(1)QUFE (2)➤ Political History of Kûfe ↳ UtHMAN ( R.A

(1)

QUFE

(2)

➤ Political History of Kûfe

↳ UtHMAN ( R.A. )

During the first 6 years of his caliphate there were no problems because :

• The conquests were continuing so a

garisson like Kûfe maintained its life trough booties easily. It basically was the

continuation of Umar ( r.a. ) ‘s caliphate

(3)

↳ UtHMAN ( R.A. )

However, during the second 6 years of his caliphate there occured some problems

because :

• The conquests were not continuing since

the borders of the state reached its limit so a garisson like Kûfe could not maintain its life because no more booty was plundered .

(4)

↳ UtHMAN ( R.A. )

• This was the first sign of the economical crisis. How?

↳

The money shortage in the city forced the seller and farmer to decrease the prices of

the goods to make the people buy but this incured loss for them

↳

Also land taxes started to decrease since the farmer incured loss and stopped farming

(5)

↳ UtHMAN ( R.A. )

• How did Uthman ( r.a. ) react ?

↳

He discharged a couple times the governor ( Velid b. Ukbe → Said b. el-Âs → Ebu Musa el- Eshârî )

↳

He rent the lands called Sevad to some people ( mainly Quraish )

(6)

↳ Ali ( R.A. )

• The Cemel Event and Kûfe

↳

Ebu Musa denied to sent him soldiers. Upon this Ali ( r.a. ) sent to Kûfe Hasan b. Ali and Ammar b. Yâsir to discharge him from his position but Ebu Musa resisted on not to

leave. At the end he has been discharged

with difficulties. Karaza b. K’ab was the new governor

(7)

↳ Ali ( R.A. )

• The Cemel Event and Kûfe

↳

After persuading the public of Kûfe, from seven different tribes were 7.000 soldiers gathered.

↳

At the end Ali ( r.a. ) won and a time later Kûfe was declared as capital.

(8)

↳ Ali ( R.A. )

• The Sıffin Event and Kûfe

↳

One of the envoys sent to Dimashk was Cerîr b. Abdullah

↳

Eleven tribes from Kûfe participated to this event

(9)

↳ Hasan b. Ali

• Kûfe was not very willing to fight against Muaviye although Hasan was

• Hasan b. Ali handed the caliphate on Muaviye because he did not trust Kûfe.

Moreover he also knew that until the time of war they would not back him up

(10)

↳ Movement of Hucr b. Adıyy

• Ali ( r.a. ) sympathizers and espacially Hucr b.

Adiyy were very angry with this execution so the governor had to stop it since the

displeasure rised amon the public. However, when the new governor Ziyad b. Ebîhi was

assigned Hucr and his friends were suppressed because of his threatening actions

(11)

↳ Movement of Hucr b. Adıyy

• Occured because Muaviye wanted to examine whether Kûfe was with him, against him or in a dilemma, so he

commanded the governor Mugîre b.Su’be to curse Ali ( r.a. ) and wish Uthman ( r.a. ) repent from God while he was at the pulpit ( Miber )

(12)

↳ Movement of hucr b. adıyy

• Hucr and his friends have been arrested and then brought to Dimashk. They had a

conversation with him and they were asked to return from their ideas and curse at Ali ( r.a ) in order he might forgive them but exept one they were presistent with their ideas. Muaviye gave personally the decision of their execution

(13)

↳ Movement of hucr b. adıyy

• But the movement did not stop with his

death it will continue with Huseyin b. Ali and other people

• Also Aisha ( r.a. ) got upset when she heard the death of Hucr and Hasan el-Basri added that the Umayyeds will be perished because of this execution and other actions

(14)

↳ Huseyin b. Ali

• After the death of Muaviye, the public of Kûfe saw this as an opportunity to get rid of the Umayyad control of them since Huseyin b. Ali rejected Yezid’s caliphate

• So Süleyman b. Surad, Müseyyeb b.

Necebe, Rufâa b. Şeddâd and Habib b.

Muzahhar sent a letter to Mecca were Huseyin b. Ali was. After that numerous letters were sent to him to persuade him coming to Kûfe

(15)

• The public of Kûfe wanted to discharge

their governor and to accept Husein b. Ali as caliph by the help of him. However, Huseyin b. Ali knew them that well that it should not be very trustfull to the public of Kûfe as they let his father in Sıffin war and his brother

against Muaviye down. So he sent a group leading Müslim b. Âkil to check the

atmosphere in Kûfe

(16)

• In a very short term, Müslim b. Âkil managed to obtain about 18.000 people’s acception of

Husain b. Ali’s caliphate ( ~ 25% of Kûfe ) which shows that Kûfe does not want the Umayyad

sovereignty anymore and reported him to come to Kûfe immediately

• This concerned Yezid that Kûfe can be lost so he discharged the governor Numan b. Beşir that did not accept to fight against the grandson of the Prophet

(17)

• He than assigned Ubeydullah who was also the governor of Basra to Kûfe and

orderer to catch Müslim b. Âkil dead or alive

• He also started to persuade Kûfe and

threated them and was succesfull as Kûfe began to observe and wait whom to obey