Örgütsel güven oluşturmada manipülasyon tekniklerinin etkisi : Türkiye- Tataristan karşılaştırması

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(1)T.C. 6$.$5<$h1ø9(56ø7(6ø 626<$/%ø/ø0/(5(167ø7h6h. g5*h76(/*h9(12/8ù7850$'$ 0$1ø3h/$6<217(.1ø./(5ø1ø1(7.ø6ø: 7h5.ø<( ± 7$7$5ø67$1 .$5ù,/$ù7,50$6,. DOKTORA T(=ø Guzel SADYKOVA. (QVWLW$QDELOLP'DOÕ: øúOHWPH (QVWLW%LOLP'DOÕ : <|QHWLPYH2UJDQL]DV\RQ. 7H]'DQÕúPDQÕ'Ro'U+DVDQ787$5. +$=ø5$1± 2014.

(2)

(3) BEYAN. Bu tezin. yazÕOmasÕQGD bilimsel ahlak kurallarÕna uyuldu÷unu, baúkalarÕQÕQ. eserlerinden yararlanÕOmasÕ durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atÕIWD bulunuldu÷unu, kullanÕlan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapÕOmDGÕ÷ÕQÕ tezin herhangi bir NÕVmÕQÕn EXQiversite veya baúka bir Qiversitedeki bDúka bir tez oalÕúmasÕ olarak sunulmadÕ÷ÕnÕbeyan ederim.. Guzel SADYKOVA 23.06.2014.

(4) g16g= dDOÕúPDGD|UJWVHOJYHQ ROXúXPXVUHFLQGHELOLúVHODUDoRODUDNNXOODQÕODELOHFHN pozitif PDQLSODV\RQ\|QWHPOHULYHRQODUÕQJYHQOHHWNLOHúLPL]HULQGHGXUXOPXúWXUdRN\|QO OLWHUDWUWDUDPDVÕVRQXFXQGDPDQLSODWLIHWNLOHPH\|QWHPLEHOLUOHQPLú ROXS|UJWLoL JYHQKHUúH\GHQ|QFH\|QHWLFLQLQNRRUGLQDV\RQXYHoDEDODUÕ\ODROXúWXUXOGX÷XQGDQ V|] konusu PDQLSODV\RQ\|QWHPOHUL\|QHWLFLQLQoDOÕúDQODUÕ\ODRODQHWNLOHúLPLSODWIRUPXQD X\DUODQPÕúWÕU gUJWVHO JYHQ YH \|QHWLFL\H JYHQ ROPDN ]HUH |UJW LoL JYHQLQ ER\XWODUÕ\OD PDQLSODWLI HWNLOHPH WHNQLNOHUL DUDVÕQGDNL LOLúNL LQFHOHQPLúWLU $UDúWÕUma VRQXFXQGD PDQLSODV\RQ WHNQLNOHUL\OH |UJWVHO JYHQ YH \|QHWLFL\H JYHQ ER\XWODUÕ DUDVÕQGDNLLOLúNLQLQQLWHOL÷L\|QYHELUELUOHUL]HULQGHNLDoÕNOD\ÕFÕOÕNODUÕRUWD\DNRQPXú \|QHWLFLQLQ|UJWVHOJYHQROXúWXUPDVUHFLQGHNXOODQDELOHFH÷LPDQLSODV\RQWeknikleri |OoH÷LJHOLúWLULOPLúWLU dDOÕúPDQÕQ KD]ÕUODQPDVÕ VÕUDVÕQGD ELOJL YH WHFUEHVL LOH EDQD \RO J|VWHUHQ GDQÕúPDQ KRFDP 'Ro 'U +DVDQ 787$5¶D LQFH |QHUL\OH EHQL \|QOHQGLUHQ KRFDODUÕP 3URI 'U 5DQDg]HQ.87$1ø6¶H'Ro'U2÷X]7h5.$<¶DKLoELUNRQXGDNDWNÕYHGHVWH÷LQL esirgemeyen 06XSKL'80$1¶DVRQVX]PDQHYLJoND\QD÷ÕPRODQDLOHPHWHúHNNU ERUoELOLULP. Guzel SADYKOVA 23.06.2014.

(5) ødø1'(.ø/(5 .,6$/70$/$5««««««««««««««««««««««««««iv 7$%/2/ø67(6ø««««««««««««««««««««««««««YL ù(.ø/ /ø67(6ø««««««««««««««««««««««««....vii g=(7«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««viii 6800$5<«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««ix *ø5øù«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««...1 %g/h0*h9(19(g5*h76(/*h9(1«««««««««««««« 1.1. *YHQ.DYUDPÕQDøOLúNLQ7DQÕPODU«««««««««««««««««« 1.2. *YHQLQg]HOOLNOHUL««««««««««««««««««««««««7 1.3. *YHQLQ<DUDUODUÕ««««««««««««««««««««««««« 1.4. *YHQLQ%R\XWODUÕ«««««««««««««««««««««««« 8]PDQOÕN &RPSHWHQF\

(6) ««««««««««««««.«««««« 7XWDUOÕOÕN &RQVLVWHQF\

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(8) ««««««««««««« $oÕNOÕN 2SHQQHVV

(9) «««««««««««««««««««««« 'UVWON +RQHVW\

(10) ««««««««««««««««««««« 5LVNH.DUúÕ6DYXQPDVÕ]OÕN 'HIHQFHOHVVQHVV$JDLQVW5LVN

(11) «««««« gUJWVHO*YHQ.DYUDPÕ«««««««««««««««««««««« gUJWVHO*YHQ']H\OHUL«««««««««««««««««««««24 <|QHWLFL\H*YHQ«««««««««««««««««««««« dDOÕúPD$UNDGDúODUÕQD*YHQ««««««««««««««««« gUJWe *YHQ««««««««««««««««««««««« gUJWVHO*YHQdHúLWOHUL««««««««««««««««««««« 1.7.1. DX\JXVDO%R\XWWD*YHQ«««««««««««««««««««« $UNDGDúOÕN*YHQL«««««««««««««««««««2 .LúLOL÷H'D\DOÕ*YHQ«««««««««««««««««« *HQHOOHúWLULOPLú*YHQ««««««««««««««««« 1.%LOLúVHO%R\XWWD *YHQ«««««««««««««««««««« +HVDSODQPÕú*YHQ««««««««««««««««««« <HWHUOLOLN*YHQL«««««««««««««««««««« i.

(12) %D÷OÕOÕN *YHQL««««««««««««««««««««4 øOLúNL\H'D\DOÕ*YHQ«««««««««««««««««« gUJWVHO*YHQ2OXúXP0RGHOOHUL««««««««««««««««« =DQG¶ÕQ6SLUDO*YHQ0RGHOL«««««««««««««««««« 0D\HU'DYLVYH6FKRRUPDQ¶ÕQ*YHQ0RGHOL««««««««««« :KLWHQHU%URGW.RUVJDDUGYH:HUQHU¶LQ<|QHWVHO*YHQLUOLN0RGHOL«« %ORPTYLVWYH6WDKOH¶LQgUJWVHO*YHQ2OXúXP0RGHOL ««««««« -RQHVYH*HRUJH¶D *|UH.RúXOOXYH.RúXOVX]*YHQ0RGHOL ««««« gUJWVHO*YHQLQ2OXúXP$úDPDODUÕ «««««««««««««««««8 %g/h00$1ø3h/$6<219(0$1ø3h/$6<217(.1ø./(5ø1ø1 g5*h76(/*h9(1/((7.ø/(ùø0ø««««««««««««««««51 0DQLSODV\RQ.DYUDPÕQDøOLúNLQ7DQÕPODUYHg]HOOLNOHUL «««««««««51 0DQLSODV\RQXQg÷HOHUL ««««««««««««««««««««««60 0DQLSODW|U «««««««««««««««««««««««««60 0DQLSODW|UQ(WNL2EMHVL......«««««««««««««««««63 0DQLSODV\RQGD 3VLúLNg]GHYLPOHU .«««««««««««««««««66 0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL««««««««««««««««««««««72 2.4.1. BDVPDNDOÕS$OJÕODPD$OÕúNDQOÕ÷Õ««««««««««««««««72 .DUúÕWOÕN0XND\HVH(IHNWL «««««««««««««««««««73 .DUúÕOÕNOÕOÕNøONHVL ««««««««««««««««««««««74 <]QH.DSÕ\ÕdDUSPD7HNQL÷L «««««««««««««««««75 (úLNWH$\DN7HNQL÷L«««««««««««««««««««««76 7XWDUOÕ2OPD$U]XVX «««««««««««««««««««««77 6RV\DOøVSDWøONHVL «««««««««««««««««««««78 2WRULWHøONHVL ««««««««««««««««««««««««79 ø\L'DYUDQÕúøONHVL ««««««««««««««««««««««83 )L]LNVHOdHNLFLOLN «««««««««««««««««««83 2.4.9.2. Etki Objesiyle Benzerlik «««««««««««««««««83 gYJYHøOWLIDW «««««««««««««««««««««84 <DNÕQGDQ7DQÕúÕNOÕN ««««««««««««««««««85 dD÷UÕúÕP<DUDWPD«««««««««««««««««««85. ii.

(13) .ÕWOÕNøONHVL ..««««««««.««««««««««.«««««85 2.4.11. Kognitif 'LVRQDQV%LOLúVHO8\XPVX]OXN «««««««««««..86 $FHOH.DUDU9HUGLUPH7HNQL÷L ««««««««««««««« <DSÕFÕ(OHúWLULøONHVL «««««««««««««««««««..87 'ROD\OÕøND]7HNQL÷L ...«««««««««««««««««««...88 'LQOHPH7HNQL÷L «««««««.............«««««««««««...88 6RV\DO.D\QDúPD7HNQL÷L «««««««.........«««««««««..89 g]HO+DEHUGDUOÕNøPDMÕ ««««««««««««««««««...90 +LWDSVDO0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL ««««««««««««.«.91 0DQLSODV\RQXQ*HUoHNOHúPH$úDPDODUÕ «««««««««««««««...92 gUJWVHO*YHQYH0DQLSODV\RQ(WNLOHúLPL «««««««««««««..«97 %g/h0g5*h76(/*h9(19(0$1ø3h/$6<21ø/øù.ø6øh=(5ø1( %ø5$5$ù7,50$ «««««««««««««««««««««««««02 $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ$PDFÕYHgQHPL«««««««««««««««««««02 $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ+LSRWH]OHUL «««««««««««««««««««««03 $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ(YUHQL «««««««««««««««««««««««06 $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ.ÕVÕWODUÕ«««««««««««««««««««««««06 $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ.DSVDPÕYH<|QWHPL «««««««««««««««««06 $UDúWÕUPDgOoHNOHULQLQ*YHQLOLUOLNYH*HoHUOLOLN$QDOL]OHULQHøOLúNLQ%XOJXODU..107 3.6øVWDQEXO7UNL\HgUQHNOHPLgOoHNOHULøoLQ*YHQLOLUOLNYH*HoHUOLOLN $QDOL]OHUL%XOJXODUÕ ««««««««««««««««««««08 3.6.2. .D]DQ7DWDULVWDQgUQHNOHPLgOoHNOHULQLQ*YHQLOLUOLNYH*HoHUOLOLN $QDOL]OHULQHøOLúNLQ%XOJXODU «««««««««««««««««09 $UDúWÕUPD%XOJXODUÕQÕQ$QDOL]L «««««««««««««««.««««110 3.7.1. <|QHWLFLOHUOH<DSÕODQ0ODNDWYH6RQXoODUÕ ««««««««.«««..110 $QNHW%XOJXODUÕYH<RUXPX ««««««««««««««.«««...117 6218d9('(ö(5/(1'ø50(««««««««««««««.««««..135 .$<1$.d$«««««««««««««««««««««««««««42 (./(5««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««68 g=*(d0øù««««««««««««««««««««««««««««179. iii.

(14) KISALTMALAR GTEYD : *LULú7HúKLV(WNL<]OHúPH'H÷LúLP FGO. : )RQNVL\RQHO*YHQ2UJDQÕ. ELM. : Elaboration Likelihood Model. ø. : øVWDQEXOOX. K.. : .D]DQOÕ. BDA. : %DVPDNDOÕS'úQPH$OÕúNDQOÕ÷Õ. .$5ù: .DUúÕOÕNOÕOÕN g+ø: g]HO+DEHUGDUOÕNøPDMÕ 'ø1/. : Dinleme. EOB. : Etki Objesiyle Benzerlik. )d. : )L]LNVHOdekicilik. OTO. : Otorite. d<. : dD÷UÕúÕP<aratma. AKV. : Acele Karar Verdirme. EVA. : ³(YHW$PD«´. TEKR : Tekrarlama <.d. : Y]QH.DSÕ\Õdarpma. MUK. : Mukayese. KIT. : KÕWOÕN. TOA. : 7XWDUOÕ2OPD$rzusu. øg. : øOWLIDWYHgYJ. YT. : <DNÕQGDQ7DQÕúÕNOÕN. KOGD : Kognitif Disonans EA. : (úLNWH$\DN. 6ø. : 6RV\DOøVSDW. YE. : <DSÕFÕ(OHúWLUL. 'ø. : 'ROD\OÕøkaz. SKE. : Sosyal KD\QDúPDEWNLQOL÷L. AHE. : Adla Hitap Etme. ABT. : $úÕUÕ%LOLPVHO7HUPLQRORML. iv.

(15) *ø2'. : Gelecekle øOJLOL2OXPOX'úQFHOHU. 0g'' : 0XKDWDEÕQg]'H÷HU'X\JXVXQX'R\JXQODúWÕUPD KD. : .RQX\X'H÷LúWLUPH. ALINT : AOÕQWÕODPD STKH. : 6HV7RQXYH.RQXúPD+Õ]Õ. MB. : Muhatapla BWQOHúPH. 'h5. : DUVWON. *h9. : GYHQLOLUOLN. YETK. : Yetkinlik. KK. : .DUúÕOÕNOÕ.ontrol. %$ö/. : BD÷OÕOÕN. MEMN : Memnuniyet g='. : g]GHúOHúPH. d.'. : dDOÕúDQODUD.DUúÕ'X\DUOÕOÕN. $d,./ : $oÕNOÕN ø1&. : øncinebilirlik. UZM. : U]PDQOÕN. TUT. : TXWDUOÕOÕN. YARD. : YDUGÕPVHYHUOLN. RKS. : 5LVNH.DUúÕ6DYXQPDVÕ]OÕN. 7g0(5 : 7UNoHg÷UHWLP0HUNH]L. v.

(16) 7$%/2/ø67(6ø Tablo 1: *YHQ.DYUDPÕQDøOLúNLQ7DQÕPODUÕQ.URQRORMLVL ««««««««««« Tablo 2: *YHQ2OXúXP6UHFLQLQg]HWL ««««««««««««««««« Tablo 3: 0DQLSODV\RQ.XUDPÕQDøOLúNLQ7DQÕPODUÕQ.URQRORMLVL ««««««««52 Tablo 4: $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ'HPRJUDILN'H÷LúNHQOHULQHøOLúNLQ7DQÕPOD\ÕFÕøVWDWLVWLN Tablosu «««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« Tablo 5: gUJWH*YHQOH0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL.RUHODV\RQX%XOJXODUÕ øVWDQEXO7UNL\HgUQHklemi) ««««««««««««««««««««« Tablo 6: gUJWH*YHQOH0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL.RUHODV\RQX%XOJXODUÕ .D]DQ7DWDULVWDQgUQHNOHPL

(17) ««««««««««««««««««««« Tablo 7: <|QHWLFL\H*YHQOH0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL.RUHODV\RQX%XOJXODUÕ øVWDQEXO7UNL\HgUQHNOHPL

(18) «««««««««««««««««««««...121 Tablo 8: <|QHWLFL\H*YHQOH0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL.RUHODV\RQX%XOJXODUÕ .D]DQ7DWDULVWDQgUQHNOHPL

(19) ««««««««««««««««««««.« Tablo 9: gUJWH*YHQOH0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL5HJUHV\RQ$QDOL]L6RQXoODUÕ øVWDQEXO7UNL\HgUQHNOHPL

(20) ««««««««««««««««««««.« Tablo 10: gUJWH*YHQOH0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL5HJUHV\RQ$QDOL]L6RQXoODUÕ .D]DQ7DWDULVWDQgUQHNOHPL

(21) «««««««««««««««««««..««127 Tablo 11: <|QHWLFL\H*YHQOH0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL5HJUHV\RQ$QDOL]L6RQXoODUÕ øVWDQEXO7UNL\HgUQHNOHPL

(22) «««««««««««««««««««««« Tablo 12: <|QHWLFL\H*YHQOH0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHUL5HJUHV\RQ$QDOL]L6RQXoODUÕ .D]DQ7DWDULVWDQgUQHNOHPL

(23) ««««««««««««««««««««..«31. vi.

(24) ù(.ø//ø67(6ø ùHNLO=DQG¶ÕQ 6SLUDO*YHQ0RGHOL ««««««««««««««««« ùHNLO0D\HU'DYLVYH6FKRRUPDQ¶ÕQgUJWVHO*YHQ0RGHOL ««««««««8 ùHNLO:KLWHQHU%URGW.RUVJDDUGYH:HUQHU¶LQ<|QHWVHO*YHQLUOLN0RGHOL««.43 ùHNLO %ORPTYLVWYH6WDKOH¶LQgUJWVHO*YHQ2OXúXPXModeli ««..«««««6 ùHNLO JoQHVYH*HRUJH¶XQ*YHQYH*YHQVL]OLN2OXúXPX0RGHOL ««««««8. vii.

(25) 'RNWRUD7H]g]HWL. 6$h6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV. 7H]LQEDúOÕ÷ÕgUJWVHO*YHQ2OXúWXUPDGD0DQLSODV\RQ7HNQLNOHULnin Etkisi: 7UNL\H- Tataristan .DUúÕODúWÕUPDVÕ 7H]LQ\D]DUÕGuzel SADYKOVA. 'DQÕúPDQ'Ro'U+DVDQ787$5. Kabul Tarihi: 23.06.2014. Sayfa 6D\ÕVÕ i[ |QNÕVÕP

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(27) Sakarya University, Institute of Social Sciences. Abstract of PhD Thesis. Title of the Thesis: The Influence of Manipulation Techniques on Creating Organizational Trust: A Comparison of Turkey and Tatarstan Author: Guzel SADYKOVA. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan TUTAR. Date: 23 June 2014. Nu. of pages: ix(pre text)+167(main body)+11(appendices). Department: Business Administration Subfield: Management and Organization. Organization as employee interaction area consists of behavior modifications. ,W¶V important for organizational success to carry out the interactional processes in a healthy way. The interactional balance of human capital combining technology and knowledge around organizational aims can be protected with trust incorporating elements as versatile information flow, effective communication, education, ethical values, adaptive rules and regulations. So the importance of cognitive routing techniques having systemic integrity in providing trust culture activity are worth to be questioned. This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational trust and manipulation techniques. Organizational trust has been examined with trust to organization and trust to manager aspects. Trust to organization KDV EHHQ H[SUHVVHG ZLWK LQWHJULW\ GHSHQGDELOLW\ UHOLDELOLW\ FRPSHWHQFH FRQWURO PXWXDOLW\ FRPPLWPHQW VDWLVIDFWLRQ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ FRQFHUQIRUHPSOR\HHVRSHQQHVVKRQHVW\DQGYXOQHUDELOLW\DVSHFWV Trust to manager has been represented with competency, consistency, benevolance, openness, honesty, defencelessness against risk aspects. Manipulation techniques dimension has been defined with stereotypical thinking habits, reciprocity, private awareness image, listening, influence object similarity, physical attractiveness, authority, creation of association, making haste decision-PDNLQJ ³\HV EXW«´ LWHUDWLRQ GRRU-in-the-face, contrast, scarcity, desire to be consistent, compliment and praise, close acquaintanceship, cognitive dissonance, foot-in-the-door, social proof, constructive criticism, indirect warning, social cohesion activity, appealing with name, excessive scientific terminology, positive thoughts about the future, saturation of LQWHUORFXWRU¶V self-worth sense, changing the subject, citation, tone of voice and speech rate and integration with interlocutor. $FFRUGLQJWRUHVHDUFKILQGLQJVLWKDVEHHQIRXQGWKDWWKHUHis significant and positive relationship between organizational trust aspects and manipulation techniques. It has been observed that the aspects of trust to organization like vulnerability, concern for employees and openness are at the forefront for Istanbul/Turkey sample and vulnerability, competence and concern for employees also are at the forefront for Kazan/Tatarstan sample. The analysis of aspects of trust to manager has found that defencelessness against risk, openness, competency aspects are the premise for Istanbul/Turkey sample and competency, consistency and openness are the premise for Kazan/Tatarstan sample. It has been determined that appealing with name, desire to be consistent, foot-in-the-door, reciprocity, private awareness image techniques commonly used for Istanbul/Turkey sample. It has been found that foot-in-the-door, desire to be consistent, tone of voice and speech rate, indirect warning, constructive criticism frequently used in Kazan/Tatarstan sample. Keywords: Trust, Organizational Trust, Manipulation, Manipulation Techniques, Psychic Automatisms. ix.

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(37) 7DEOR¶LQ'HYDPÕ Giddens, A.. 1990. Butler, J. K. Jr.. 1991. Carnevale, D. G. ve Wechsler, B.. 1992. Hosmer, L. T.. 1995. Mishra, A. K.. 1996. Shaw, R. B.. 1997. Whitener, E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgaard, M. A. ve Werner, J. M.. 1998. Jones, G. R. Ve George, J. M. Sztompka, P. Shockley-Zalabak, P., Ellis, K. ve Winograd, G.. 1998 1999. 2000. Solomon, R.C. ve Flores, F.. 2001. Seligmen, A.. 2002. Wech, B. A.. 2002. Gefen, D., Rao, S. V. ve Tractinsky, N.. 2003. %LOJLHNVLNOL÷LQLYHHKHPPL\HWVL]OL÷LDUNDSODQDLWHQ LQDQFD GD\DOÕ VR\XW VLVWHP YH DMDQODUD WHVOLPL\HW duygusudur. KaUúÕGDNL NLúLQLQ H\OHPOHULQLQ GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLQH GD\DQDUDN EX NLúL\H NDUúÕ RODQ H\OHPOHULQGH VDYXQPDVÕ] ROPD YH EHOLUVL]OLNOHU NDUúÕVÕQGD ULVNL NDEXOHWPHLVWHNOLOL÷LGLU %LU JUXEXQ YH\D ELUH\LQ GL÷HUOHULQLQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕ YH\D QL\HWOHULQH LQDQFÕ ED÷OÕOÕ÷Õ HWLN NXUDOODUÕQD GD\DOÕ DGLO YH \DSÕFÕ GDYUDQÕú EHNOHQWLOHULQL YH EDúNDODUÕQÕQKDNODUÕQÕGúQPHVLGLU %LUH\LQ KHU LNL WDUDIÕQ GD EHOLUOHQHQ DQODúPD YH VRUXPOXOXNODUD X\JXQ ELU úHNLOGH GDYUDQDFD÷ÕQD YH IÕUVDW oÕNWÕ÷ÕQGD ELOH VWQ ELU NRQXPD JHoPH oDEDVÕQDJLUPH\HFH÷LQHLOLúNLQEHNOHQWLVLGLU %LUH\LQ NDUúÕGDNL WDUDIÕQ NHQGLVLQL HWNLOH\HQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕQGD YH NDUDUODUÕQGD NHQGLVLQH NDUúÕ GUVW WDKPLQ HGLOHELOLU YH DoÕN ELU úHNLOGH GDYUDQPDVÕYHRQXQoÕNDUODUÕQÕJ|]HWPHVLGLU %D÷OÕOÕNJHUHNWLUHQGXUXPODUGDWDUDIODUÕQELUELULQGHQ EHNOHGLNOHUL úHNLOGH GDYUDQDFDNODUÕQD YH ROXPOX DQODPGD EHNOHQWLOHUL NDUúÕOD\DFDNODUÕQD GX\XODQ LQDQoWÕU %LUH\LQ NDUúÕ WDUDIÕQ |]YHULOL GDYUDQDFD÷ÕQD LOLúNLQ EHNOHQWLVL ULVNL J|]H DOPD\Õ JHUHNWLUHQ ELU J|QOOO÷ NDUúÕ WDUDID EHOLUOL ELU G]H\GH ED÷ÕPOÕOÕ÷ÕGÕU Moral ELOLúVHO YH GX\JXVDO |÷HOHUGHQ ROXúDQ NLúLOHULQ GH÷HU WXWXP UXK KDOL YH GX\JXODUÕQÕQ HWNLOHúLPOHULVRQXFXQGDRUWD\DoÕNDQEHNOHQWLOHUGLU %LUH\LQ EDúNDODUÕQÕQ EHOLUVL] H\OHPOHUL LoLQ \DSWÕ÷Õ PL]DGÕU %LU WDUDIÕQ D

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