Repetition

Example 1

Source Text Target Text

(Kebapçıya seslendi) Yiğenim çakıyon ya, bacının kebabı beyti olacak, biberi miberi, sumağı mumağı.. (p.51)

“Excuse me, my good man! My sister will have a ‘beyti’ kebab…With all trimmings, mind!” (p.60)

“Kebap” is a type of dish which is famous within southeastern region of Turkey. Although various types of “kebap” made with meat or vegetbales can be found all around Turkey, two southeastern cities have already given their names to the types of “kebap”, i.e. “Adana kebap” and “Urfa kebap”. Since the plot takes place in Çukurova which is an important town in Adana, as a type of dish “kebap” appears frequently within the book. The CSI

“beyti” in the example above is a type of dish made with kebap meat rolled in a pan bread and cut in pieces. Translator employs the strategy of repetition and transfers the term

“beyti” as it is in the original. Although kebap as a Turkish food is generally known by the TT readers, the term “beyti” is a foreign term and reflects the otherness of the ST culture within the context of the TT readers. In other words, repetition of “beyti”

foreignizes the TT.

Example 2

Source Text Target Text

“Babilo,” diye seslendi, “bugün yemekten sonra sen de, ağabeyim de yıkanacaksınız. Uyutma onu ha…

Üstünü değişsin.”

“Sen?”

“Ben de yıkanacağım ama çamaşırdan sonra.”

Bu sırada avlu kapısında berrak bir kahkaha duyuldu. İzzet Usta’nın kız

“Daddy,” she called out, “you and my brother have to have a wash after supper tonight, don’t forget! You mustn’t let him fall asleep. Make sure he changes what he’s wearing…”

“And you?”

“I’m going to have a wash too, but after I’ve done the laundry…”

Just then, they heard a clear laugh outside their front door. It was Master

kardeşi Bankocu Güllü’ydü.

Cemile’nin yanına geldi. (p.61)

Izzet’s sister, Güllü. She popped in and took Cemile over to one side. (p.70)

In the example above the CSIs “Güllü “ and “Cemile” are proper female names used in SL. As they include the sounds which do not exist in the TL and can be difficult to pronunce for the TT readers, translator could have used the orthographic adaptation to provide an easier reading for the TT readers. For example, “Güllü” because of the sound

“ü” could have been translated as “Gullu” while “Cemile” could have been pronunced as

“Jemile”. However, translator decides to transfer these two proper nouns, i.e. CSIs, as they are in the original and applies the strategy of repetition. Since reading these sounds may interfere with the flow of the reading for the TT readers, it can be suggested that application of the repetition strategy at the micro-level results in a foreignized TT at the macro-level.

Example 3

Source Text Target Text

Sadri’nin kaşları çatıldı. Ağaya, sonra ustaya baktı, daha sonra da yanındaki tezgâhta çalışan arkadaşı dokumacı Musa’ya. Hiçbir şey anlamamıştı.

(p.23)

Sadri frowned. He was confused. He looked at the boss, at the supervisor, and then to Musa, his co-worker.

(p.27)

In the example above Musa, a proper male name in SL is a CSI. Repetition as a micro strategy for translation of proper nouns may be a common tendency; however, in the excerpt given above the name Musa is not totally foreign to the TT readers’ context.

“Musa” originates from the name of Hz. Musa, the Prophet Moses in TL. He is claimed to have lived in Egypt, fought against the Pharaoh and divided the Red Sea to help his people to escape from Pharaoh. As both SL and TL cultures share this historical and religious figure, translator could have translated this proper noun as Moses. However, he employs the stratgey of repetition here and keeps the foreign effect of the CSI which helps to foreignize the TT at the macro-level.

Example 4

Source Text Target Text

Tam kahveyi koyarken oda kapısı usullacık açıldı, koltuğunda, telleri at kılından, bir çeşit saz olan gusli ile ihtiyar Muy girdi. (p.87)

Just as he was adding coffee to the pot the door to the room opened quietly, and in came old Muy, clutching his gusli, a musical instrument strung with horse hairs. (p.102)

In the example above the CSI “gusli” is a Russian stringed musical instrument. Belonging to Russian culture, “gusli” is also a foreign term for the ST reader as well as it is an unaccustomed reference for the TT readers. To transfer this CSI translator prefers the strategy of repetition.The CSI “gusli” is repeated in the TT as it is in the original.

Moreover it is written in italics to emphasize the otherness of the term. The fact that the instrument is described in the original with the utterance “telleri at kılından, bir çeşit saz olan gusli” and translated as “gusli, a musical instrument strung with horse hairs” in TT may help both ST and TT readers to comprehend it. Nevertheless, it is still an unfamiliar reference within the TT readers context originating from a different culture. Therefore, by repeating the CSI “gusli” translator applies the foreignization strategy at the macro-level.

3.7.1.2. Orthographic Adaptation