A análise dos volumes contralaterais ao lado operado mostrou uma redução significativa do pólo temporal, do hipocampo e do giro parahipocampal em relação aos controles, tanto em pacientes operados à direita como à esquerda.
A proporção de pacientes operados à direita e à esquerda não variou entre destros e não destros.
A comparação da média do VST entre o grupo de pacientes e o grupo controle mostra uma diferença significativa desta variável, confirmando uma perda parenquimatosa difusa nos pacientes.
O esperado seria que todos os volumes contralaterais ao lado operado fossem menores nos pacientes.
O achado de redução volumétrica significativa apenas do pólo temporal, hipocampo e giro parahipocampal contralaterais sugere um mecanismo distinto do que causou a perda difusa. Permite-nos portanto inferir que nos casos de ELT por EMT a perda não se restringe ao lado operado, sendo evidência de comprometimento bilateral destas estruturas.
Embora outros autores já tenham relatado perda volumétrica temporal neocortical (Lee et al., 1998) e perda volumétrica difusa em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal (Theodore et al., 2003), o dado de perda volumétrica contralateral em uma amostra homogênea destas estruturas é inédito, segundo nosso conhecimento.
6.Conclusão:
• Nossos dados sugerem que pacientes com ELT por EMT apresentam perdas volumétricas contralaterais ao lado operado do pólo temporal, do hipocampo e do giro parahipocampal, sugerindo que as alterações estruturais são mais difusas e provavelmente bilaterais em um número significativo de casos.
• O pólo temporal foi a estrutura extrahipocampal mais comprometida em nossa casuística, em 27,5% dos casos. A perda de volume desta estrutura e da amígdala correlacionou-se diretamente ao tempo de epilepsia, sinalizando um mecanismo de injúria progressivo somado ao insulto precipitante inicial (IPI). • A outra variável clínica que apresentou correlação com os dados quantitativos de
imagem foi a natureza do insulto precipitante inicial (IPI), sendo que os pacientes com crises febris na infância apresentavam menor comprometimento neocortical. • Quanto ao prognóstico pós-cirúrgico, poucos pacientes apresentaram evolução
insatisfatória, reduzindo o poder estatístico deste grupo. Além disto, a grande variabilidade de comprometimento volumétrico das estruturas não permitiu o agrupamento para análise do prognóstico.
• A variável que apresentou significância em relação ao prognóstico foi o índice de assimetria do hipocampo. Quanto maior a diferença de volume entre os dois lados, maior a possibilidade de boa evolução cirúrgica, caracterizada como classe I de Engel.
• As outras estruturas medidas não tiveram significância no prognóstico. Este dado sugere uma importância central do hipocampo na origem e/ou na manutenção
das crises do lobo temporal. Como em todos os casos as outras estruturas também foram removidas em menor ou maior grau, não há como analisar se esta importância central é um fator hipocampal ou se deriva de suas interações com as demais estruturas. Permanece a dúvida se o hipocampo é o gerador primário ou a estrutura final comum da epileptogênese do lobo temporal.
• O comprometimento de várias estruturas em diferentes graus não permitiu o agrupamento dos pacientes em grupos homogêneos, e conseqüente análise individualizada de cada grupo. No entanto este dado nos permite perceber uma grande variabilidade no número e no caráter de envolvimento volumétrico nas estruturas do lobo temporal na epilepsia mesial. A presença de uma rede de conexões com potencial epileptogênico e com conectividade variável entre as estruturas é mais racional que a hipótese de zonas isoladas de comprometimento, cada uma responsável por um aspecto da síndrome clínica.
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