Drugs Containing Flavonoids

Drugs Containing Flavonoids

FRUCTUS PETROSELINI

Petroselinum crispum (P. sativum) (Umbelliferae) Parsley

The leaf is generally used, as well as the root and fruit (50-80 cm)

The essential oil concentration in the fruit ranges from 20-60 mL/kg)

Essential oil (% 0.2-7)---Apiol (major component)

Flavonoids---Apioside----apigenine+Gl+ Apiose Fixed oil (%20)

FRUCTUS PETROSELINI

Furanocoumarins (Phototoxicity)

According to tradition, parsley is a diuretic (apioside) and emmenagogue (apiol).

Parsley leaf is also diuretic and traditionally used for menstruel disorders.

O OH OH O Gl Apioz O APIOZIT 7 CHO C OH H C OH CH₂OH CH₂OH

APIOZ (ALDOPE NTOZ)

O O OCH₃ CH₂ OCH₃ CH CH₂ APIOL

HERBA RUTAE

Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) (Rue plant) dried or fresh flowering branch

Characteristic odor, yellow flowers

Cultivated in the gardens Mediterranean plant

Ruta graveolens is growing in all of the Europe and ornamental plant in Turkey.

HERBA RUTAE

HERBA RUTAE

Ruta chalepensis essential oil---- %47

Ruta montana – essential oil (methyl nonyl ketone) - %84 Vitamin C - 390 mg/100 g drog)

Furanocoumarines--- Psoralen, bergapten

Furanoquinolins

HERBA RUTAE

Flavonoside----Rutin (%1-2)---acid hydrolysis---quercetine +rutinose

Essential oil - %0.1--- (Methyl nonil ketone -%90)

Herba Rutae intoxication can cause some advers reactions.

O

OH

OH

OH

O

O

Gl Rh

OH

7

RUTOZIT

HERBA RUTAE

Emmanogogues in menstrual disorders

Rutin--- P-vitamin activity

Ruta graveolens doesn’t used for the isolation of Rutin.

HERBA RUTAE

Isolation of Rutin;

Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae)

Contains 2-3 % rutin Cultivated in Europe

HERBA RUTAE

Isolation of Rutin Drugs are stabilised with EtOH

Extraction with EtOH or iso-propanole Evaporation

Cristallization -RUTIN

Sophora japonica (Leguminosae) flower buds contain rutin (%15-20)

HERBA RUTAE

Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha (Myrtaceae) leaves contain rutin (%10)

Ruta chalepensis flowering branches contain rutin (%10) in Turkey

Rutin increases capillary resistance and decreases permeability.

Used in arteriosclerosis, hypertension and circulatory disorders

HERBA RUTAE

Herba Rutae is abortifacient in high doses, it has caused death.

Fresh plant used externally in reumatism, but it is caused skin irritation.

HERBA BURSAE PASTORIS (Shepherd’s

purse)

Capsella bursa pastoris (Cruciferae) Common in Europe, grows in Turkey

Flavonoids - Diosmetin Choline-%0.2

HERBA BURSAE PASTORIS ,

Çoban çantası

O

OCH

OH

O

O

OH

R h

Gl

7

DIOSMOZIT

HERBA BURSAE PASTORIS

Against bleeding-menorrhagia

Uterine myoma Antihaemorroidal Venous insufficiency

Antihypertensive

Ginkgo - Maidenhair tree

Ginkgo biloba L. Ginkgoaceae The plant has been used for 200 million years.

The plant is a dioecious species with deciduous leaves which originated in the Orient.

Ginkgo biloba

The tree (30 m) is cultivated (in Korea, France and South Carolina) to supply the pharmaceutical market with leaves.

In China it has a traditional use.

Today, it is found in pharmacy and pharmaceutical market.

Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba

Chemical composition;

Next to sterols, aliphatic alcohols, organic acids and ketones Ginkgo leaf contains two groups of compounds with interesting pharmacological properties: flavonoids (0.5%-1) and diterpens (Ginkgolides and

sesquiterpenes (Bilabolides)

Ginkgo biloba

The flavonoids are represented by about 20 flavonol glycosides, namely 0-glycosides, Kaempferol-3-0 ramnosides, quercetin and their coumaric esters.

Biflavonoids (amentoflavone, ginkgetin, bilobetin (apigenin dimers) The biflavonoid level is tree times higher in the fall than in the spring.

Proantocyanidins –catechin derivatives (flavan 3- ol dervatives)

Ginkgo biloba

Pharmacological acivity

Ginkgolide B is an inhibitör of the platelet activating factor

(PAF), a phospholipid intercellular mediator secreted by

plateletes, leucocytes, macrophages, and vascular endothelial

cells. This mediator is involved in various process: platelet

aggregation trombosis, inflammatory reaction, allergy, and

bronchoconstriction.

This anti-PAF activity and the activities of flavonoids (Quercetin)

particulary as free radical scavengers , may explain the chemical

properties of Ginkgo leaves.

Ginkgo biloba

USES: The leaves are used to produce an extract to contain 24% flavonoids and 6% ginkgolides-bilobalide. This extract used for cerebral insufficiency in severel doses. The plant used for diabetes and myocardial and retinal

insufficiency due to ginkgolic acids.

Ginkgo biloba

GINKGO PHARMACEUTICALS

BILOKAN 9.6 MG

GINGOBIL 40 MG

GINKGO 60 MG

SEREMAKS 9.6MG

TEBOKAN 9.6 MG

ST. MARY THISTLE-SEMEN CARDUI

MARIAE



Silybum marianum

(Carduus marianus) (Compositae)



The fruit of St. Mary thistle is known for its hepatoprotective

properties due to flavonolignans.



The drug consist of the rough black akenes with the remainder

of a flower crown on their tops, which is a pale yellow

cylindrical scale.



The plant is common to underdeveloped areas of southern

Europe, northern Africa, and westhern Asia.



This plant is also common in western and southern Anatolia

(

İzmir, Aydın, Denizli, Mersin, Adana, Antakya)

SEMEN CARDUI MARIAE

SEMEN CARDUI MARIAE

Chemical composition: The drug contains 20 to 30 % lipids, protein, sugars, and flavonoids, including quercetin, taxifolin, eriodyctiol, and chrysoeriol.

The constituents responsible for the activity are Flavonolignans initially isolated as a mixture of addition products of a phenylpropanoid alcohol, onto a 2,3-dihydroflavonol, taxifolin.

SEMEN CARDUI MARIAE

This mixture, commonly known as Silymarin, represents 1.5-3.0 % of the weight of the drug.

Silybin is the major constituent of the mixture.

The other costituents of silymarine is silydianin.

O

OH

OH

OH

O

OH

OH

7

TAKS IFOLOL

KONIFE RIL ALKOL

O OH OH O OH O O CH₂OH OCH₃ OH 7 SILIBIN 7 O OH OH O OH O OH CH₂OH OCH₃ OH SILIKRISTIN

SEMEN CARDUI MARIAE



Pharmacological activity



Silymarine or extracts titrated for silymarine are promoted as

a treatment, per os, for liver damage from poisoning and as and

adjunctive treatment for chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis; an

injectable form is used to treat Amanita phalloides poisoning.



The aerial parts of the plant is used as diuretic, antipyretic and

against to reumatism.



Silymarin inhibits membrane lipid peroxidation, act as a free

radical scavenger, and inhibits the the formation of leucotrien

B4 at low doses.

SEMEN CARDUI MARIAE

Silymarine seems to improve the survival rate of alcoholic cirrhosis

patients. It is devoid of acute or chronic toxicity and has practically no side effects.

German Commision E approve the antihepatoxic potential of capsule and tablet forms of Silybum marianum.

Legalon---In Germany and England

SEMEN CARDUI MARIAE

Recommended standardized extract should contain %70-80 of silymarin, and used for 6-8 weeks, 420 mg /day .

After recovery the doses reduced to 280 mg daily.

FLOS HELICHRYSI

Common in Europe (H. stoechas, H.arenarium, H.italicum)

H.graveolens, H.orientalis, H.plicatum are common in Turkey Flowers are used traditionally.

FLOS HELICHRYSI, Altın Çiçeği,

Gudema Otu, Ölmez Çiçek

FLOS HELICHRYSI, Altın Çiçeği, Gudema

Otu, Ölmez Çiçek

Flavonols---- Kaempferol diglycosides

Chalcones --Isosalipurpurosides

Flavanons---Naringetin diglycosides, salipurpuroside

The infusion of the plant is used as diuretic and against kidney stones, traditionally.

OH OH OGl OH O 6' 4' 2' 4 IZOS ALIPURPOZIT SALIPURPOZIT OH O OH OGl O _4'

(5,7,4' TRIHIDROKSI FLAVANON 5-O-Gl)

OH O OH OH O OH 4' KE MFE ROL

RADIX ONONIDIS

Ononis spinosa (Leguminosae) roots

Common in Europe, Western and southern Asia, northern Africa and Turkey.

Isoflavons---Ononin taşır

PROF. DR. GÜLÇIN SALTAN_İŞCAN, 2018 40

O

OGl

O

OCH

RADIX ONONIDIS

The roots of the plant are used as diuretic and against kidney Stones.

Externally antiseptic

The plant has wound healing activity

Daily consumption of the decoction (%2-5) is 500-750 ml.