Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu Pharynx

Pharynx

Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu

• Part of digestive tube-12-14cm. Long

• From Base of skull- to inf. Level of C6 vert.

• Placed behind- nasal cavity

oral cavity larynx

Continues with oesophagus

Has 3 parts: NASOPHARYNX-post.to nasal cavity OROPHARYNX-post. to oral cavity

LARYNGOPHARYNX-post. To larynx

NASOPHARYNX

• Behind nasal cavity-communication through chonae

• -widest part

• Above the level of soft palate

• Lateral wall:-

-

-Salpingopharyngeal fold- contains same named muscle -Salpingalatine fold

-Levator elevation-contains levator veli palatini M.

-Tubal tonsil (Gerlach tonsil)

NASOPHARYNX ( Continue)

At Roof and posterior wall: pharyngeal tonsil(adenoid)

Pharyngeal isthmus: passage way from naso. to oropharynx; boundaries: free edge of soft palate-post.wall of pharynx.

• closes during swallowing, so food does not pass to nasopharynx.

• what happens when you laugh during

drinking (swallowing)?

OROPHARYNX

• C2-C3 vertebra level

• Anteriorly communicates with the oral cavity through oropharyngeal isthmus ( palatoglossal arch)

Lat wall:palatoglossal arches

palatopharyngeal arches

Palatine tonsil- betw.palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

• Isthmus of fauces: the cavity located bw.palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

soft palate

root of tongue.

PALATINE TONSIL

• On the lateral wall of oropharynx

• Between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches Tonsillar bed

• Has capsule (level with sup. Constrictor m+styloglossus m)

• Tonsillar artery(br. Of facial a.)

• Also branches from lingual a.+ asc. Palatine a.,+asc.

Pharyngeal a.

• Paratonsillar vein(excessive hemorrhage during

tonsillectomy (removal of tonsil))

PALATINE TONSIL

LARYNGOPHARYNX

• C3-C6 vert.

• Piriform recess (fossa)

- internal laryngeal nerve

Structure of pharynx(layers)

• Mucosa

• Fibrous layer-

pharyngobasilar fascia

pharyngeal raphe ( pharyn. Tubercle(occ.))

• Muscular layer ( 3 constrictors+3 levators)

• Buccopharyngeal fascia

• Retropharyngeal space

• Prevertebral fascia

Muscles of pharynx

• 2 groups:

• 1- CONSTRICTOR MM.: 3 constrictors

• 2- LEVATOR MM.: 3 levators

CONSTRICTOR MM.

• Superior Constrictor m.: at the level of nose and oral cavity

• Middle Constrictor m.: level of hyoid bone

• Inferior Constrictor m.: -Cricoid&thyroid cartilages

Ridge of Passavant- palatopharyngeal sphincter –part of sup. Const.

Levator muscles of pharynx

• Stylopahryngeus m.

• Palatopharyngeus m.

• Salpingopharyngeus m.

• All mm. are inn. by the pharyngeal plexus except stylopharyngeus m.

• Stlopharyngeus m. is inn. by 9th cranial n.

( Glossopharyngeal N.)

Arteries and veins of pharynx

• Ascending. Pharyngeal a.(ext. Carot.a.)

• Asc. Palatine a. (facial a.)

• Tonsillar a. (facial a.)

• Greater palatine-maxillary. a

• Pharyngeal br.-maxill. A.

• The artery of pterygoid canal-maxill. A.

• Veins:int. Jugular+facial v.

Lymphatic

drainage