Özet: Yahudiler, “Kutsal Topraklar” ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda nasıl yaşadılar? Kapsamlı dokümanlara dayanan Renee Neher Bernheim, “La Vie Juive en Terre Sainte” (Kutsal Topraklarda Yahudi Hayatı) adlı eserinde Aşkenazi ve Sefarad Yahudilerinin genel durumları ve Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki etkin konumlarına dair tespitlerde bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, Yahudi göçlerinin zamanla sürekli hale geldiğini, toplulukların günlük yaşamını, hayatta kalma mücadelelerini, hayallerinin kalıcılığını, atalarının topraklarına olan bağlılıklarını ve dünyaya bakış açıları da anlatılmaktadır. Bu makalede Dona Gracia Mendes, Yasef Nassi, Sabatay Sevi gibi göz önünde olan Yahudilerin hayatlarına dair bilgiler verilmekte ve onların Osmanlı Devleti sınırları içerisinde göstermiş oldukları faaliyetleri de- ğerlendirilip, devlete olan katkıları ya da vermiş oldukları zararları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Aynı şekilde Osmanlı Devleti’nin de zor durumda olan Yahudilere göstermiş olduğu ilgi ve yardımlarını da içermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yahudi Göçleri, Gracia Mendes, Yasef Nassi, Sabatay Sevi.
Political, Economic and Cultural Situation of Ottoman Jews According to French Jewish Historian Renne Bernheim
Abstract: How did the Jews live in the "Holy Land" and the Ottoman Empire? Based on comprehensive documents, Renee Neher Bernheim made determinations about the general situation of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews and their effective positions in the Ottoman Empire in her book named as "La Vie Juive en Terre Sainte" (Jewish Life in the Holy Land). It also describes in the book the continuous Jewish immigration in time, the daily life of communities, their struggle to survive, the permanence of their dreams, their dependence to their ancestral lands and their perspective on the world. In this article, information about the lives of Jews such as Dona Gracia Mendes, Yasef Nassi, Sabetay Sevi is given and their activities within the borders of the Ottoman Empire are evaluated and their con- tributions or damages to the state are tried to be determined. In a similar manner, it includes the interest and support of the Ottoman Empire to the Jews in a difficult situation.
Keywords: Jews Migrations, Gracia Mendes, Joseph Nassi, Sabbatai Tsevi.
FRANSIZ YAHUDİ TARİHÇİ RENEE BERNHEİM’E GÖRE OSMANLI DEVLETİ YAHUDİLERİNİN SİYASİ, İKTİSADİ VE
KÜLTÜREL DURUMLARI
Political, Economic and Cultural Situation of Ottoman Jews According to French Jewish Historian Renne Bernheim
Şahnaz OKTAY*
____________________________________________________________________________________
* Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, sahnazoktay24@gmail.com
Makale Geliş Tarihi: 22.04.2021 Makale Kabul Tarihi: 19.09.2021
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