Research Article
Voluntary tourism as the best tourist destination for volunteer work, especially in the
Corona-19 crisis Volunteering in the Corona crisis, Bahrain took as a model
May MuneerMjuli Alia, Ihab Ahmad AwadAlomarib and Dr. Burhan Mahmoud AwadAlomaric a,b Al-Balqa Applied University - Jordan – Aqaba
cMiddle East University, UAE-RAK, UAE, Associate prof – College Dean
email:a[email protected],b[email protected],c[email protected]
Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published
online: 10 May 2021
Abstract: Voluntary tourism is a new type of tourism that has begun to spread around the world in a way in which there is a lot of reservation about the nature of the perverted view of every charitable work that is intended to provide services of interest to individuals and societies.
In this research paper, researchers will deal with volunteer tourism in our Arab and Gulf countries, and the State of Bahrain in particular. Conditions are a type of tourism, as they are unsafe tourism. Given the nature of the situation and the state the state is going through, or the place the volunteer goes to with his desire to play a humanitarian and relief role. But the voluntary tourism intended in this regard is the tourism in which individuals seek to go to places and regions through which they can spend their holidays, relax themselves, and spend their time in a useful work at the same time, by presenting their efforts, experiences and advice for a place, environment or society. Really needs these efforts, so they convey a positive image to peers about themselves and their societies, and help societies, environments and peoples that may need this intervention and a positive role.
Volunteer tourism in the Gulf societies and the State of Bahrain is one of the new types of tourism that benefit the host countries from the experiences and energies of the volunteer youth. The youth also learn aspects of the world they do not know and develop the capabilities of education and reform, in addition to aspects of entertainment. There are hundreds of volunteer organizations and charities that take care of dozens of issues, from children's education to development and construction projects to animal welfare. The volunteer tourist only has to define his areas of interest and the period that he would like to spend in humanitarian service during his voluntary travel.
Nobody knows in particular how volunteer tourism originated, but some believe that the establishment of former US President John F. Kennedy of the American peace forces that arose with the aim of helping the countries of the world in emergencies, natural disasters and crises, is the beginning of this trend to help others for nothing. Volunteer tourism developed in the nineties to the point that the specialized publication "Condi Nast Traveler" considered it one of the directions of future tourism. A new name was created for this type of tourism, which combines volunteerism and tourism, which is (Voluntourism). Companies such as Go Eco and Go Volunteering have also specialized in facilitating the tasks of travelers to volunteer to find suitable opportunities for them and make all the required arrangements.
Keywords:
1. Introduction
Volunteer tourism around the world is one of the most beneficial ways to travel abroad. It is only logical that the new individual in general should embark on the sensitive work of humanitarian action. After all, one considers the best way for the traveler than to add volunteering to which a vacation gives a comprehensive list of destinations to add to his list of trips abroad.
These destinations are ideal for a wonderful travel experience, with opportunities to visit some of the best places and heritage sites in the world, including the Kingdom of Bahrain, while making a significant contribution to the lives of local residents. In order for an individual to add these amazing places to their list of travel destinations and book your location to volunteer at your favorite destination in 2019-2021.
Within what is known as "voluntary tourism", which means combining travel with charitable work during vacations.
Which runs international organizations and voluntary charitable bodies this type of travel, as it allows the volunteer tourist to participate in development and humanitarian projects that make a difference in the world, and according to his interest, he can choose between dozens of projects and issues that vary between education, health care and the environment, in order to start his charitable journey, as a teacher Somewhere in Southeast Asia, or at an orphanage taking care of children in an African country, or being part of a Latin American wildlife rescue project.
Most countries around the world are witnessing the benefits of volunteering in support of government measures towards combating Corona virus; theresearchers took the Kingdom of Bahrain as an ideal model for this studysheds light on various examples from countries around the world and Bahrain's successful experience.
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.A background on volunteer tourism work in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Through the close follow-up of the developments of the Corona crisis around the world and the studies that one of the researchers made in the midst of the huge amount of successive news and analyzes, especially the new modified Brazilian strain, the researchers' attention drew the news that a number of young people have undertaken self-initiatives in a number of countries, including Bahraini youth, with initiatives to contribute to Helping and mitigating the effects of that epidemic on various segments of society, coinciding with the British Prime Minister Boris Johnson's call to the British people to volunteer, and more than 400,000 doctors and others answered the call. This news and others also included highly influential humanitarian scenes, including that a 72-year-old Italian priest was admitted to a hospital north-east of Milan because of his infection with the virus, but he refused a ventilator and donated it to one of the infected young men, stressing that he was more entitled to him because he is still in his young age and the priest died.
Affected by the virus, to be the talk of the Italian street for days, this is what has called many young people to undertake voluntary humanitarian initiatives at the state level to alleviate the Corona pandemic, which has affected more than 80 countries around the world.
These and other scenes were not intended for volunteer work during crises, but they were revealing to it. During my academic interest in the field of crisis management and vigorous scientific research, I found that there are distinguished experiences of volunteer efforts in some countries and had a great impact on facing them. I refer here to three cases that intensify our attention as researchers, the first : The triple danger that Japan faced in 2011 represented in the earthquake, tsunami and radiation leakage from some nuclear reactors, where civil society played a very important role in supporting government efforts, something that was not praised only in Japan but also in the world, and the second: the attacks in America (Al-Horraj) on 11/11/9/2001 and led to the destruction of Hail in addition to 2,977 of the dead and 25,000 wounded in September and the attacks that took place in the Indian city of Bombay in 2008, when groups of armed men attacked a number of hotels, restaurants, hospitals and train stations. This resulted in the death of 195 people and the wounding of hundreds, and it was noted that the rescue efforts on the part of volunteer work were the most interesting and attentive even before the arrival of government forces. They are for volunteer work towards the torrential crisis that Egypt faced during different years and Jordan, the torrents that swept the country and killed a number of individuals.
Returning to volunteer work during the Corona epidemic crisis in Bahrain, the Arab Gulf states, Jordan and other countries of the third world, the scenes are numerous and there is no room for them to be addressed in this limited study, but it raised three important questions for researchers to address in this study, namely:
First: What are the mechanisms for building a culture of volunteering?
Second: What is the importance of voluntary work and civil society institutions in general during crises and
disasters in the State of Bahrain?
Third: What are the implications of volunteer work and how can it be invested in promoting the national goals
of the State of Bahrain in the future?
Voluntary efforts in the Corona crisis: Arab and international scenes .. Bahrain and the Arab Gulf states are considered a model
First of all, volunteer work is the result of a cultural and social environment that believes that the interconnectedness and cohesion between the people of the same nation is a strategic necessity, rather it is the basis of the strength of societies, and Bahraini volunteer work has three pillars like any other country:
1- An educational pillar: In Bahrain, for example, it has been noted that educational institutions are interested in establishing this concept as an essential part of the school curriculum, whether through cleaning beaches or setting aside a day to take care of people with special needs and other aspects.
2- Institutional pillar: By allocating the Kingdom of Bahrain the award of His Highness Sheikh Isa bin Ali bin Khalifa Al Khalifa for volunteer work, whose prizes were announced for the ninth year last year 2019, this coincides with the remarkable growth of Bahraini civil society institutions that play a prominent role in volunteer work,
3- An awareness pillar: through the role of the media in raising awareness of the importance of that work. The foregoing means that the concrete voluntary efforts through the Corona crisis or the Corona-19 pandemic, whether in the Kingdom of Bahrain or the Gulf countries or Jordan, Egypt and other third world countries as they are in other global countries are the product of work extended over not a few years and represent a solid foundation that has been built Therefore, by confronting the Corona epidemic, including the announcement of the National Campaign to Combat Corona in Bahrain about the opening of the door for volunteering to work in the
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Health Volunteer", and in Jordan the campaign of all of us, the Molham volunteering team for youth, the Development Pioneers Foundation and free grants 2020 volunteers in Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Tkiyet Um Ali, and in the United Arab Emirates have launched an initiative entitled “Your City Calls You to Volunteer”, all of which met an unprecedented response from the people of the Gulf and other Arab countries, which answers the second question about the importance of volunteering, which can be identified in three things:The first: The greater the scale of disasters and crises, the greater the need for volunteer work, and Corona has
provided irrefutable evidence for that, as it exceeded the capabilities of all countries of the world, even the advanced ones, so volunteers have the ability to reach the needy groups, perhaps faster,
The second: the volunteers ’knowledge of their areas and identifying the groups most in need of assistance
without others,
The third: the diversity of the aid provided by the volunteers according to the needs of the regions, thus
contributing to the integration of efforts and achieving benefits from them.
With the importance of volunteer work during crises and disasters, it has several connotations, including that it reaffirms the single social fabric. There is no doubt that the large response to volunteer appeals, on the other hand, enhances confidence in the role of governments and thus strengthens the foundations of the national state in the absence of effective international frameworks to confront this type of crisis.
In the opinion of the researchers, the manifestations of volunteer work that appeared during the Brazilian Corona 19-21 pandemic crisis can be exploited in the future on more than one level, including:
The first: to benefit from these volunteer energies within future programs in sustainable development plans that the Gulf countries are implementing, including the State of Bahrain,
Second: Thinking about establishing specialized specialized work teams and giving them the necessary training to be ready to work during crises, each in its own right, with what that means to maximize the benefit of volunteer work in the future in a more organized manner.
The third: the development of volunteer work, whether through the approval of the necessary legislation for it, or the consolidation of volunteering as a societal value through the curricula taught in universities, schools, colleges, educational institutes and various media.
In sum, the researchers said that despite the tremendous challenges created by the disastrous and unprecedented Corona crisis and us from Brazil 2021, it has revealed another important aspect, which is that the real wealth of nations is in their children who realize the importance and meaning that the interests of the countries are above all and that there is a responsibility. It is the responsibility of every individual towards the homeland, which considers crises and disasters a real test for it, which is the matter in which the Arab Gulf states and neighboring Arab countries clearly demonstrated their distinction during that crisis, which means that there is a solid foundation on which to build in the future for government efforts to integrate with their societal counterparts and have readiness. To deal with any emergency developments, regardless of their severity, and then there is certainty that they will be able to overcome them.
At the European level (“World Health”: Coronavirus infections rise in Europe after weeks of decline) Friday March 05, 2021 The organization announced, “The regional administration of the World Health Organization announced that the number of Coronavirus infections is rising again in Europe, after six weeks of decline, regional Organization for Europe, Hans Kluge in a press conference, “We notice a resurgence (of the epidemic boom) in Central and Eastern Europe, where the rates were already high.
And as she announced, "Last week, the number of Covid-19 cases in Europe increased by 9%, to just over a million, according to the European branch of the Health Organization, which includes more than fifty countries located in Europe and even Central Asia."
Kluge emphasized that "this matter puts an end to a promising decline in the number of new infections that lasted for six weeks, with more than half (countries) of our region registering an increasing number of new infections."
He considered that the Europeans should "return to the basic principles" to combat the virus and its mutated versions, by using the applicable tools and accelerating the pace of vaccination.
"We need to expand the range of vaccines used," he said.
Of the 53 countries in the region of the European branch of the World Health Organization, 45 of them have started the vaccination campaign”.
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According to official data collected by Agence France-Presse, 2.6% of the population in the European Union received two doses of one of the COVID-19 vaccines, and 5.4% of them received at least one dose.Yesterday, the European Medicines Agency began a review of the Russian Sputnik-V vaccine against the Coronavirus, which Russia said was ready to provide doses of it to 50 million Europeans.
The Russian Sputnik-V vaccine passed a major stage yesterday in the direction of its distribution in the European Union countries, with the start of its review by the Amsterdam-based European Medicines Agency.
After this announcement, Russian authorities said they are ready to offer doses of 50 million Europeans from June.
Russian President Vladimir Putin announced yesterday that more than two million Russians have received two doses of the Sputnik-V vaccine, while one dose has been given to another two million Russians.
The Kuwaiti government spokesman said on official television that the authorities will impose a curfew from 5 pm until 5 am and close parks from next Sunday to April 8, as part of efforts to contain the Corona virus.
Kuwait recorded a record increase in injuries yesterday, amounting to 1716 cases. The number of injuries had fallen below 300 per day late last year, after rising in May to about 1,100.
In Morocco, the government stated in a statement after its weekly meeting that it had approved a decree extending the state of health emergency that was due to end on March 10 for another month, “in order to ensure the continued effectiveness and efficacy of the measures and measures taken to address the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic” in Jordan, more than 5,000 injuries a day and dozens of deaths daily.
The campaign, which began in late January, based on the AstraZeneca and Cinopharm vaccines, has resulted in the vaccination of more than 3.7 million people, including more than 360,000 who received the second dose of the vaccine, according to the latest official tally on Wednesday.
The total number of people infected with the epidemic is approximately 885,000, of whom 8,653 died since the virus appeared in the Kingdom a year ago.
To answer research questionsresearcherspresenting part of the initiatives of the State of Bahrain and the mechanisms used, namely:
The first question:
1- There is a wide demand for volunteer work by Bahraini youth who write impressive success stories as Bahraini youth today are aware and aware of the meaning of volunteer work, especially after the Corona Covid-19 crisis, and there are many of them who go to volunteer work, as volunteer work will raise its owner; Because he provides goodness, generosity and love to people and society, as well as develops the personality of the volunteer, so he becomes an effective cooperative figure receptive to different opinions to develop the personality and the language of dialogue.
2- Voluntary work is supported by His Majesty the King to make Bahrain a global icon of volunteering On the occasion of International Volunteer Day, Mr. Hassan Bouhaza, President of the Good Word Society and President of the Arab Federation for Volunteering, said, “The Kingdom of Bahrain has become today an icon in volunteer work at the regional and global level, due to the full support and attribution that this noble humanitarian work enjoys from His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, the beloved monarch of the country, may God protect him, noting that His Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, may God protect him, has realized the importance of volunteering as a human value that must have an active presence in the national affairs so that his highness opens the field with his honorable command Citizens are in front of the citizens to contribute to supporting the state's efforts to confront the Corona virus - Covid 19 in front of volunteering, as the people who responded to the directives of His Highness and answered the call of the homeland presented a volunteer patriotic epic and a vivid example of the strong link between volunteering and patriotism, so that together they form a beautiful image of Bahraini society that everyone can be proud of and boast in front of countries and the world."
3- A wonderful example of awareness by the Bahrain Association for Voluntary Work, which considers volunteer work as a patriotic duty and a civilized behavior to create a generation aware of the culture of volunteer work as the main visions of the State of Bahrain with the support of the King, government and civil agencies at the level of the beloved nation.
4- Voluntary work centers, based on the directions of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development to empower the private sector (private) and push it to participate in the wheel of social development and enhance its
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opportunities on the one hand and the available spaces to invest the capabilities of volunteers wishing to contribute to social and economic work in an organized manner, in addition to bridging the gap between volunteering opportunities and the volunteers' desires.The center is the first of its kind in the Kingdom of Bahrain as a comprehensive official umbrella to provide voluntary services to the community in an organized and accessible manner, whose contributions appeared in the global Corona pandemic, which swept many countries of the world, to contribute to helping the needy during the periods of the ban announced by the state with high efficiency. The idea of the center’s work is based on reconciling and coordinating between the needs to provide free services (volunteer opportunities) on the one hand, and the desire of volunteers from members of society and its various groups to provide services to the community, whether material or in kind, within the limits of their capabilities. Hence, the center works to spread the culture of monitoring, managing, organizing and evaluating volunteer opportunities on the one hand, and to open these opportunities for volunteers to invest in them. The center also provides a training service for volunteers to ensure the highest possible efficiency for the performance of volunteers and the tasks assigned to them and to help them raise the level of their competence and performance. The center puts in place the appropriate regulations that ensure the protection of volunteers' rights and motivate them to volunteer.
5- We All Aoun and Sanad initiative is one of the main bodies supported by the Ministry of Labor and the Bahraini Ministry of Health, so that
The Minister of Labor and Social Development, the Ministry of Health and the Center for Voluntary Work Development organized a ceremony honoring the volunteers of the "We are all Aoun and Sanad" initiative since the date of September 2, 2017, and in the midst of the Corona crisis, it demonstrated continuous serious work to serve every region of the State of Bahrain.
6- A sophisticated and diversified model is the Bahrain Trust
The Bahrain Trust Foundation is a non-profit organization established in 2010. It aims to make a difference in the lives of people locally and globally. She believes that education, health and economic empowerment are central to helping individuals reach their full potential. It strives to develop practical models to make its services reach individuals who face prolonged disasters, such as disease and war, as well as those who live in remote areas and do not enjoy an adequate standard of living. The Bahrain Trust is a national institution that aims to preserve its rich traditions and culture of giving. Therefore, it uses Bahraini talents to serve the whole of humanity.
Second question: What is the importance of voluntary work and civil society institutions in general during crises and disasters in the State of Bahrain?
Center for Voluntary Work Development and its Societal Importance in the State of Bahrain
This center is of high societal importance, which aims to develop volunteer work in a scientific way and tourism activities in particular in the Kingdom of Bahrain through the following means:
1- Coordination with civil society organizations and the Organizations Support Center in the matter of monitoring the volunteer work needed by the Bahraini community, and its importance could extend to the rest of the Arab Gulf states.
2- Works to direct those wishing to volunteer work according to the requirements of the surrounding community environment.
3- It works on launching voluntary initiatives in coordination with civil society organizations and the competent authorities.
4- It seeks to motivate young people to make use of their energies, talents and free time in volunteer work. 5- In terms of tourism events, it works to assess the capabilities of those wishing to volunteer work and motivate them to reveal their talents and abilities in volunteer work towards the upcoming tourism of the State of Bahrain.
6- It stimulates civil organizations to attract young people and those wishing to volunteer work and monitors volunteer opportunities, especially with regard to the Corona Covid-19 pandemic.
7- It seeks to encourage the elderly and persons with disabilities to volunteer work and join civil society organizations in a way that contributes to their integration into society.
8- Holding specialized courses and workshops for those wishing to volunteer work in a way that contributes to helping those affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.
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9- Establishing educational events and programs that contribute to spreading the culture of volunteer work and encouraging engagement with civil society organizations.The center's tasks are represented in four main areas:
1- Monitoring, managing and developing volunteer opportunities.
2- Recording volunteers' information and databases for the tourism sector for volunteers. 3- Coordination, follow-up and evaluation.
4- Training and development, especially for volunteer teams to assist in general tourism.
We can summarize the relationship between the people in charge of the volunteering system and the volunteers being an organized participatory relationship, which we show in the following figure:
They affected the importance of volunteer work in the Bahraini society
Volunteering increases a person's ability to interact and communicate with others. It reduces the tendency to individualism and develops the social sense of the individual volunteer. It contributes to making society more secure and confident in its children. It alleviates the feeling of despair and general frustration, works on collective and individual assistance during the corona period, and contributes to the revitalization of domestic tourism in crises of the international travel ban on tourism .
The impact of volunteer work in society on the Bahraini society through the following:
1- Volunteering increases a person's ability to interact and communicate with others.
2- It reduces the tendency to individualism and develops the social sense of the individual volunteer. 3- It contributes to making society more secure and confident in its children.
4- Relieves feelings of hopelessness and general frustration. 5- It limits the materialism of its members.
6- Achieving the so-called social solidarity in various fields.
7- Through volunteering, the good use of individual energies and human wealth is achieved. 8- It fills gaps and deficits in the community's needs in some skills.
The third question: What are the implications of volunteering and how can it be invested in promoting Bahrain's national goals in the future?
There is the first voluntary national review of the Kingdom of Bahrain (2018) works or nominal targetImplementation of the 2030 comprehensive sustainable development plan that responds to the requirements of sustainable development.
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they have revealed another important aspect, which is that the real wealth of nations is in their children who realize the importance and meaning that the interests of the countries are paramount. Above all and that there is a responsibility that falls on everyone's shoulders towards the homeland, which crises and disasters are a real test for, which is the matter in which the State of Bahrain clearly demonstrated its distinction during that crisis, which sought to stimulate domestic tourism in the midst of the global crisis of Corona, which means that there is a solid foundation that can be built In the future, government efforts must be integrated with their societal counterparts, and they must be ready to deal with any emergency developments, regardless of their severity, and then there is certainty of the ability to overcome them.There is the importance and severity of benefits of volunteer work in the State of Bahrain through
1- Increase the individual's communication with others 2- Enhancing professional skills
3- Promote elderly health
4- Improve the physical health of an individual 4- Boost self-confidence and self-esteem 5- Improve the mental health of the individual 5- Understand the curve of life and gain knowledge 7- The importance of volunteer work for the community 8- Multiple stakeholder participation
9- Feeling of ownership of the sustainable development goals among participants and volunteers
2..Conclusion
With clear goals and investment tourism projects, indicating the ministry's intention to continue developing, managing and operating state-owned tourism sites, raising the level of tourism services in them, developing the tourism product, supervising the heritage and archaeological resources and promoting them, while the ministry will ensure directing and stimulating excellence in the tourism sector through the development of The legislative, regulatory and supervisory environment for competition, raising public awareness, spreading tourism culture, strengthening the ministry's role as a main source of information and data, supporting institutions, strengthening partnership with the private sector and local community institutions, and enhancing partnership with government agencies whose work intersects with the work of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
Encouraging domestic tourism, while the areas covered by the program expanded to become a number of the country’s regions covered by individuals for the purpose of tourism, as the Ministry covers 40% of the cost of accommodation, noting that about four thousand Bahraini families have benefited from this program, in parallel with the Ministry’s continued support and organization of Tourist festivals in addition
3..Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, it recommended the following:
1- The educational authorities should work to add training hours to students' programs on how 2- Using social media to spread the volunteer work culture.
3- That the volunteer organizations seek to properly manage their accounts on social media and investment 4- Its potentials to spread the culture of volunteer work.
5- Investing other means of communication in promoting the importance of volunteer work campaigns and its social impactson the society
Therefore, the research invites people, i.e. members of society, to go into this experience and benefit from it without any hesitation, researchers provide advice to every young man and woman in the age of youth and in the age of flowers and strength, to use his talent, whatever this talent, to do good and volunteer in order to draw a smile on The face of everyone in need, and the activation of internal tourism work, especially in the Corona crisis, because a smile will enrich you with everything, so as soon as you know that you were the reason for the happiness of these people and society, you will be happy and happy throughout your life.
To support recovery efforts and support domestic and intra-Arab tourism, we need to redouble efforts and lay new foundations for cooperation so that joint action and integration become realistic and effective for the benefit
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of Arab peoples.Promote domestic and intra-Arab tourism in light of the current circumstances, especially as they represent a large percentage of the tourist activity movement in societies, supporting the Arab tourism sector through its tourism potentials, in addition to encouraging domestic tourism with the completion of projects that work to attract Arab tourists in various regions of the State of Bahrain to support the Arab tourism sector, and the need to focus on domestic and regional tourism during the coming period due to Corona virus.Activating beach tourism through these volunteers, which is working to clean and purify beaches and coasts, to open the way for tourists to enjoy the beach trip. Likewise, volunteers may collect garbage and clean the streets, and the role of the volunteer tourist will stop or increase according to his desire to do that work, especially in some Arab countries such as Jordan, Egypt and others.
Volunteer tourism companies should find suitable opportunities for volunteers in terms of degree of experience and physical fitness. The companies specialized in this field visit the volunteering sites and make sure that they are well managed.
Volunteer for translators in various interests with a volunteer organization in Bahrain and the Arab Gulf countries to help tourists wherever they are and wherever they go. The process of developing tourism is not an easy step in any country, however, any place that has the necessary resources and sufficient natural and human resources can develop tourism within it by identifying a number of appropriate ways For the place and time, and the development methods work to achieve a number of goals, which with time achieve a boom in the tourism activity in this place, but first the volunteers must know what tourism is, and why people always tend to travel to many different areas because tourism is considered an opportunity. Great for anyone to enjoy some time getting to know the civilizations of new countries and cultures, and this is called foreign or international tourism, and some prefer to spend some time in luxury places in their local home, or sometimes discover their country and learn about the different local customs around it, and this is what it claims In domestic or local tourism, and in order to provide this kind of luxury to tourists, all means of comfort and entertainment for tourists must be provided, and the appropriate methods for that and how the volunteer helps Wen and citizens, governments, in improving tourism activity,
The process of tourism development in any country is a complex program consisting of many components, and all of these components work in a complex and intertwining manner in an interactive way to effect a change in the tourism scene. About civilization, and all of this depends on the state’s infrastructure that depends on science and technological progress in helping to reach practical solutions for development faster, and all of this must be linked to the surrounding environment and all available energy sources, in addition to the human energy that has a major role in achieving economic development.
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