SOCIALLY ORIENTED NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS FOR FAMILY AND CHILDREN IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA: THE MANAGERIAL
ASPECT
Valentina Ivanovna KATAEVA Russian State Social University, Russia
Tatiana Vladimirovna FOMICHEVA Russian State Social University, Russia
Yulia Olegovna SULIAGINA Russian State Social University, Russia
Elena Mikhailovna KRYUKOVA Russian State Social University, Russia
Tatiana Anatolievna EVSTRATOVA Russian State Social University, Russia
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the activities of nonprofit organizations in the Russian Federation. A more detailed analysis focuses on socially oriented nonprofit organizations (SO NPOs) working with families and children. It is based on statistical data provided by the Ministry of Justice for federal districts of the Russian Federation. The article determines the role of the nonprofit sector in the country's economic development. It also differentiates between the subjects of the Russian Federation being leaders and outsiders according to the number of NPOs and the number of SO NPOs dealing with families and children. The article defines the types of NPOs based on their forms and types of their activities, as well as the types of SO NPOs dealing with families and children based on services they provide.
The analysis highlights a number of systemic problems which may hinder the development of SO NPOs supporting families and children. Data analysis for all the subjects of the Russian Federation facilitates comparison of the number of NPOs in different regions of Russia and identification of leaders and outsiders in each federal district. The number of NPOs dealing with families and children was determined by means of content analysis based on search queries "family" and "children".
Keywords: family, service, a nonprofit organization, a socially oriented nonprofit organization.
INTRODUCTION
A family is a unique social institution connected to all spheres of the state and society by means of a complex system of relations. It has always been topical to study the participation of socially oriented nongovernmental nonprofit organizations (hereinafter referred to as SO NPOs) focusing on social support for families and children. Undoubtedly, family plays an essential role for an individual's socialization, the importance of family is reflected in social life and in the upbringing of future generations (Lhaniam and Yudina, 2017). According to the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM), which studies the happiness index among the Russians, the majority of respondents feel happy because of their family well- being (35%), i.e. family is the main source of happiness for the Russians (Happiness or Crisis, 2016).
However, the contemporary family in Russia is undergoing profound changes (Yudina and Balashova, 2016, Madiari-Bek et al. 2016) due to the overcoming of financial difficulties (Zolotareva et al., 2017), the increasing number of single-parent families, child abandonment, child and teenage crime, and other problems.
Nongovernmental NPOs are institutions of civil society and are part of the nonprofit sector in the contemporary Russia. One of the main determinants in the distribution of nongovernmental NPOs in the economy was the insufficient resources available to the state and its inability to provide ever-increasing diversification of the members of society.
Investment in NPOs is a profitable social investment, but currently the share of the NPO sector in Russia's GDP is 0.9%, while in the developed countries of Western Europe and America it amounts to 6.5%
(Grishchenko, 2016). The share of SO NPOs in the total number of NPOs is also rather insignificant: it is 13.5% in Russia, and 60-70% in the developed countries of Western Europe and America. According to the research studying the share of private donations made by the Charities Aid Foundation (CAF), Russia got to TOP 10, but it is only eighth in the list: 0.34% of the GDP, this share being 1.44% in the United States and 0.79% in New Zealand (Khodorova, 2016).
The concept of "socially oriented nonprofit organizations" was introduced into Russian legislation in April 2010 (Federal law "On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on support for socially oriented nonprofit organizations"). NPOs are recognized as socially oriented if they are founded in accordance with the forms established by Federal law No. 7-FZ dated 12 January 1996 "On nonprofit organizations" (Federal law on nonprofit organizations No. 7-FZ) and if they focus on solving social problems, as well as the following activities: social support and protection of citizens; charity, etc.
In 2016, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 398 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 398 dated August 8 "On approval of top priority trends in socially useful services") outlined top priority trends for SO NPOs.
Outlining SO NPOs in the nonprofit sector of the Russian Federation helps solve some of the above- mentioned problems, including by means of assessment of families' and children's need for services rendered by NPOs (Zhesterov et al., 2017).
State support for SO NPOs implies the implementation of development programs established by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, which operate in the social sector (Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Granting nongovernmental organizations access to social services, 2016).
The dynamics of the problem and the role of SO NPOs in addressing the issues of families and children were as follows: the share of poor families in Russia in 2015 increased almost twice (Survey Shows Twofold Increase in Number of Poor Families in Russia for Year 2015). At the same time, both the financial standing and consumption possibilities of families had been improving until December 2014.
However, the situation began to change starting from December 2014: the share of families with "bad" or
"very bad" financial standing increased by 7% (from 16% in 2014 to 22% in 2015) (Financial Standing of the Russians, 2005-2015).
In Russia, the number of single-parent families increased to 30% and amounted to 6.2 million. According to the Presidential Commissioner for Children's Rights, in 2010, there were almost 654.5 thousand orphans in Russia, of which about 84 thousand were abandoned by their living parents (Number of Single- Parent Families in Russia Increases to Six Million, 2012).
For 20 years, there has been an increase in the incidence of children in all classes of diseases. According to the WHO, Russia is the 4th in the world's top of countries with the largest number of smoking adolescents (Sakevich, 2012). The teenage drug abuse is still a very important issue (Svirin et al., 2017).
The nonprofit sector plays a significant role in society, triggering innovation. It is noteworthy that 48% of the surveyed NPOs have implemented social innovations in one or more areas (Minnigaleeva, 2016). A number of innovations, such as the introduction of the restorative justice technology for juveniles, were
initiated exclusively due to NPOs (Shilovskaya and Sitdikova, 2018). Offering innovative solutions to eliminate social anomalies, SO NPOs solve the most complex social issues through dealing with families and children in almost all spheres of life. Closer attention should be paid to the role of the state which boosts education and provides conditions for more accessible education in the Russian Federation. The importance of this aspect of support is undeniable because, in the modern world, it is the literacy rate and the person's education which determine his or her present and future as an individual and those of society as a whole (Dusenko et al., 2016; Apanasyuk et al. 2017a; 2017b; Kryukova et al., 2017; Makeeva et al., 2017).
METHODS
Outlining SO NPOs in the nonprofit sector of the Russian Federation helps solve some of the above- mentioned problems. State support for SO NPOs implies the implementation of development programs established by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, which operate in the social sector. This study is based on document analysis (Fomicheva et al., 2017). A statistical analysis of the number of NPOs in the 85 subjects of the Russian Federation was conducted based on the data provided by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (Information on registered nonprofit organizations 2016) to distinguish types of their activities. Data analysis for all the subjects of the Russian Federation allows comparing the number of NPOs in various regions of Russia and identifying the leaders and outsiders in each federal district. The number of NPOs dealing with families and children was determined by means of search using keywords "family" and "children". This study uses document analysis methods: traditional (primary) document analysis and secondary, comparative analysis.
Specialized quantitative content-analytic methods were put to practical use within this project. Thus, the
"triangulation approach" was applied to the study of processes in SO NPOs.
RESULTS
Based on the analysis of the data about NPOs registered in the Russian Federation available on the information portal of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (Information portal of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation 2016), the authors classified NPOs and SO NPOs dealing with families and children in Russia according to their activities:
Types of SO NPOs based on their activities in the contemporary Russian society
• family-oriented (e.g., NPO "Family Center "Territoriia semii" ("Family Area"), "Agency for Family Social Support and Protection of Family Values "Moia Semiia" ("My family"));
• research (e.g., NPO "Scientific-Technical Center of the Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences");
• sports (e.g., NPO "Basketball Club "Kurai");
• professional and sectoral (e.g., NPO "Agentstvo Pozharnoi Bezopasnosti" ("Fire Safety Agency"),
"Tsentr Podgotovki Spetsialistov Vodnogo Transporta" ("Water Transport Specialists Training Center");
• educational (e.g. NPO "Higher and Secondary Vocational Education Support and Development Fund
"LIGA" ("LEAGUE"), etc.
• theatrical (e.g. NPO "Festival of Contemporary Play "Novaia drama" ("New Drama");
• legal (e.g. NPO "Law Bureau “Sotrudnichestvo" ("Cooperation"));
• canine (e.g. NPO "Dog Hunting Club "Kurzhaar"));
• financial (e.g. NPO "Novgorodskii oblastnoi fond po ipotechnomu zhilishchnomu kreditovaniiu" ("Novgorod Regional Fund for Housing Mortgage Lending");
• linguistic (e.g. NPO "Language School "Buldog i medved" ("The Bulldog and the Bear"); and
• economic (e.g. the NPO "Fond podderzhki malogo predprinimatelstva Kilmezskogo raiona" ("Kilmezsky District Small Business Support Fund").
In terms of legal forms of organization, there are the following types of NPOs: funds, nonprofit partnerships, autonomous NPOs and associations (unions), private enterprises, communities of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Russian Federation, Cossack communities (Federal law on nonprofit organizations, 2016).
Types of SO NPOs dealing with families and children based on the analysis of their activities (in contemporary Russia)
• family-oriented (e.g., SO NPO "Single-parent Family Social Support Center "Akademiia Nadezhdy" ("Academy of Hope"), SO NPO "Multichildren Family Club "Sem Ya";
• ethnic (e.g., SO NPO "Family (Tribal) Community of Indigenous Small-Numbered People of Dolgans
"Amiaksin" (Medved), "Family (Tribal) Community of Indigenous Small-Numbered People of Siberian Chulyms "CHINDAT";
• recreational (e.g., SO NPO Children and Youth Recreation and Leisure Organization "Solnechnye medvedi" ("Solar Bears"), SO NPO "Family Sports and Health Club "Zviaginets", SO NPO "Family Tourism Club Nadezhda" ("Hope");
• educational and developmental (e.g. NPO "Family Center for Education, Development and Creativity "Uchenyi kot" ("Scholar Cat"), NPO "Center for Support, Education, Development of Creativity, Education and Sports for Orphans, Children with Disabilities and Children from Disadvantaged Families "SOTVORI DOBRO" ("MAKE GOOD"));
• educational (e.g., SO NPO "Family Support Center "Radost" ("Joy"), SO NPO "Center for Support of Family Values and Strengthening of Marriage and Family "Semiia TV" ("Family TV"));
• deviation prevention-centered (e.g. SO NPO in the area of family trouble prevention and social orphanhood "Agentstvo sotsialnogo razvitiia" ("Social Development Agency");
• medical and psychological (e.g., SO NPO "Consulting and Methodological Center for Comprehensive Support of Families with Children in Need of Psycho-Pedagogical and Medico-Social Help "Pro-Mama");
• rehabilitation (e.g., SO NPO "Center for Psychological-Pedagogical Rehabilitation and Correction of Persons with Disabilities and Families with Children with Disabilities "SOLNECHNYI GOROD" ("SUNNY CITY"), SO NPO "Professor K.A. Semenova Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy"); and
• administrative (e.g., SO NPO "Association of Children's Institutions").
Thus, such a variety in types of SO NPOs dealing with families and children can be explained by the social needs of Russian citizens in various spheres of life. Those needs can be satisfied, including by means of NPOs.
SO NPOs: functioning in Russia
To collect and analyze information about the number of NPOs and SO NPOs dealing with families and children, we used the information portal of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. As of September 23, 2016, 226,551 NPOs were registered in the section "Information about registered nonprofit
organizations" on the website of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (Information portal of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation 2016). As a result, we made a registry of NPOs in the 85 subjects of the Russian Federation and identified the number of NPOs dealng with families and children (see Table 1).
Table 1. Information about NPOs in different federal districts of the Russian Federation
Analysis of SO NPOs in different federal districts of Russia
The analysis of NPOs in each federal district reveals the following trends:
− In the Southern Federal District, the "leader" with the greatest number of NPOs is Krasnodar Krai (6,465), and the minimum number of NPOs is registered in the Republic of Kalmykia (559).
− In the Northwestern Federal District, the greatest number of NPOs is registered in Saint-Petersburg (12,216), while in the Nenets Autonomous District, there is no any nonprofit organization registered.
− In the Far Eastern Federal District, the maximum number of NPOs is recorded in Primorsky Krai (3,220), and the minimum number – in the Chukotka Autonomous District (125).
− In the Siberian Federal District, the maximum number of NPOs is registered in Novosibirsk Oblast (4,588), and the minimum number of NPOs – in the Republic of Tyva (380).
− In the Ural Federal District, the maximum number of NPOs is registered in Sverdlovsk Oblast (6,449), and the minimum – in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (876).
− In the North Caucasian Federal District, the maximum number of NPOs is registered in Stavropol Krai (3,032), and the minimum – in the Republic of Ingushetia (366).
Thus, the number of NPOs varies greatly in the subjects of the Russian Federation depending on various factors: the region's economic development, the need for NPOs, and the standard of living of the population as a whole. Among all federal districts of Russia, the most prominent ones are the Central Federal District with such subjects of the Russian Federation as Moscow and Moscow Oblast, as well as the Siberian Federal District (Table 1).
Item Federal district of the Russian
Federation Number of nonprofit
organizations in federal districts of the Russian Federation
Number of NPOs in federal districts of the Russian Federation dealing with families and children
1 North Caucasian Federal District 9,507 55
2 Volga Federal District 39,393 283
3 Ural Federal District 16,200 151
4 Siberian Federal District 24,239 417
5 Far Eastern Federal District 11,474 203
6 Northwestern Federal District 26,642 278
7 Southern Federal District 21,560 129
8 Central Federal District 75,387 633
The largest number of SO NPOs was registered in the Central and Volga Federal Districts. The leadership of the Central Federal District is related to the number of NPOs in Moscow being the capital of Russia and the largest city, followed by the Volga Federal District, namely the Republic of Tatarstan. It is noteworthy that the socio-economic development model of Tatarstan also includes such parameters as "the presence of a significant number of registered NPOs, as well as a policy providing support for SO NPOs" (Kulkova, 2013).
Analysis of SO NPOs in different federal districts of Russia: leaders
The analysis of registered NPOs shows that the share of SO NPOs dealing with families and children is only 0.9% of the total number of registered nongovernmental NPOs. For Russia, this number is insignificant. The Russian family is in need of social support in different areas. For example, the number of Russian families with tense relations is almost twice higher compared to European countries (Kataeva et al., 2016), which requires more psychological work with families and the creation of new NPOs in this area accompanied by the introduction of new innovative practices. In addition, the cultural needs and expectations of different social groups are undergoing change, globalization, change in top priority values, the distribution of new models and forms of recreation (Frolova et al., 2016). Moreover, there is a transformation of values related to marriage and children going on. The number of people who prefer not marrying and being single increased: from 4% in 1989 to 12% in 2014; spouses who do not want to have children are less condemned in the contemporary Russian society than they were a quarter of a century ago: from 33% in 1989 to 18% in 2014 (Fomicheva et al., 2017), which requires more intense moral education of the younger generation and young families as part of the innovative activities carried out by new NPOs.
The leadership of the Central Federal District with the greatest number of SO NPOs dealing with families and children is related to the number of such organizations in Moscow being the capital of Russia (see Fig.
1). The leader in the Siberian Federal District is Krasnoyarsk Krai.
!
Figure 1. Leader subjects of the Russian Federation with the greatest numbers of NPOs dealing with families and children (percentage)
Analysis of SO NPOs in different federal districts of Russia: outsiders
The smallest number of SO NPOs dealing with families and children is registered in the North Caucasian Federal District, and there are three outsiders, each having just one NPO: The Republic of Ingushetia, the Republic of Adygea, Oryol Oblast (see Fig. 2).
Leader Subjects with Greatest Numbers of SO NPOs Dealing with Families and Children
Rostov Oblast Yaroslavl Oblast Samara Oblast Altai Krai Sakhalin Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Republic of Bashkortostan Sakha Republic Perm Krai Republic of Tatarstan Sverdlovskaya Oblast Republic of Buryatia Novosibirsk Oblast Khabarovsk Krai Saint Petersburg Moscow Oblast Krasnoyarsk Krai Moscow
0 75 150 225 300
265 169
154 140 53
49 45 43 37 36 36 35 34 33 33 31 31 31 30
Столбец2 Столбец1 Number
!
Figure 2. Outsider subjects of the Russian Federation with the smallest numbers of NPOs dealing with families and children (percentage)
In two subjects of Russia – the Nenets Autonomous District and Jewish Autonomous Region – there is no any nonprofit organization registered.
Among the leader subjects with the greatest numbers of NPOs dealing with families and children, (see Fig. 1) the following significant proportions have been noted depending on the above-mentioned types of SO NPOs. Ethnic family-oriented SO NPOs dominate in Krasnoyarsk and Khabarovsk Krais, the Republic of Buryatia and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. In the Republic of Buryatia, family and tribal communities of small-numbered peoples constitute 82.2 per cent of the total number of SO NPOs dealing with families and children, 82.3% in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district, 74.5% in Krasnoyarsk Krai, and 62.3% in Khabarovsk Krai.
In Moscow, St. Petersburg, Moscow and Novosibirsk Oblasts, family-oriented SO NPOs are most typical providing services to multichild, young, poor, single-parent, and foster families. Administrative SO NPOs dealing with families and children and managing social projects and family development programs are more typical of Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Sverdlovsk Oblasts.
Educational NPOs do an important job focusing on promoting family values, as well as strengthening the institution of family and marriage. However, in some subjects of the Russian Federation (e.g. in Khabarovsk Krai and the Republic of Buryatia), there are no such organizations. The number of recreational SO NPOs dealing with families and children is more or less the same in the leader regions with the greatest numbers of such organizations: Moscow (6.8%), Moscow Oblast (9.7%), Khabarovsk Krai (7.5%), Novosibirsk Oblast (8.2%), Sverdlovsk Oblast (9.3% percent). SO NPOs providing recreational activities are not common in Krasnoyarsk Krai and the Republic of Buryatia, and in St. Petersburg, the number of such SO NPOs is only 2.8%.
DISCUSSION
Thus, in the Russian Federation, there is an insufficient number of SO NPOs dealing with families and children among all types of NPOs. The number of family-oriented SO NPOs in the 85 subjects of the Russian Federation varies a lot: from 1 to 265 in one subject. The share of various types of SO NPOs dealing with families and children in the subjects of the Russian Federation varies a lot: the domination of one type of SO NPOs may be accompanied by the total absence of others. This fact can affect the quality
Outsider Subjects with Smallest Numbers of SO NPOs Dealing with Families and Children
Republic of Adygea Ingushetia Oryol Oblast Tambov Oblast Zabaykalsky Krai Magadan Oblast Pskov Oblast Komi Republic Kostroma Oblast Bryansk Oblast Republic of Karelia Sevastopol Kursk Oblast Astrakhan Oblast Republic of Udmurtia
0 3 6 9 12
12 11 11 9
9 8 7 7 7 6 5 3
1 1 1
Столбец2 Столбец1 Number
and targeting of social support of families and children in a specific region of Russia, as well as the development of innovations in the social sphere. In Moscow, St. Petersburg, Moscow and Novosibirsk Oblasts, family-oriented SO NPOs are most typical providing services to multichild, young, poor, single- parent, and foster families. Administrative SO NPOs dealing with families and children and managing social projects and family development programs are more typical of Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Sverdlovsk Oblasts. Educational NPOs do an important job focusing on promoting family values, as well as strengthening the institution of family and marriage. However, in some subjects of the Russian Federation (e.g. in Khabarovsk Krai and the Republic of Buryatia), there are no such organizations.
CONCLUSION
Through the comparative analysis of Russian SO NPOs dealing with families and children, the authors have identified the significant role of the nonprofit sector in the country's economic development. In general, the Russian Federation has the social support system for families with children, which is comprised of NPOs. However, it should be noted that there are a number of systemic problems that may hinder the development of SO NPOs dealing with families and children: the inconsistency between legislative acts and the extent of development of the "third sector", which affects the interaction of these organizations with state agencies and the business community; the lack of sustainable cross-sector partnerships based on innovative practices, as well as measures boosting the interaction of families' and children's interests (Kataeva et al., 2016) involving the use of new technology solutions. The analysis of the registered NPOs shows that the share of SO NPOs dealing with families and children is only 0.9% of the total number of registered nongovernmental NPOs. For Russia, this number is insignificant. The Russian family is in need of social support in different areas. Moreover, there is a transformation of values related to marriage and children.
REFERENCES
Apanasyuk, L.A., Egorova, E.N., Kryukova, E.M., Makeeva, D.R. and Mukhomorova, I.V. (2017b).
Formation of Pedagogical Experience of Newcomers to The University Teachers in The Process of Intercultural Interaction. Sgem International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts, 1-5, 193-200.
Apanasyuk, L.A., Egorova, E.N., Kryukova, E.M., Mosalev, A.I. and Mukhomorova, I.V. (2017a). Socio- Ecological Education as A Factor of Economic Development. Sgem International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts, 1-3, 971-978.
Chislo nepolnykh semei v Rossii vyroslo do shesti millionov [Number of Single-Parent Families in Russia Increases to Six Million]. Rossiyskaya Gazeta. (26 April 2012). https://rg.ru/2012/04/26/semiya- anons.html
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 398 dated 8 August "On approval of top priority trends in socially useful services". http://www.garant.ru/hotlaw/federal/831860/
Dusenko, S., Oleynik, A., Sharikov, V., Polyakov, V., Kryukova, E. and Melnichuk, A. (2016). Current State of Innovative Activities in Education: The Use Of E-Learning in Russian Universities. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological And Chemical Sciences, 7(4), 1629-1637.
Federal law "On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on support for socially oriented nonprofit organizations" No. 40-FZ. (5 April 2010). http://www.consultant.ru/document/
cons_doc_LAW_99113/
Federal law on nonprofit organizations No. 7-FZ dated 12.01.1996. http://www.consultant.ru/document/
cons_doc_LAW_8824/
Fomicheva, T.V., Sulyagina, Ju., Kataeva, V., Kryukova, E. and Dusenko, S. (2017). Transformation of values in global society: managerial aspect. Espacios, 38(33), 31.
Frolova, E.V., Medvedeva, N.V., Kabanova, E.E., Kurbakova, S.N. and Vinichenko, M.V. (2016). Social partnership in Russia: Prerequisites, problems and trends. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 7, 2(16), 221–228.
Grishchenko, A.V. (2016). Nalogovoe regulirovanie deyatelnosti nekommercheskikh organizatsii [Tax Regulation of Activities of Nonprofit Organizations]. https://grans.hse.ru/data/2016/04/22/1130215532/
Na-13.5%20%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.pdf
Information on registered nonprofit organizations. Information portal of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. http://unro.minjust.ru/nkos.aspx
Information portal of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. http://unro.minjust.ru/nkos.aspx.
Kataeva, V.I., Koludarova, S.V., Salistaya, G.S., Sulyagina, J.O. and Fomicheva, T.V. (2016). Values of Russian people in institutions of socialization: fighting for a better world. Man in India, 96(7), 2315-2325.
Khodorova, Yu. 2016. Valovaia vnutrenniaia filantropiia: analiz vzaimosviazi VVP nalogov i chastnoi blagotvoritelnosti [Gross Domestic Philanthropy: Analysis of the Relationships among GDP, Taxes and Private Charity]. Journal "Philanthropist". http://philanthropy.ru/analysis/2016/01/28/33080/
#.V9J5kfmLTDc
Kryukova, E.M., Maloletko, A.N., Makeeva, D.R., Egorova, E.N. and Mukhоmorova, I.V. (2017). The Russian Practice of Integrating Modern and Business Technologies into The Virtual Educational Environment of Tourism Specialists of Russian Federation. Sgem International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts, 1-5, 603-608.
Kulkova, V.Yu. (2013). Opyt organizatsii i realizatsii obrazovatelnoi programmy dlia spetsialistov sotsialno orientirovannykh nekommercheskikh organizatsii respubliki Tatarstan (SO NKO RT) v razvitii sistemy gosudarstvennoi podderzhki tretego sektora [Experience in Organization and Fulfillment of Educational Programs for Specialists of Socially Oriented Nonprofit Organizations (SO NPOs) in the Development of a System of State Support for the Third Sector]. The Bulletin of the Volga University. V.N.
Tatishcheva, 3(13), 96-103.
Lhaniam, S. and Yudina, T.N. (2017). Obrazovatelnye i professionalnye traektorii molodezhi [Educational and Professional Trajectories of Youth]. Aspiring sociologists on the topical problems of contemporary society. Moscow: RGSU.
Madiari-Bek, I., Yudina, T.N., Kirilina, T.Yu. (2016). Gigiena kultury: obshchii kontsept i vidy sotsialnoi bolezni [Hygiene of Culture: General Concept and Types of Social Diseases]. Moscow.
Makeeva, D.R., Kryukova, E.M., Shadskaia, I.G., Mukhоmorova, I.V., Egorova, E.N. (2017). The Economic Aspect of Development of Sphere of Services of The Russian Federation on The Example of Ecological Tourism. Sgem International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts, 1-4, 793-800.
Materialnoe polozhenie rossiian 2005-2015 [Financial Standing of the Russians 2005-2015]. Publication by All-Russia Public Opinion Research Center No. 3010. (28 December 2015). http://wciom.ru/index.php?
id=236&uid=115531
Minnigaleeva, G.A. (2016). Innovatsionnost rossiiskikh NKO: masshtaby i vzaimosviaz s osobennostiami upravleniia [Innovativeness of Russian NPOs: Its Extent and Relation to Management Peculiarities].
Public Opinion Monitoring, 4(134), 67-79. http://wciom.ru/fileadmin/file/monitoring/
2016/134/2016_134_05_Minnigaleeva.pdf
Opros pokazal dvukratnyi rost chisla bednykh semei v Rossii za god [Survey Shows Twofold Increase in Number of Poor Families in Russia for Year]. (28 December 2015). Lenta. https://lenta.ru/news/
2015/12/28/dohod/
Sakevich, V.I. (2012). Doklad o polozhenii detei v Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Report on Children's Position in Russia]. Demoscope, 499-500. http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0499/reprod01.php
Shchaste ili krizis: komu na Rusi zhit khorosho [Happiness or Crisis: Who Is Happy in Russia?].
Publication by All-Russia Public Opinion Research Center No. 3085. (18 April 2016). http://wciom.ru/
index.php?id=236&uid=115659
Shilovskaya, A.L. and Sitdikova, L.B. (2018). The use of restorative justice for juveniles in Europe.
Russian journal of criminology, 12(1), 141-151.
Svirin, A.Yu., Mokhov, A.A., Gureev, V.A., Shestov, S.N. and Shilovskaya A.L. (2017). Proof and evidence in cases involving compensation for damage caused to health or life of a citizen as a result of the use of drugs for medical use. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 8, 1(23), 250–260.
The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Podderzhka dostupa negosudarstvennykh organizatsii k predostavleniiu uslug v sotsialnoi sfere [Granting nongovernmental organizations access to social services]. (2016). http://economy.gov.ru/minec/about/structure/depino/
2016070101
Yudina, T.N. and Balashova, D. (2016). Tipy semi i rol sovremennoi zhenshchiny v semie [Types of Families and the Role of Contemporary Women in the Family]. Aspiring sociologists on the topical problems of contemporary society. Moscow: RGSU.
Zhesterov, P.V., Neznamova, A.A., Starodumova, S.J., Volkova, M.A. and Lenkovskaya, R.R. (2017). The Legal Regime of the Deliverables under the Appraisal Contract. Man in India, 97(25), 357-364.
Zolotareva, A.E., Starodumova, S.J., Neznamova, A.A., Lenkovskaya, R.R. and Volkova, M.A. (2017). Land Plots as a Variety of Immovable Things. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 7(29).
