BIO-310 BIOCHEMISTRY II

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BIO-310

BIOCHEMISTRY II

II. WEEK

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LECTURE CONTENTS OF SECOND WEEK

• Definition and functions of lipids

• Formulation of fatty acids, nomenclature

• What is EPA, DHA? Biological importance and formulas

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• Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids,

• Triacylglycerols,

• Storage Lipids

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1life63.com%2Fen%2Fomega-in-your-body-fatty-acids- and-local-hormones%2Ffatty-acids-and-local-

hormones&psig=AOvVaw0DAecSI1xUI_YAw8qyiaXm&ust=1589311407139000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQj RxqFwoTCPillcTErOkCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAM

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fknow-facts.com%2Fabout-

fat.html&psig=AOvVaw2gI2TG03yyeGTs0y5o8Th6&ust=1589140066710000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCKiK x6_Hp-kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABB-

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvitamin360.com%2Feverything-need-know-omega-

3%2F&psig=AOvVaw0DAecSI1xUI_YAw8qyiaXm&ust=1589311407139000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPillc TErOkCFQAAAAAdAAAAABA0

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki

%2FFatty_acid&psig=AOvVaw0DAecSI1xUI_YAw8qyiaXm&ust=1589311407139000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0C AIQjRxqFwoTCPillcTErOkCFQAAAAAdAAAAABBL

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Ffatty-

acid&psig=AOvVaw0DAecSI1xUI_YAw8qyiaXm&ust=1589311407139000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoT CPillcTErOkCFQAAAAAdAAAAABBR

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• The way in which all organisms store energy is fatty acid derivatives. They may be present as solid and liquid.

• The carboxylic acid derivatives with having a length of 4-36 C of fatty acids.

• Some fatty acids may be saturated and some may be unsaturated.

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• The carbon number of the most known and used fatty acids can range from 12 to 24.

• Common points of unsaturated fatty acids in terms of double bonds; double bonds are located

between 9th and 10th carbons( ⁹ )

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids are formed starting from ( ¹²)

• ⁽¹⁵^{) carbons.}

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• The polyunsaturations of the natural fatty acids indicate that they do not contain a consecutive single double bond.

• However, double bonds in natural fatty acids are in the form of cis bonds.

• Trans fatty acids are formed by fermentation in the calves of ruminant animals and are found in meat and milk of these animals.

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• Polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for cardiovascular diseases.

• By esterification of fatty acids with glycerols, mono-, di- and triacylglycerols are formed.

• In the hydrolysis, lipases are involved.

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• Biological membranes are in the structure of the double-layer lipid structure. The membrane lipids are amphipathic.

• The hydrophilic portion of these amphipathic compounds may be linked to the -OH group at the end of the sterol,

• Chemical formulas, diversity and biological importance of phospholipids and glycolipids, ether lipids, plasmogens will be discussed.

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•BIOCHEMICAL FORMULES ABOUT THE CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS WILL BE DISCUSSED

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REFERENCES

MAIN : LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY, DAVID L. NELSON, MICHAEL M.

COX, 5TH EDITION, 2013.

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PRİNCİPLES OF BİOCHEMİSTRY, H. R. HORTON, L.

A. MORAN, K. G. SCRİMGEOUR, M. D. PERRY, J.

D. RAWN, PEARSON PRENTİS HALL, 2006.

COLOR ATLAS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, J. KOOLMAN, K. H. ROEHM, GEORG THIEME VERLAG, 2005.

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HARPER’S ILLUSTRATED BIOCHEMISTRY, R. K.

MURRAY, D. K. GRANNER, P. A. MAYES, V. W.

RODWELL, LANGE MEDICAL BOOKS/MCGRAW- HİLL MEDICAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2003.

BASİC CONCEPTS İN BİOCHEMİSTRY, A STUDENT’S SURVİVAL GUİDE, H. F. GİLBERT, MCGRAW-HİLL HEALTH PROFFESİONS DİVİSİON, 2000.