Actinobacteria: Coryneform and Propionic Acid Bacteria
Key Genera: Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Propionibacterium
Coryneform bacteria; These are microorganisms that are irregular-shaped under normal growth conditions, showing lofter or V-shaped characteristic cell
arrangements.
Propionic acid bacteria were first isolated from the Swiss (Emmentaler) cheese, where the fermentation product, CO2, forms characteristic holes.
Actinobacteria: Mycobacterium
Key genus: Mycobacterium
Acid-fast staining feature
Special lipid called mycolic acid on the cell surface
Mycolic acid
Provides a hydrophobically stable, waxy feature to the cell surface.
Based on pigmentation, Mycobacteria
(1) Non-pigmented;
(2) Those who produce pigment with
photochromogenesis feature only when cultured in light environment.
(3) Those who are able to form pigment with the feature of scotochromomogenesis again when
cultured even in the dark
Filamenteous Actinobacteria:
Streptomyces and Related Species
Key Genera; Streptomyces, Actinomyces
Antibiotic
Micelle
Spore
Cyanobacteria
Key Genera: Synechococcus, Oscillatoria, Nostoc
Cyanobacteria are the first oxygen-producing
phototrophic organisms on Earth, and are responsible for the transformation of the Earth's atmosphere from billions of years of oxygen-free state (anoxic) to the
current oxygenated state..
Some filamentous cyanobacteria also form cells called heterocytes.
The heterosist formed by the differentiation of
vegetative cells is the place where nitrogen fixation takes place in heterocycystic cyanobacteria.
Nitrogenase
Cyanophilic nitrogen is the deposit product
Chlamydia
Key Genera: Chlamydia, Chlamydophila
Obligatory intracellular parasite bacteria with poor metabolic capacity
