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Mesleki Yabancı Dil 2 Dersi

Ankara Üniversitesi Elmadağ Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğretim Görevlisi : Murat Duman

Mail: mduman@ankara.edu.tr

(Bu çalışma Marija Krznaric tarafından yazılmış ELECTRICITY AND

ELECTRONICS isimli kitaptan alınan özet bilgilerle hazırlanmıştır.)

Hafta 4

(2)

HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY

• A summary or an abstract is a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document, research paper or professional article.

• It contains only relevant, clear, and precise data concerning the paper; it comprises only the essential, basic information of the article in question.

• Summarizing means condensing or shortening a reading selection while

preserving its overall meaning in order to demonstrate your understanding of a reading, to establish ideas you need to discuss or analyze in an essay, or just to inform a group of listeners about the text or article.

• A summary requires certain organization, i.e. it consists of the title, the introduction, the body and the conclusion.

• It keeps the same logical sequence as the article itself.

• The title must be as short as possible and is usually written in block letters.

• The introduction, the body and the conclusion should not exceed 100 words.

Very rarely, more than 100 words are allowed.

• The style is neutral and impersonal, not “I”, but “it”, “they” sometimes “we”.

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• Almost all the tenses used for writing summaries are in the passive voice, the simple present tense being the most common.

• If chronological sequence is required, the simple past, present perfect and present simple are used.

• Short sentences are strongly recommended, they offer a quicker and better overview of the information.

• All summaries usually begin with one of the following introductory phrases:

- This paper deals with…..

- This paper discusses…..

- This article gives a short description of…..

- This article shows the relationship between…..

- This paper explains the methods used to…..

• Instead of “paper” or “article” you may say “the author”.

• Writing a summary is like writing hints or a crib sheet before an examination,

however you have to make sentences out of them which would have the correct

sentence scheme, i.e. Subject, Verb/Predicate and Object.

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