11. SINIFLAR İNGİLİZCE DERSİ ÇALIŞMA NOTU (TEMA 1-2) FUTURE TENSE (-ecek, acak)
(Gelecek Zaman: will) Positive Sentence: Olumlu cümle
Subject+ will+ verb+ object
Ahmet will write a book next month.
Students will take exams next week.
I will go on a picnic.
Negative Sentence: Olumsuz cümle Subject+will not (won’t)+verb+object Ahmet will not write a book next month.
Students won’t take exams next week.
I won’t go on a picnic.
Question Sentence: Soru cümlesi…
Will+subject+verb+object?
Will Ahmet write a book next month? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
Will students take exams next week? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.
Will you go on a picnic? Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
(rain/tomorrow)
Olumlu: It will rain tomorrow.
(Yarın yağmur yağacak)
Olumsuz: It won’t rain tomorrow.
(Yarın yağmur yağmayacak.) Soru: Will it rain tomorrow?
(Yarın yağmur yağacak mı?)
Kısa cevaplar: Yes, it will. No, it won’t.
Uzun cevaplar:
Yes, it will rain tomorrow (olumlu) No, it won’t rain tomorrow (olumsuz)
Ayşe will write her project in the library tomorrow.
S + WILL + VERB + OBJECT + PLACE + TIME
Kullanım Yerleri:
1. Geleceğe yönelik tahminlerde, özellikle I think, she hopes, we expect gibi kalıplarla….
Ex: I hope she will come on time. (Umarım ki vaktinde gelecek) We hope she will come on time.
2. Konuşma anında verilen kararlarda ve niyetlerde: (aşağıdaki alıştırma bu kullanımla ilgili)
Ex: A: It is very hot here. (Çok sıcak)
B: I will open the window. (Pencereyi açacağım)
Be going to (Yakın Gelecek: -ecek, -acak) Subject+ be going to + verb1 +object + time (be: am/is/are)
1. I am going to buy a new car next week.
Ben gelecek hafta yeni bir araba alacağım.
2. Joe is going to buy a new car next week.
Joe gelecek hafta yeni bir araba alacak.
3. They are going to buy a new car next week.
Onlar gelecek hafta yeni bir araba alacak.
4. It is going to rain tomorrow.
Yarın yağmur yağacak.
5. Osman is going to come to Van tomorrow.
Osman yarın Van’a gelecek.
Olumsuzlar..
-1. I amnot going to buy a new car next week.
-2. Joe isn’t going to buy a new car next week.
-4. It isn’t going to rain ……. tomorrow.
-5. Osman isn’t going to come to Van tomorrow.
KULLANIM YERİ…
1. Konuşma anından önce karar verilmişse
Joe has won the lottery. He says he is going to buy a Porsche.
Joe piyangodan para kazandı. Bir Porsche araba satın alacak.
We're not going to paint our bedroom tomorrow.
When are you going to go on holiday?
2. Gelecekle ilgili kuvvetli tahminlerde
Şimdi var olan bir durum veya kanıta dayalı olarak geleceğe yönelik kuvvetli tahminlerde “be going to” kullanılır.
The sky is very black. It is going to rain.
Gökyüzü karanlık (kanıt). Yağmur yağacak (tahmin).
You do not study at all. You are going to fail in the test.
Calışmıyorsun. Sınavdan kalacaksın.
I crashed the company car. My boss isn't going to be very happy!
Şirketin arabasını çarptım. Patron pek memnun olmayacak.
Olumlu, olumsuz, soru cümlesi örnekleri..
Meryem gelecek hafta Ankara’ya uçacak.
+ Meryemisgoing tofly to Ankara next week.
- Meryem isn’t going to fly to Ankara next week.
? Is Meryem going to fly to Ankara next week?
Çarşamba günü İngilizce sınavına gireceğiz.
(+) We are going totake the English exam on Wednesday.
(-) We aren’t going to take the English exam on Wednesday.
(?) Are we going to take the English exam on Wednesday?
Salı günü Jack ameliyat geçirecek.
Jack is going to have an operation on Tuesday.
Sarah / 2 p.m. / meeting with sales manager
Sarah is going to havea meeting with sales manager at 2. p.m.
watch / a movie / they / together
They are going towatch a movie together.
Wh- Soruları:
Projeni ne zaman bitireceksin?
When are you going to complete your project?
I am going to complete my project tomorrow.
Sınav saat kaçta başlayacak?
What time is the exam going to start?
It is going to start at 10:30 tomorrow.
Write your future plans? Gelecek zaman planlarınızı yazın?
(will veya be going to ile 3 cümle)
Örnek cümleler aşağıdadır siz de benzer cümleler yazın..
I hope I will study tourism at university. (Üniversitede turizm bölünü okuyacağım) I am going to spend more time on reading. (Okumaya daha fazla vakit ayıracağım) I will work as a hotel manager. (Otel müdürü olarak çalışacağım)
I am going to improve my English speaking skills. (İngilizce konuşma becerilerimi geliştireceğim)
I am going to learn a second language (İkinci bir yabancı dil öğreneceğim)
Aşağıdaki tablodaki cümlelerin anlamları nedir?
1. Biyo-genetik mühendisliği okuyacağım. (Karar, niyet) 2. Sanırım mekatronik mühendisliği okuyacağım. (Tahmin) 3. ….
Aşağıdaki cümleleri kullanarak karşılıklı konuşmayı doldurunuz..
Cevaplar: 1i, 2f, 3e, 4h, 5c, 6b, 7g, 8…9…
What do you like doing in your free time? You can include your interests. (Boş
zamanlarınızda ne yapmayı seversiniz? İlgilerinizi de ekleyin) 2 cümle yazın. (Olası cevaplar cümleleri kitapta 2. temada) Cevaplarınız I ile başlamalı…..
Ex: I like swimming because it is relaxing. (Yüzmeyi severim çünkü rahatlatıcıdır) Ex: I also read in my free time because I learn new things.
Ex: I am good at photography so I take photos. (Fotoğrafçılıkta iyiyim bu nedenle fotoğraf çekerim)
Abilities
Present Abilities (Şimdiki Yetenekler) Subject + CAN + Verb1+ Object
Jacksoncanplay football very well. (+) ) (Jackson çok iyi futbol oynayabilir.) Meryem can speak four languages. (+)
Meryem can’t (cannot) speak four languages.
I can’t play the piano.
Past Abilities (Geçmişteki Yetenekler)
Subject + COULD + Verb1 + Object (geçmişte nispeten uzun süreli başarı) Meryemcouldspeak four languages when she was 10 years old.
Ahmet could play football well by the time he was a kid.
(Ahmet çocukken çok iyi futbol oynardı/oynayabiliyordu)(geçmiş yetenek) Ahmet couldn’t play football well.
I could play the piano when I was at primary school.
I couldn’t play the piano when I was at primary school.
Subject + BE ABLE TO + Verb1 + Object (Geçmişteki nadir başarılar) Ahmet was able to play football well last night.
(Ahmet dün akşam çok iyi futbol oynayabildi -Önceki maçlarda iyi oynamamış.) Cenk was able toget a passing grade in the exam yesterday.
(Cenk dünkü sınavda geçer not alabildi/almayı başardı-önceki sınavlarda kötü not almış demektir…)
They were able to beattheir rival team last week.
They weren’t able to beattheir rival last week.
I was able to findmy ring yesterday.
Örnekler..
By the time he was four, Guillermo could read and write.
I could mimic bird sounds when I was younger.
We were able to get a really good price on the car.
I was able to persuade her to volunteer at the show.
ALIŞTIRMA:
Boşlukları ‘CAN/CAN’T , COULD/COULDN’T ve (BE) ABLE TO ile doldurun…
1.When I was a small kid, I ...ride a bike but now I ……….
2.My grandfather ... run fast, but he ... now because he is too old.
3.Stephen Hawking ...walk when he was young, but then he lost his ability.
4.Ümmiye Koçak ...improve herself by reading a lot of books when she was young.
5.My best friend ...make delicious cakes. You should try them some time.
6. We ………. get a really good price on the car yesterday.
Cevap: 1 couldn’t/can, 2 could/can’t, 3 could, 4 could, 5 can, 6 were able to
Aşağidaki CV yi okuyunuz soruları cevaplayınız…. True / False
1. Christopher doesn’t have any work experience as a sous chef. ...F...
2. He worked for The French Brasserie for six years. ...T...
3. He isn’t into travelling the world and preparing amazing food. ...T...
4. He supervised less than 25 people in a busy kitchen. ...
5. He not only cooked meals, entrees, snacks and desserts but also checked stock levels. ...
ÇALIŞMA NOTU TEMA 3-7
SIMPLE PAST TENSE (-di’li Geçmiş Zaman)
SUBJECT +VERB2+ OBJECT + TIME (olumlu cümle yapısı) Jack finished his project last night.
It snowed a lot yesterday.
Many people lived in villages in the past.
CHRISTOPHER MORGAN
Contact 476 Darcy Lane Cob Coast QLD 4444 M: 0 455 555 555
E: christopher.mo@email.com
Education Southbank TAFE Brisbane QLD
Certifications
Certificate IV in Hospitality ( Commercial Cookery) :
Graduated in 2003
Responsibilities
Supervised ateam of 25 in a busy kitchen Managed food preparation process Managed all team tasks
Allocated duties and meal orders
June 2003 – Dec 2009: Apprentice chef (later promoted to chef de partie in March 2008) Scales Seafood Restaurant
Southbank, QLD
Worked with different chefs
Cooked meals, entrees, snacks and desserts Prepared sauces
Checked stock levels
Experience
Jan 2010-Sep 2016: Sous Chef The French Brasserie London, UK
Interests
Travelling the world and preparing amazing food French cookery techniques
Kullanımı: Geçmişte olmuş bitmiş olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır. Olumlu cümle yapısı Özne+Fiilin 2.hali+nesne+zaman şeklinde kurulur. Yukarıdaki cümlelerin anlamları;
Jack, dün gece projesini tamamladı.
Dün, cok kar yağdı.
Birçok insan eskiden köylerde yaşardı.
Düzenli ve Düzensiz Fiiller:
Simple Past’ta olumlu cümlelerde fiillerin 2. hali kullanılır. Düzenli fiillere -ed eklenirse 2.
hal oluşur. Düzensiz fiillerin 2. halleri ayrı ayrıdır. Düzensiz fiilleri ezberlemek gerekir ki düzenli fiilleri tahmin edebilesiniz.
Düzenli Fiillere Örnek:
play-played work-worked live-lived complete-completed call-called watch-watched wash-washed fix-fixed
Düzensiz Fiiller Örnek:
do-did see-saw run-ran sleep-slept eat-ate
make-made spend-spent go-went have-had
Ayşe went to the library last Wednesday.
(Ayşe, geçen Çarşamba kütüphaneye gitti.) His mother made a cake for us.
(Annesi bizim için kek yaptı.) Olumsuz Cümle Yapısı:
Subject + didn’t + Verb1 + Object + Place + time
Many people didn’t live .. in villages in the past.
Ayşe didn’t go .. to the library last Wednesday.
It didn’t snow last night.
I didn’t complete my project.
Olumsuz cümlede tüm öznelerle “didn’t” kullanılır ve ana fiil “yalın” yazılır.
Soru Cümlesi:
Soru yapılırken “did” en başa yazılır, devamında özne ile fiilin yalın hali gelir.
Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Place/Time?
Did it snow last night? > YES, IT SNOWED LAST NIGHT.
Yes, it did. No, it didn’t.
Did you complete your project?
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did you buy a new book yesterday?
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did the guests come last week?
Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
WH- QUESTIONS
When + did + subject + verb1 + object….
When did you go downtown? = I went downtown last Saturday.
When did you take the English test? = I took it last Monday.
Why did you come home late? Because I missed the bus.
Why didn’t Ahmet call you? Because he didn’t have credits on his phone.
How many books did you read last year? =I read (v2) 15 books.
SIMPLE PAST OF “TO BE”
Present >> Past form I am >>> I was
He is >>> He was She is >>> She was
It is >>> It was
We are >> we were You are >> you were They are >> they were
Today: Hakan is ill. They are at home. Ayşe is a doctor.
Yesterday: Hakan was ill. They were at home. Ayşe was a doctor.
Osman dün okulda idi.== Osman was at school yesterday.
Onlar dün okulda idiler. == They were at school yesterday.
Ben dün okulda idim. == I was at school yesterday.
O dün okulda idi. == She was at school yesterday.
SORU: Writing: What did you do at home when schools were closed?
Okullar kapalıyken evde ne yaptınız? 3-4 Cümle yazın…
1…
2…
3..
USED TO:
Geçmişteki alışkanlıkları anlatır. Şimdilerde bu alışkanlıklar yok.
Positive: Subject + used to + verb1 + object
Susan used to drink milk when she was a kid.
Susan çocukken süt içerdi. (Büyüdü, süt içmiyor artık) We used to wear black uniforms at school in the past.
People used to travel on horses. (İnsanlar at sırtında seyahat ederdi, artık etmiyorlar) We used to start classes at 8 o'clock.
Pele used to play football in Brazil.
Negative: (didn’t)
+ People used to travel on horses.
- People didn’t use to travel on horses.
+ We used to start classes at 8 o'clock.
- We didn’t use to start classes at 8 o’clock.
+ Pele used to play football in Brazil
- Pele didn’t use to play football in Turkey.
Aşağıdaki tablodaki cümleleri iyi çalışın..ne anlama geliyorlar..bağlaçlar..
Örnek: 1. ……While……..I was driving in India, I found myself in..
2. …When………. my grandparents were young, there were no mobile phones.
3. ………As…. there was no electricity ………..
Aşağıdaki tablodaki cümlelere ve bağlaçlara dikkat edin. Cümleleri iyi anlayın..
Ör: 1. …After……… I had graduated from high school, I entered university. (boşluğa ne gelmeli)? After > Past perfect (Had v3)
2. ……Before.. the Independence War started, Turkish … Before > Simple past (V2)
Aşağıdaki kelimeleri ve anlamlarını eşleştirin..
1e, 2d, 3a, 4b, 5f, 6c
WISH CLAUSES (DİLEK/Pişmanlık CÜMLELERİ)
Geçmişteki pişmanlıkları anlatmak için Wish Clause kullanılır. “Keşke” manasındadır. Gerçek durum için Simple past tense (S+Verb2) Wish cümlesinde S+ had verb3 (past perfect) kullanılır.
1. Simple past: It rained last night, we could not go on camping.
(Gerçek durum: Dün akşam yağmur yağdı, kampa gidemedik)
I wish it hadn’t rained last night. (Keşke dün akşam yağmur yağmasaydı, dileğim şu an ama olay geçmiş..bir şey değişmeyecek…)
2. I did not call Jack and he was absent for the party. (Jack’i aramadım ve partide yoktu) I wish I had called Jack. (Keşke Jack’i arasaydım/aramış olsaydım, şimdi pişmanım) 3. I failed my math test yesterday. (Dünkü matematik sınavından kaldım)
I wish I had studied harder. (Keşke daha çok çalışsaydım, kaldım ve pişmanım..)
4. I slept very late last night and was late for school/work this morning. (Dün gece geç satte uyudum ve bu sabah okula/işe geç kaldım)
I wish I had slept earlier last night. (Keşke dün akşam erken uyusaydım) 5. Hakan slept very late last night and was late for school this morning.
(Hakan, dün gece geç uyudu ve bu sabah okula/işe geç kaldı)
He wishes he had slept earlier. (O daha erken uyumuş olmayı diler.) 6. I spent all my money last week. (Geçen hafta bütün paramı harcadım)
I wish I hadn’t spent all my money last week. (Keşke geçen hafta paramın tamamını harcamasaydım)
7. Mary did not listen to her mother. (Mary, annesini dinlemedi) I wish Mary had listened to her mother.
Mary wishes she had listened to her mother.
Önemli… Aşağıdaki konuşmadaki cümleleri çalışın. Pişmanlık wish clause olarak verilir. Diyalogdaki wish cümleleri eksik verilebilir. Soru şöyle olabilir:
I wish …I had studied….. harder before the midterms. I failed.
Önemli…Aşağıdakileri eşleştirin:
Solda verilen durumlarla ilgili yapılmış eleştiri cümlesi sağdakilerden hangisi olabilir..
Örnek. 1. I could have been hurt ….. (Kötü yaralanabilirdim ama çok şükür ki olmadı.) You should have been more careful while…..(soğanları dilimlerken daha dikkatli olmalıydın/olman gerekirdi.)(geçmişteki olaya eleştiri yapmış)
Cevap: 1C, 2A, 3B, 4D
Reading Comprehension(Metni iyi çalışın)
Aziz Sancar was born in Mardin on September 8,1946. His parents couldn’t go to school;
however, theyappreciated education much. As all of his teachers received their education in the Village Institutes, they were idealistic.Sancar later mentioned that this was a great inspirationto him. Throughout his school life, he had great academicsuccess. He wanted to study chemistry while he was at high school, but his classmates and teachers persuadedhim to study medicine and he got into medicine along with hisclassmates. He studied medicine at the Faculty of Medicineof Istanbul University.
1-2 anlama, 1-2 true/false sorusu olacak….
Örnek: 1. Aziz Sancar first wanted to study chemistry at high school. …..True..
2.His teachers had graduated from Village Institutes. ……True….
