time Saving/Loss Per KM

(Min)

Dolmus+Bus-Bus+Bus 0.54

Dolmus+Metro-Bus+Metro 1.14

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

Travel Time Saving Per Km (Min)

Travel Time Savings/Loss of Dolmus Transferred Choice Per Km

Additional Ticket Cost Per KM (TL)

Dolmus+Bus-Bus+Bus -0.03

Dolmus+Metro-Bus+Metro -0.16

-0.18 -0.16 -0.14 -0.12 -0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00

Ticket Cost Per Km (TL)

Additional Ticket Cost of Dolmus Transferred

Choice Per Km

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To start with rubber wheel modes, “Dolmus + Bus”-“Bus + Bus” comparison is the first one that will be evaluated. For dolmuş transferred rubber tired multimodal comparison, the value of 1 minute travel time is equal to 0.06 TL per km (See Table 25). The value is positive and compared with the expectations it is quite reasonable value for time saving. Even it would not be wrong to state that, up to that part of the study, it is the most reasonable value of 1 minute travel time. Besides, it is important to point out that dolmuş is a better feeder system even for the bus network on the main axes. It is important to find out that result because, as it is stated previously, transportation network of Ankara is actually a rubber tired modes dominated. That is why, this finding could lead the experts to a new integration policy for the dolmuş feeders to not only for metro but also for bus services. However, before passing the judgment on that result, total km comparison could provide better insight for the evaluation. Therefore, in multimodal comparison too, total km results should be evaluated as well.

Table 25. Value of 1 Minute Travel Time According to the User Perception (Dolmus+Bus-Bus+Bus)

If the results of metro related multimodal trips are investigated, “Dolmus + Metro” is advantageous against “Bus + Metro” with 1.1 minute time saving per km. According to the aggregate results dolmuş transferred users are paying 0.16 TL for 1.14 minutes time saving per km. Depending on these two results, value of 1 minute travel time is calculated as 0.14 TL per km (See Table 26). This result shows that dolmuş is a better feeder for metro than bus. Nevertheless, total km comparison again could

DOLMUS+BUS-BUS+BUS COMPARISON

Time Saving Per Km (Min) 0.54

Additional Ticket Cost Per Km (TL) 0.03 Value of 1 Minute Travel Time (TL) 0.06

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provide better insight for the evaluation. Furthermore, as “Dolmus + Metro”-“Bus + Metro” comparison cover Dolmus + Metro/Metro + Dolmus and Bus + Metro/Metro + Bus, there are trips, which are actually ending on the departments (trip ends of these trips too are standardized for campus entrances). It should not be forgotten that, because of the deduction of in campus travel times of each individual, real time saving value is actually higher because of entrance standardized results.

Table 26. Value of 1 Minute Travel Time According to the User Perception (Dolmus+Metro-Bus+Metro)

DOLMUS+METRO/BUS+METRO COMPARISON

Time Saving Per Km (Min) 1.14

Additional Ticket Cost Per Km (TL) 0.16 Value of 1 Minute Travel Time (TL) 0.14

6.3.2. Total km Comparison

To continue with mean travel times and mean ticket cost comparisons in here, as total km travelled advantageous situation of dolmuş remains the same. However, in the last part total time savings and additional ticket costs of dolmus users could possibly give an idea about the mean value of 1 minute time saving. This average value is not a directly paid value again, as explained in the previous sections. For example, according to the Chart 12 below; “Dolmus + Metro” users are paying 2.00 TL more than “Bus + Metro” users. Surely, they are not actually paying that amount but it shows a standardized value (standardization depending on mean km and mean ticket cost calculations) about the monetary differences. The important thing in here is the fact that, there are significant ticket payment differences between the partially conventional and fully conventional public transport users. From the charts below it could be deducted that, there is remarkable time savings for each dolmuş transferred pattern, which means that there is a rationale between total time savings and money costs.

To start with the “Dolmus + Bus”-“Bus + Bus” users’ comparison, there is 7.56 minutes (Mean km Travelled * Mean Travel Time Per km) time saving of dolmuş

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transferred users in total (See Figure 23). These users pay 0.43 TL for this time saving (Please see Figure 24). The advantage they gained against fully conventional pattern users has a reasonable price. As in per km values, dolmus transferred bus choice provides a significant advantage to its users. On the other side “Dolmus + Metro”-“Bus + Metro” users have a much more remarkable difference between them.

Dolmus transferred choice provides 14.37 minutes difference to its users (See Figure 23) and the amount of payment for this time saving is 2.01 TL on average (See Figure 24). For developing a better understanding a detailed analysis is needed.

Figure 23. Travel Time Savings/Loss of Dolmus Transferred Choice Travel Time Saving/Loss (Min)

Dolmus+Bus-Bus+Bus 7.56

Dolmus+Metro-Bus+Metro 14.37

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00

Travel Time Saving (Min)

Travel Time Savings/Loss of Dolmus

Transferred Choice

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Figure 24. Additional Ticket Cost of Dolmus Transferred Choice

In detail evaluation of two rubber tired multimodal pattern comparison “Dolmus + Bus”-“Bus + Bus”, the results show that, the value of 1 minute travel time saving provided by dolmuş could be bought with 0.06 TL (See Table 27). It was 0.06 TL for

“Dolmus + Bus”-“Bus + Bus” per km calculations. It is important to emphasize that, total km value of 1 minute time saving is equal to the per km value of the same comparison. It would not be wrong to say that it is the closest value to the calculated 1 minute time saving values. Consequently, it is obvious that, an integration between dolmuş and buses is possible unexpectedly.

Table 27. Value of 1 Minute Travel Time According to the User Perception (Dolmus+Bus-Bus+Bus)

Additional Ticket Cost (TL)

Dolmus+Bus-Bus+Bus -0.43

Dolmus+Metro-Bus+Metro -2.01

-2.50 -2.00 -1.50 -1.00 -0.50 0.00

Additional Ticket Cost in Total (TL)

DOLMUS+BUS/BUS+BUS COMPARISON Total Time Saving (Min) 7.56 Additional Ticket Cost in Total (TL) 0.43 Value of 1 Minute Travel Time (TL) 0.06

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Continuing with the “Dolmus + Metro” and “Bus + Metro” comparison the value of 1 minute travel time is calculated as 0.14 TL (See Table 28). As the table below shows, it is same with the per km value, which is 0.14 TL. It is again higher than rubber tired multimodal comparison value of 1 minute results; however, it should not be forgotten that both the exclusion of comfort and convenience or higher willingness to pay could be the reason of this. Especially for the metro, comfort value because of the inflexibility in routing, is a crucial input of the decision making.

Table 28. Value of 1 Minute Travel Time According to the User Perception (Dolmus+Metro-Bus+Metro)

DOLMUS+METRO/BUS+METRO COMPARISON

Total Time Saving (Min) 14.37

Additional Ticket Cost in Total (TL) 2.01 Value of 1 Minute Travel Time (TL) 0.14

With this aggregate comparison it has been possible to see the advantages and disadvantages of “Dolmus” and dolmus related two modes compared here namely;

“Dolmus + Bus”, “Dolmus + Metro” against conventional competitors (benchmarks of the system namely “Bus + Bus”, “Bus + Metro”. As the calculation is made for the zones, in which the compared zones are really competing, it is important to see the differentiation of travel time and ticket cost changes. As the main aim of this analysis is to merge the values of different zones to get perceived value of 1 minute travel time, aggregate calculations are meaningful. These values in the upcoming part will be compared with the previously calculated (depending on urban economics literature) 1 minute travel time values which were 0.045 TL and 0.030 TL. With that comparison integration option will be evaluated for the re-formulation of dolmuş operations in Ankara.

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6.4. Monetary Gains/Losses of Dolmus Users and Dolmus Operators