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TÜRKİYE VE BALKAN ÜLKELERİNDE İŞSİZLİK SORUNU VE İŞSİZLİK SİGORTASI UYGULAMALARI

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UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM AND UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE PRACTICES IN TURKEY AND BALKAN COUNTRIES

Yazar / Author: Yrd.

i

ii

Abstract

Unemployment is one of the most important issues for societies and on the center of political debates in many countries. Becoming a threat for country politics, unemployment problem urged the countries for taking precautions and implementing compensatory policies. In this sense, beside the active policies, various passive policies which aim minimizing the risk of income loss and compensating it could be seen increasingly for jobless individuals. Especially in Bismarckien social security approach, unemployment insurance practices still have an important function for maintaining purchase power and contributing to create source of funds for active labour market policies. But also there are some critics about these practices for taking individuals to idleness or not to work. In this study, international social security databases and statistics will be used as data sources. This study aims to analyze both Turkey and Balkan countries in a perspective of unemployment problem. In this sense, unemployment insurance practices which aim for mitigating consequences of unemployment will be analyzed comperatively and to fighting against unemployment, common policy proposals will be presented.

Key Words: unemployment, unemployment insurance, passive labour market policies, Balkans, Turkey

, gerek

Anahtar Kelimeler: ,

______________________________________________________________________

Bu 26- International Congress of Management

E .

i

ndurusoy@pau.edu.tr

ii

sakbas@pau.edu.tr

(2)

718 1.

ika

olarak yo

anlamda

2. ZL 2.1.

ve

ibarettir

(3)

719 2.2.

im

sunulurken (meslek

(4)

720

Tablo 1:

-

1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014

Arnavutluk 11,8 16,9 13,5 12,5 14,2 16,1

Bulgaristan 18,4 15,7 16,2 10,1 10,2 11,6

11,1 10,1 16,1 12,6 11,8 16,7

Romanya 7,8 8 7 7,2 7,3 7

12,6 13,4 12,6 20,8 19,2 22,2

Slovenya 5,4 7,2 6,9 6,5 7,2 9,5

8,2 7,6 6,5 10,6 11,9 9,2

Yunanistan 7,7 9,1 11,1 9,8 12,5 26,3

Macaristan 11,6 10,2 6,4 7,2 11,2 7,8

(5)

721 4.1. Arnavutluk

ilen 7703 nolu Arnavutluk Cumhuriyeti Sosyal Sigorta

4.2. Bulgaristan

dilen Sosyal Sigorta

nstitute, 2016).

(6)

722

olanlara 6 ay; 5- - - -

- zla olanlara

4.3.

nlerce

- si

aydaki

4.4. Romanya

(7)

723

ferans sosyal 4.5. S

r 3 ay; 6- - ay; 16-

4.6. Slovenya

SA, 2016). Sigorta,

(8)

724

i

ay- - - 9

ya

Service of Slovenia, 2016).

5.7. Yunanistan

Sanayi, ti -

yararlanabilmektedir (European Commission, 2016b).

5.8. Macaristan

(9)

725

ve herhangi bir sosyal sigorta

, 2016).

5.9.

y eksiksi

durumun zaman zaman bire

(10)

726

Tablo 2:

Kapsam Finansman Kapsam ve Hak Kazanma Arnavutluk

%0,9

olmak,

c. Kamu istihdam ofisine ve

olmak

kadar verilmektedir.

. Bulgaristan

Prime esas

%0,4

prime esas

%0,6

ak

memurlar, askeri ve adli personel, emniyet personeli,

Kendi

%1,7

prime esas

%1,7

a. 15- olmak.

yararlanamazlar.

aydaki ortalama

Romanya

memurlar. Kendi

mevcuttur.

Prime esas

%0,5 Kendi hesa Beyan edilen

%1

%1

ayda en az 12 ay prim

c. Belirli bir seviyenin olmak

d. Yerel istihdam ofisine

faydalanabilirler (16 herhangi bir gelirlerinin

Referans sosyal endeksin (154 $) son 12 aydaki ortalama

-

(Referans sosyal

(11)

727

kilometreden daha uzak ise referans sosyal

Prime esas

%0,75 Kendi

Prime esas gelir

%1,5

prime esas

%0,75

boyunca veya son 18 ay olmak.

a

1- -15

-

aya kadar uzayabilir.

Slovenya

mevcuttur.

Sigort

%0,14 Kendi

gelir

%0,2

%0,06

en az 9 ay istihdamda olmak

esi

- - 5 -

- - ay.

i

personel,

Prime esas

%1

prime esas

%2 Devlet:

prime esas

%1

-

ortalama prime esas

asgari

(12)

728

Yunanistan Sanayi, ticaret ve

istihdam edilenler,

20- %1,83

%3,17 Devlet:

c. Kamu istihdam ofisine

kadar; en az 180 g

12 aya kadar.

kadar)

Macaristan

k

%1,5 Uzun vadeli sigorta kesilen

Kendi

Beyan edilen gelir

%1,5

Ak olmak,

herhangi bir sosyal sigorta

dahilinde olunan her 10

emeklilik tarihine

ektir.

Kaynak: International Social Security Association.

konuda

teknolojik ve

(13)

729

-prim

(14)

730

sorunu

gerekir. Ancak mevcut uyg

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS

http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/eca/croatia/efc%20confe rence/russian/EFC%20Workshop%20Opatija%20Brief%20on%20Romania%20Benefit s.pdf

Employment Service of Slovenia, (2016).

http://english.ess.gov.si/jobseekers/unemployment_benefits

European Commission, (2016a).

http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/empl_portal/SSRinEU/Your%20social%20secu rity%20rights%20in%20Romania_en.pdf.

European Commission, (2016b).

http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1112&langId=en&intPageId=2593

Hoxha vd., (2008). Social Inclusion and Social Protection in Albania.

http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=4446&langId=en.

http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1112&langId=en&intPageId=2593 http://livingingreece.gr/2007/03/17/who-can-collect-unemployment-payments- in-greece/

http://www.social-

protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowCountryProfile.action?id=460

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment_benefits#Greece

ILO, (2016). http://www.social-

protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowCountryProfile.action?id=460.

I

(15)

731

-200)

ISSA, (2016). https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2014- 2015/europe/

Living in Greece, (2016). http://livingingreece.gr/2007/03/17/who-can-collect- unemployment-payments-in-greece/.

National Social Security Institute, (2016). http://www.nssi.bg/en/faqs/faqs-2 -84.

23810.

T.C. Resmi Gazete, (2004).

Dair Kanun Madde 1 25590.

Kitabevi.

Referanslar

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