ÖZET
Ergenlik, çocuklar ve ailelerinde pek çok değişikliğin meydana geldiği bir dönemi kapsar.
Ergenler bilişsel olarak farklı bir yapıdadırlar. Çünkü artık soyut kavramları daha çok düşünmeye, daha karmaşık problemler çözmeye, diğer kişilerin bakış açılarını anlamaya başlar ve önceki durumlarına göre ahlaki ve etik bakımdan daha yüksek bir sağduyuya sahip olurlar. Ergenler, bu dönemde bağımsız olma ve kimliklerini bulma yolunda çok zorlu bir süreçten geçmeye başlarlar. Ergenlerin bu dönemde saldırganlığa yöneldikleri görülmektedir.
Bu çalışmada ergenlik döneminde meydana gelen pek çok değişiklik ve zorluklardan bahsedilerek bu dönemin kaçınılmaz bir fırtına ve gerilim anlamına gelmediği vurgulanmıştır.
Ergenlerin saldırganlık açısından gösterdikleri tepkiler fark edilip gerekli önlemler alınırsa, bu tepkilerin zararlı etkilerinin görülme olasılığı azalacaktır. Sonuç olarak, konuyla ilgili yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar ışığında ailelere ve öğretmenlere çocuklarının bu sıkıntılı dönemlerini en az sorunla nasıl geçirebilmelerini sağlayacak öneriler de bulunulmuştur.
Anahtar kelimeler: Ergenlik, Saldırganlık.
ABSTRACT
AGRESSION IN ADOLESCENCE
Adolsence covers a period in which many changes occur in children and their families.
Adolescents have a different cognitive construction. Because they begin to think about abstract concepts more, they begin to solve more complex problems, begin to understand the point of views of other people and have a better common sense as with moral and ethial concerns, when compared to their preceding conditions. Adolescents begin to pass through an influential period on their way to become independent and find their identities. It is seen that adolescents are prone to aggression in this period. In this study, pointing out many changes and difficulties occuring in this stage, it is emphasized that this stage is not inevitably a stage of turmoil and distress. If taken necessesary precautions by paying attention to how they react to aggression, the likelihood that the harmful consequences of these reactions will decrease.
As a result, by the illumination of relevant reserches conducted, suggestions have been made to families and teachers about how their children to come over this stage with problems at least.
Key words: Adolescence, aggression
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Adolescence is one of the most important ages of human life and an age that adolescence experiences many problems, in addition. Adolescence appears to be a troubled period due to the physical, psychological changes and developmental process. The troubles and the contractions experienced in adolescence establish a soil for aggression. The adolscent may display aggressive behaviours towards the environment.
In this study, suggestions have been made to decrease the aggressive behaviors to minimum, by assessing the frequency of aggressive behaviors in adolescence, the relationship between adolsence and aggression and the factors that affect aggression.
I would like to thank to my adviser Assoc. Prof. Mehmet Çakıcı who did not grudged his precious contribution, to Assoc. Prof. Ebru Çakıcı for her support and to my spouse and my family who gave me strenghth.
Öykü ÖZGÜM June, 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No
THESIS APPROVAL PAGE
ÖZET...iii
ABSTRACT...iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...v
1. INTRODUCTION...1
1. 1 ADOLESCENCE...3
1.1.1 Definitions of Adolescence...3
1.1.2 The Characteristics of Adolescence ...4
1.1.3 Development in Adolescence...5
1.1.3.1 Physical and Sexual Development ...5
1.1.3.2 Emotional Development....7
1.1.3.3 Coginitive Development...7
1.1.3.4 Social Development...8
1.1.4 The Problems of Adolescence...8
1.1.4.1 Problems Related to Physical Development in Adolescence...10 vi
2.1 Basic Concepts Relevant to Agression...14
2.1.2 Aggression...14
2.1.3 Theoretical Explanations About Violence...15
2.2.3.1 Psychoanalytical Theory...15
2.2.3.2 Biological Theory...15
2.2.3.3 Etological Theory...16
2.2.3.4 Drives Theory (Obstruction- Aggression)...17
2.2.3.5 Social Learning Theory...18
2.1.4 The Reasons of Aggression...19
3.1 Agression in Adolescence...21
3.1.1 The Management of Agression in Adolescence...22
3.1.1.2 Psychoeducation ………...23
3.1.1.3 The Techniques that Rely on Education of Skills ………...….23
3.1.1.3.1 Education of Relaxation ………...23
3.1.1.3.2 Education of Taking Initiation ……..……….………...…………24
3.1.1.3.3 Education of Social Skills...…24
3.1.1.3.4 Education of Problem Solving…...24
3.1.1.3.5 Cognitive Techniques ………....……….…...………...……….24
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS...25
REFERENCES...28 viii
