Portekiz de Çağdaş Bilim Tarihiyle İlgili Görüşler*

“From the early fifteenth century onwards, Portuguese history is punctuated by the phenomenon of overseas expansion, which took the Portuguese to East Africa, India, China, Japan

Saraiva, Hermano José, Portugal: a Companion History, Carcanet, 1997...

The year in which he ascended the throne was that in which Luther’s condemnation of the Catholic church precipitated the Reformation; in which the Habsburg emperor Charles V

During the Spanish domination, Portugal was part of the powerful Habsburg inheritance, so that its enemies were France, England and Holland; but once the Portuguese had shaken off

“The reorganization of commercial processes was carried out through the agency of large, privately financed companies, whose monopolies were. guaranteed by

• IMPORTANCE GIVEN TO THE RELATION BETWEEN EVENTS FOR THE FORMATION OF PORTUGAL AND ITS ESTABLISHMENT AS AN EMPIRE OVERSEAS.. •

Portugal chose to align itself with England and Spain and, while declaring its strict neutrality in the fighting which had already broken out, endeavoured to persuade its two allies

Saraiva, Hermano José, Portugal: a Companion History, Carcanet, 1997... The