Tropane alkaloids

Tropane alkaloids

Purine alkaloids

Indole alkaloids

Vindoline

Amine alkaloids

1- Nicotine and nicotinic acid derivatives

2- Pyridine and Piperidine Dimers 3- 2-Alkyl Piperidine Derivatives

4- 2,6-Dialkyl Piperidine and Pyridine Derivatives 5- Monoterpenic Piperidine and Pyridine Alkaloids 6- Piperidine Amide Alkaloids

Three species exist in TURKEY,

Nicotiana tabacum L.; Corolla pink-red

Nicotiana rustica L.; Corolla greenish yellow

Nicotiana glauca Graham; Coralla yellow, wax layer on stem

Nicotaina sp. (Solanaceae)

Nicotiana tabacum

L.,

Also known as common tobacco

Growing up to 2 m height, very large (50-70 X 30-45

cm), alternate, sessile leaves, flowers from pinkish to

ruby red colour.

Tobacco

• Psycological and physiological addiction occur.

• Nicotine is accepted to be the main ingredient which cause addiction. It effects both CNS and perferic otonomic nervous system. Nicotine is strongly toxic, approximately 50 mg could kill a human being. One cigarette contains 1-2 mg nicotine.

• Psycological addiction is quite strong, so it is not easy to give it up. Partial tolerence and pysical addiction occur.

Traditional usage

• Religious ceremonies

• Traditional anniversaries

• recreational purposes, enjoy!!

• Medicinal purposes

Pharmacological activities of Tobacco alkaloids

Small and lipophyllic molecules can be absorbed from skin and

mucosa and lungs easily. Main metabolites are Nicotine n oxide and Kotinine.

1- Effect on CNS

2- Effects on neuromuscular gap 3- Efects on autonomic ganglions

4. Effects smooth muscle of the intestine 5. Effects on the cardiovascular system

FOLIA NICOTIANAE, TOBACCO LEAF

Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae) 0.5 - 10% alkaloid.

CH3 N N Nikotin Anabazin N N H N N H Nornikotin

Other compounds in Nicotian sp.

Amino acids

Polisaccharides

Phenolic acids

Fatty acids

Terpenes

Flavonoids

Tannins

Sterols

resins

Pigments

• Causes lung Ca, and of course the other types of cancer. • Chewing can cause mouth Ca.

• Heart diseases

N- nitroso alkaloids

N N NO N'-Nitrozoanatabin N N NO N'-Nitrozonornikotin N NO N N'-Nitrozoanabazin N 4-(N-Metil -N-Nitrozamino) -4-(3-Pridil)-1-Bütanal CHO N CH₃NO C N O N _NO 4-(N-Metil -N-Nitrozamino) -1-(3-Pridil)-1-Bütanon CH3 N NO N-Nitrozopirolidine N-Nitrozodimetilamin, N-Nitrozodietilamin, N-Nitrozodi-n-propilamin, N-Nitrozodi-n-butilamin, N-Nitrozoetil-metilamin, N-Nitrozometil-n-butilamin HO CH2 CH2 N NO HO CH2 CH2 N-Nitrozodietanolamin N NO N-Nitrozopiperidin

The effective agents in forming the tobacco ralated carcinomas, present in tobacco smoke, and the other forms of tobacco.

Carcinogenic compounds in Tobacco smoke

- N-Nitroso Alkaloids

- Nitrosamins

- 3,4 Benzopyren (Policyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) - Alyphatic hydrocarbons - N-oxides - Epoxides - Lactones - Free radicals

One cigarette approximately contains 1 - 2 mg Nicotine, 16 - 30 mg pix and 5 - 20 mg CO.

After giving it up

First 20 min: Blood pressure, pulse, body temperature normalize

First 8 hours: CO level in the blood normalizes and O2 conc. increases First 24 hours: heart attack risk decreases

First 48 hours: Odour and taste senses normalize

Anabasin firstly isolated from Anabasis sp from Chenopodiaceae. Nicotine is/was an insectiside.

• There are 3 Nicotiana species in our country.

• N. tabacum; Aegean, Blacksea, East Anatolia regions • N. rustica (DELİ TÜTÜN, HASANKEYF TÜTÜNÜ)

(Cultivated in GAZİANTEP and K. MARAŞ)

• A nicotianic acid derivative izoniazide (antibiotic) is used in tuberculosis.

Nicotinile alcohol is used as avasodilator in the form of tartarate salt.

• Niacin and Niacinamide are playing role in the formation of coenzymes

such as Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

• Niacin defficiency results in a disease named as pellgra characterized

with lesions on the skin.

• Niacin is also a vasodilator.

Nicotine salts and derivatives