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鋰鹽抑制

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鋰鹽抑制 C6 神經膠瘤細胞增生之機制

鋰鹽 (Lithium Chloride) 經常被長期用於治療憂鬱症及躁鬱症。近來的研究發 現鋰鹽可以抑制細胞週期的運行及誘導細胞計劃性死亡 (apoptosis) 。鋰鹽還 可抑制 Glycogen synthase kinase-3 活性並保護細胞免於 apoptosis 。本研究發 現鋰鹽 (LiCl) 可抑制細胞的生長和 DNA 合成,並且 20 mM LiCl 可造成 cycl inB 、 Cyclin E 增加及 cdk-2 減少。使用 10 mM LiCl 隨著處理時間增加,可 發現其可暫時的抑制 p-Akt ,可造成 p21CIP-1 及 Cyclin E 的增加。 LiCl 使 C6 神經膠瘤細胞的細胞週期停滯於 S 階段,以 Flow cytometry 分析,發現細 胞並無 apoptosis 的現象。除此之外,並且可抑制 DNA 合成。這個現象同時 伴隨著可誘導 p21CIP-1 、抑制 P27KIP-1 蛋白表現和抑制 AKT/PKB Thr308 和 Ser473 的磷酸化,處理 24 小時的過程中發現 10 及 21 小時 p-Akt 表現及活 性均有受到抑制的現象。一旦使細胞內的 Akt/PKB 過度表現時可影響由鋰鹽 (LiCl) 所抑制的 Akt/PKB 磷酸化,也改變了由鋰鹽 (LiCl) 所刺激的 p21CIP-1 的現象。但是, Thymidine incorporation 時 Akt/PKB 過度表現時並有改善鋰 鹽所造成的抑制現象,因此認為鋰鹽對細胞可能仍透過其他機制抑制細胞 DN A 的合成。 MTT 的實驗中發現給予外源性 inositol 時並不影響因 LiCl 所抑制 細胞生長的現象,因此,認為鋰鹽的抑制作用並非因抑制 PI-Cycle 而導致細 胞內 inositol 循環再利用不足所致。綜合以上結果,鋰鹽抑制 C6 神經膠瘤細 胞生長作用中,且其中鋰鹽抑制 Akt/PKB 的作用扮演了一重要的角色。

(2)

Mechanisms by which Lithium inhibits C6

Lithium has been widely used to treat manic depression and bipolar disord er behavior. Recently, lithium has been shown to inhibit cell cycle progress ion and induced programmed cell death. In contrast, lithium inhibits glycog en synthase kinase-3 activity and provides protection against cell apoptosi  s. Here, we show that lithium inhibits cell cycle progression at S phase wit hout inducing apoptosis in C6 glioma cells. The effects were parallelled wi th induction of p21cip-1 and suppression of p27KIP-1 protein expressions.

The time course of p21cip-1 induction correlates with inhibition of Akt/PK

B phosphorylation on Thr308 and Ser473 regulatory sites. Overexpression

of Akt/PKB abolished the lithium-mediated inhibtion of Akt/PKB phospho

rylation, reversed the lithium-mediated p21cip induction. Overexpression o

f Akt/PKB did not reverse the lithium inhibition of DNA synthesis. Supple

ment with exogenous inositol had no effect on the lithium-mediated inhibit

ion of Akt/PKB phosphorylation, indicating that the mechanism of the lithi

um is not due to inositol depletion. Taken together, these data indicated tha

t inhibition of Akt/PKB signaling is involved in the modulation of cell cycl

e progression by Lithium in C6 glioma cells.

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