CHRISTIANITY In gospels and In the qur’an

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CHRISTIANITY In gospels and In the qur’an

• Names for Christianity in the Qur’an

• History of Christianity

• The Life of Jesus

• Early Christians

• Political Setting in Palestine

• Jews of First Century Christianity

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Christians in the Qur’an

•Ahl al-Kitab

•Al-Nasara

•Alladhina qalu inna Nasara

•Ahl al-Injil

•Havariyyun

•Ahl al-Kitab

•Al-Nasara

•Alladhina qalu inna Nasara

•Ahl al-Injil

•Havariyyun

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Origin of the Name

«Christianity»

• When he found him, he brought him to Antioch. So for a whole year Barnabas and Saul met with the church and taught great numbers of people. The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch.

• Acts 11:26

• When he found him, he brought him to Antioch. So for a whole year Barnabas and Saul met with the church and taught great numbers of people. The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch.

• Acts 11:26

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Birth of Jesus

• His mother Mary was pledged to be married to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit. Because Joseph her husband was faithful to the law, and yet did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly.

• But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.”

• All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had said through the prophet: “The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel” (which means “God with us”).

• When Joseph woke up, he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home as his wife. But he did not consummate their marriage until she gave birth to a son. And he gave him the name Jesus.

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Jesus the NazareNe

• After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, the Magi from the East came to Jerusalem and asked, “Where is the one who has been born king of the Jews? We saw his star when it rose and have come to worship him.”

• When King Herod heard this he was disturbed, and all Jerusalem with him. When he had called together all the people’s chief priests and teachers of the law, he asked them where the Messiah was to be born. “In Bethlehem in Judea,” they replied.

• Then Herod called the Magi secretly and found out from them the exact time the star had appeared. He sent them to Bethlehem and said, “Go and search carefully for the child. As soon as you find him, report to me, so that I too may go and worship him.”

• After they had heard the king, they went on their way, and the star they had seen when it rose went ahead of them until it stopped over the place where the child was. When they saw the star, they were overjoyed. On coming to the house, they saw the child with his mother Mary, and they bowed down and worshiped him. Then they opened their treasures and presented him with gifts. And having been warned in a dream not to go back to Herod, they returned to their country by another route.

• When they had gone, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream. “Get up,” he said, “take the child and his mother and escape to Egypt. Stay there until I tell you, for Herod is going to search for the child to kill him.”

• So he got up, took the child and his mother during the night and left for Egypt, where he stayed until the death of Herod. When Herod realized that he had been outwitted by the Magi, he was furious, and he gave orders to kill all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old and under, in accordance with the time he had learned from the Magi.

• After Herod died, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt and said, “Get up, take the child and his mother and go to the land of Israel, for those who were trying to take the child’s life are dead.”

• So he got up, took the child and his mother and went to the land of Israel. But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning in Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. Having been warned in a dream, he withdrew to the district of Galilee, and he went and lived in a town called Nazareth. So was fulfilled what was said through the prophets, that he would be called a Nazarene.

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Jesus’ Life-I Jesus’ Life-I

• This history of Christianity is focussed on the life, death and resurrection of one person, Jesus Christ, the son of God.

• The traditional story of Jesus tells of his birth in Bethlehem in the Holy Land, to a young virgin called Mary who had become pregnant with the son of God through the action of the Holy Spirit.

• The story of Jesus' birth is told in the writings of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament of the Bible.

• His birth is believed by Christians to be the fulfilment of prophecies in the Jewish Old Testament, which claimed that a Messiah would deliver the Jewish people from captivity.

• After the story of his birth, little is known about Jesus until he began his ministry at the age of about 30.

• He then spent three years teaching, healing and working miracles.

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Jesus’ Life-II

• He taught in parables - everyday stories which had divine messages for those who would hear it.

• He had twelve disciples whom he called to follow him and help him in his work.

• Persecution and death

• Jesus stated publicly that he spoke with the authority of God.

• This claim angered the religious authorities in Palestine and they handed Jesus over to the Roman authorities as a revolutionary.

• He was tried for heresy, condemned and put to death by means of crucifixion.

• On the Sunday following his execution, some of his women followers discovered that the tomb into which his body had been placed was empty.

• Jesus then appeared to them, alive, as the Jesus they had known prior to his death.

His followers realized that God had raised Jesus from the dead.

• Jesus was seen by many of his disciples and followers over the next few days before, according to the Gospel accounts, he was taken up into heaven.

• He taught in parables - everyday stories which had divine messages for those who would hear it.

• He had twelve disciples whom he called to follow him and help him in his work.

• Persecution and death

• Jesus stated publicly that he spoke with the authority of God.

• This claim angered the religious authorities in Palestine and they handed Jesus over to the Roman authorities as a revolutionary.

• He was tried for heresy, condemned and put to death by means of crucifixion.

• On the Sunday following his execution, some of his women followers discovered that the tomb into which his body had been placed was empty.

• Jesus then appeared to them, alive, as the Jesus they had known prior to his death.

His followers realized that God had raised Jesus from the dead.

• Jesus was seen by many of his disciples and followers over the next few days before, according to the Gospel accounts, he was taken up into heaven.

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Miracles OF JESUS IN THE QUR’AN

• 1. "When the disciples said: O Jesus, son of Mary! Is your Lord able to send down for us a table spread with food from heaven? He said: Observe your duty to God, if ye are true believers. They said: We desire to eat of it and our hearts be at rest, and that We may know that you have spoken truth to us, and that We may be witnesses thereof. Jesus, son of Mary, said: 'O God, our Lord, send down for us a Table laden with food out of heaven, that shall be for us a recurring festival, the first and last of us, and a miracle from You. And provide us our sustenance, for You are the best of providers!" (Quran 5:112-114)

• 2. "He shall speak to people while still in the cradle, and in manhood, and he shall be from the righteous." (Quran 3:46)

• "I am indeed a slave of God. He has given me the Book and made me a Prophet, and He has made me blessed wherever I may be. And He has enjoined upon me prayers, and to pay the alms, as long as I live and (He has made me) kind to my mother, and He has not made me insolent, unblessed. And may Peace be upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and on the Day I shall be raised to life." (Quran 19:30-33)

• 3-Healing of the blind and leper

• 4-Resurrection of the dead

• 5-Animating form of bird

• 1. "When the disciples said: O Jesus, son of Mary! Is your Lord able to send down for us a table spread with food from heaven? He said: Observe your duty to God, if ye are true believers. They said: We desire to eat of it and our hearts be at rest, and that We may know that you have spoken truth to us, and that We may be witnesses thereof. Jesus, son of Mary, said: 'O God, our Lord, send down for us a Table laden with food out of heaven, that shall be for us a recurring festival, the first and last of us, and a miracle from You. And provide us our sustenance, for You are the best of providers!" (Quran 5:112-114)

• 2. "He shall speak to people while still in the cradle, and in manhood, and he shall be from the righteous." (Quran 3:46)

• "I am indeed a slave of God. He has given me the Book and made me a Prophet, and He has made me blessed wherever I may be. And He has enjoined upon me prayers, and to pay the alms, as long as I live and (He has made me) kind to my mother, and He has not made me insolent, unblessed. And may Peace be upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and on the Day I shall be raised to life." (Quran 19:30-33)

• 3-Healing of the blind and leper

• 4-Resurrection of the dead

• 5-Animating form of bird

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ْدَق يّنَأ َليئئاَر ْسسئإ يسئنَب ىسَلئإ ً لو ُسسَرَو • َنّم مسُكَل ُسقُلْخ َأ يّنَأ ْسمُكّبّر نّم ٍسةَيآئب مسُكُتْئئج

ُسنوُكَيَف ئسهيئف ُسخُفن َأَف ئرْيّطلا ئسةَئْيَهَك ئسنيّطلا

َصَرْب َ لاو َسهَمْكلا ُسئئرْبُأَو ئسهّللا ئسنْذئإئب اًرْيَط اَمئب مسُكُئّبَنُأَو ئسهّللا ئسنْذئإئب ىسَتْوَمْلا يسئيْح ُأَو يئفسّسنئإ ْسمُكئتوُيُب يسئف َسنوُرئخّدَت اسَمَو َسنوُلُك ْأَت

َنيئنئمْؤّم مُتنُكسنئإ ْمُكّل ًةَيل َكئلَذ

• And [make him] a messenger to the Children of Israel, [who will say], 'Indeed I have come to you with a sign from your Lord in that I design for you from clay [that which is] like the form of a bird, then I breathe into it and it becomes a bird by permission of Allah . And I cure the blind and the leper, and I give life to the dead - by permission of Allah . And I inform you of what you eat and what you store in your houses. Indeed in that is a sign for you, if you are believers.

ْدَق يّنَأ َليئئاَر ْسسئإ يسئنَب ىسَلئإ ً لو ُسسَرَو • َنّم مسُكَل ُسقُلْخ َأ يّنَأ ْسمُكّبّر نّم ٍسةَيآئب مسُكُتْئئج

ُسنوُكَيَف ئسهيئف ُسخُفن َأَف ئرْيّطلا ئسةَئْيَهَك ئسنيّطلا

َصَرْب َ لاو َسهَمْكلا ُسئئرْبُأَو ئسهّللا ئسنْذئإئب اًرْيَط اَمئب مسُكُئّبَنُأَو ئسهّللا ئسنْذئإئب ىسَتْوَمْلا يسئيْح ُأَو يئفسّسنئإ ْسمُكئتوُيُب يسئف َسنوُرئخّدَت اسَمَو َسنوُلُك ْأَت

َنيئنئمْؤّم مُتنُكسنئإ ْمُكّل ًةَيل َكئلَذ

• And [make him] a messenger to the Children of Israel, [who will say], 'Indeed I have come to you with a sign from your Lord in that I design for you from clay [that which is] like the form of a bird, then I breathe into it and it becomes a bird by permission of Allah . And I cure the blind and the leper, and I give life to the dead - by permission of Allah . And I inform you of what you eat and what you store in your houses. Indeed in that is a sign for you, if you are believers.

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MIRACLES OF JESUS IN THE GOSPELS

• The healing of a paralysed man (Luke, 5:18-19)

• Feeding of the 5000 (Mark, 6:30-44)

• The raising of the widow's son (Luke 7:11-17)

• The stilling of the storm (Mark, 4:35-41)

• The Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-12)

• Walking on water (Matthew 14:22- 33)

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The Crucifixion The Crucifixion

• Jesus is whipped and then, to mock the claim that he is 'King of the Jews', given a crown of thorns and dressed in a purple robe.

• Jesus carries his cross to the place of crucifixion, helped by Simon of Cyrene.

• The crucifixion takes place at a location called Calvary or Golgotha.

• Jesus is stripped and nailed to the Cross. Above his head is placed a sign that says 'King of the Jews'. Two criminals are crucified alongside him.

• After some hours the soldiers check that Jesus is dead by stabbing him in the side. Blood and water gush out.

• Jesus' body is taken down and buried.