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Automated Hand Sanitizer Dispenser Integrated with Contactless Temperature Gun and
Pulse Oximeter
R. Sivaprasad
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College
Chennai, India
sivaprasad.eee@sairam.edu.in
Dr. B. Meenakshi
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College
Chennai, India
meenakshi.eee@sairam.edu.in S. Sai Ganesh Ram
Undergraduate Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College
Chennai, India
e7ee002@sairamtap.edu.in S. Sivachidambaram
Undergraduate Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Chennai, India
e7ee077@sairamtap.edu.in
S. Veeramani
Undergraduate Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Chennai, India
e7ee094@sairamtap.edu.in
Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published online: 10 May 2021
Abstract - COVID-19 is the greatest threat we are facing now. Using masks, gloves, sanitizing our hands, getting checked for Temperature, Pulse rate and Oxygen level has become our new normal. However, in the public places people are still at risk when they use conventional sanitizer dispensers and allotting a person with temperature gun, who himself is at the risk of getting affected by COVID. Our Sensor based Automated System will be a better solution for the current scenario and it is risk free. It combines checks for temperature, oxygen level and the buzzer goes off indicating that the person has some conditions. In this approach we have integrated three systems namely Sanitizer Dispensing System (SDS), Temperature Monitoring System (TMS) and Pulse rate and Oxygen level Monitoring System (POMS) that are built into a single Hybrid System. The Sanitizer Dispensing System (SDS) consists of Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, Relay Module connected to Arduino UNO, Water pump, Sanitizer tank and Indicator LEDs. The Temperature Monitoring System (TMS) consists of MLX90614 Temperature Sensor, a Buzzer connected to Arduino UNO and an LCD display. Pulse rate and Oxygen level Monitoring System (POMS) consists of a MAX30100 pulse oximeter sensor connected to NODEMCU and the LCD display. This integrated system does not require physical assistance, which prevents the spread of the disease to great extent.
Keywords: Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor, Pulse Oximeter Sensor, Infrared Temperature Sensor and Ultrasonic Sensor.
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I. INTRODUCTION
COVID has literally changed the world as we know it. There was only a brief time when the world tried to get back to speed. People assumed Covid is almost done with availability of Vaccines. Pandemic is now showing signs of Second Wave. A sudden surge in cases is alarming. World need to get ready for another lockdown if required. People need to stay Vigilant, learn from our earlier mistakes and evolve. A saying goes like, “Necessity is the mother of invention”. World as we know it has accustomed to new order where cleanliness has taken new focus. People use various ways to keep themselves clean to protect themselves from the Pandemic that has claimed more lives and altered our way of life. It has shown how important is our personal hygiene. Millions of dollars were invested in identifying efficient and effective ways to ensure cleanliness. New effective chemicals took the markets by storm. That creates another question. How can we keep our places and ourselves clean without handling things by hand? Social distancing and Sanitizing became the order of the day. More thinking went into how efficiently we can keep the places clean. There are manual and automated ways. Automated ways ensured minimal human intervention but the cost factor was something everyone couldn’t afford. This has left most of the people with the low-cost alternative of going ahead with manual ways. People were appointed in all places to ensure general public is checked and sanitized before entering the premises. This needed an additional thought because it poses a risk of spreading. Imagine if that person becomes the vector who spreads the infection instead of protection against the very thing, we are fighting to protect ourself against. The efficacy of the method in use has defeated the ultimate purpose. We took that as our problem statement.
II. OBJECTIVE
The main objective of our idea is to design a system that will minimize any form of human intervention, achieve the same purpose, reduce the cost and make it effective. Sanitizing the hands is seen as a widely accepted way to control spread. Here we focus on avoiding the conventional way of a human managed way of thermal check or a sanitizer bottle placed at the entrance of the premises which everyone comes into contact to get themselves sanitized. We provide an automated way that will handle both the issues at hand thereby monitoring pulse rate and oxygen level.
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
The analysis of various researchers suggests that there are separate bio medical devices for monitoring temperature, pulse rate and oxygen level and for dispensing sanitizer. The cases mentioned above needs assistance for their operation, who are at risk in this time of pandemic. So, we have designed a system, in which hand sanitization, temperature measurement, oxygen level and pulse rate measurements can be done in a single machine and doesn’t need any assistance for it’s functioning.
In the paper [1], the authors are discussing about a system that will ensure people always use Sanitizer before entering the shop premises by designing a smart hand sanitizer dispenser embedded with a door controller. This ensures that the person trying to enter the shop should sanitize for entering the shop premises otherwise which the door would stay closed. This is achieved using a microcontroller, elector magnetic lock and an ultrasonic sensor. In the paper [2], author is mentioning about a low cost, easy to access, faster, accurate and a portable Pulse Oximeter system which uses a MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter sensor and temperature sensor interfaced with a Node MCU microcontroller. The results are shown on an OLED display. This device provides a non-invasive method of knowing person’s temperature, heart rate and oxygen saturation level. It finds its application in present day Pandemic Situation in public places, hospitals etc.
In the paper [3], authors have designed a system that is IOT enabled which tracks and monitors the temperature with a temperature sensor. ESP8266 is a microcontroller WIFI chip that is used as data processing and communication unit. The temperature sensor MLX90614 senses the ambient temperature and sends the data to the ESP8266. The application connects to the WIFI and the received data is stored onto an SQL server database using the web services developed using Dot Net. The data exposed via webservices is shown in a Web portal developed with ASP .net.
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In the paper [4], author has designed a system that will monitor water level present in the tank and returns the percentage of water present in the container. The system uses an Arduino, a motor pump, ultrasonic sensor, LCD display and a buzzer. The ultrasonic sensor emits ultrasonic waves from the trigger pin. The waves when coming into contact with water gets reflected and is received by the echo pin. It is interfaced with Arduino which receives the output from sensor, identifies the water level as pre-programmed and sends the output to display. Also, when max/ min level is achieved, Arduino triggers a buzzer that raises an alarm.
In the paper [5], the author has designed a system that will monitor temperature using Infrared thermometer. It has an MCU (STC89C52) that receives the signal from Infrared sensor TN901. This is then displayed onto the LCD output display. When the temperature is beyond higher limit, an alarm goes off notifying abnormality. There is also a speech synthesizer system that will receive input from the MCU. Voice recording module will convert the signal to voice which is amplified using Power Amplifier and conveyed via Speaker. This will help the people with Vision disability to still know their temperature.
IV. SYSTEM DESIGN
The system we designed known as the Automated Hand Sanitizer dispenser integrated with contactless temperature gun and pulse-oximeter is mainly aimed at doing the temperature check, Pulse and Oxygen level Monitoring and dispensing the Sanitizer through dispenser as a single process through an integrated system there by reducing the complexity.
There are three mechanisms used as listed in the below Block Diagram. 1. Temperature Monitoring System (TMS)
2. Sanitizer Dispensing System (SDS)
3. Pulse and Oxygen Level Monitoring System (POMS) Block Diagram
Temperature Monitoring System
The Temperature Monitoring System is responsible for checking temperature and notifying abnormalities. It is equipped with a contact less Infrared Temperature Sensor MLX90614, an LCD display and Arduino UNO to
detect whether the person is normal or having an abnormal temperature. The temperature which we consider abnormal can be programmed into the system. Once it identifies a person with abnormalities, a buzzer goes off
notifying the abnormality and the temperature is also shown in the display. Sanitizer Dispensing System
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A Dispensing System activates whenever an obstacle is found in its vicinity. This is achieved using Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor. A Relay is used as a switch and time delay unit which is responsible for cut off of Sanitizer after a few seconds. This ensures consistent usage of Sanitizer for every trigger. Once the user places his hand in front of the dispenser, the Infrared Obstacle Avoidance sensor senses the user presence and triggers the dispenser using the Relay Module. The amount of sanitizer dispensed is controlled in a programmatic way
so that we don’t waste the liquid. An Ultrasonic sensor is used as an indicator to monitor the level of the sanitizer in the tank and notify the user using an Indicator LED’s for both High and Low levels of Sanitizer in
the tank. Pulse and Oxygen Level Monitoring System
The Pulse and Oxygen level monitoring System is triggered when the user places the finger on the sensor. The sensor has two LED’s one emitting Infrared while the other emits a red light. It works on the ability of oxygenated blood absorbing more infrared light and passing less red light whereas the deoxygenated blood absorbs more red light and passes more infrared light. Sensor detects the level of emitting light and absorbing light and provides the oxygen level in the body. Heart rate sensor integrated with oximeter calculates the pulse, based on the absorption and reflection of light through the skin. A Node MCU is a microcontroller which receives the response from the Pulse Oximeter and displays it over the LCD display.
V. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
Below listed are the hardware components used across each of the Systems. MLX 90614 Contact less IR Temperature Sensor
Detects the temperature ranging from -70 Degrees Celsius to 382 Degree Celsius. It uses Infrared rays to measure the temperature of the Object without any physical contact and uses I2C protocol to communicate with the microcontroller.
It consists of a power supply pin, ground pin, Serial Data pin and Serial Clock pin. It operates in the range of 3.6V to 5V with an accuracy of 0.02 Degree Celsius.
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Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor
Detects the obstacle and dispenses the sanitizer. It has a supply pin, ground pin and data pin. It consists of a transmitter that transmits the Infrared rays and a receiver to the receive the Infrared rays that is reflected back from the obstacle.
Its operating range is between 3.3V to 5V. The detection distance for the sensor is between 2 to 20 centimeters with a detection angle of 35 degrees. It also has a power LED which illuminates when power is applied and an obstacle LED which illuminates when an obstacle is detected.
MAX30100 Pulse-Oximeter Sensor
Pulse-Oximeter sensor is used to detect pulse rate and oxygen level. It consists of supply pin, ground pin, Serial Clock Pin and Serial Data Pin. The sensor has two LEDs, emitting infrared and red light. Oxygen level is calculated based on level of absorption of lights between oxygen rich and deoxygenated blood. Pulse is calculated with the help of heart rate sensor fixed inside the oximeter.
Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic sensor is used as Sanitizer Level Indicator. It consists of a supply pin, ground pin, trigger pin and an echo pin. Trigger pin emits the ultrasonic waves and when it faces an obstacle it is reflected and the same is received through the echo pin.
It works good between the distance of 20 to 400 centimeters within a 30-degree sensing angle and is accurate up to 0.3 centimeters.
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Relay
Timer and switching unit which is responsible for the amount of sanitizer dispensed, the duration for which the sanitizer is being dispensed and for activating pump. The operating range is between 3.75V to 6V. It consists of 6 pins as shown in the image below.
Arduino UNO
Brain of the whole system which controls the activities of Infrared Obstacle Avoidance sensor, the Ultrasonic Sensor, Infrared Temperature Sensor, Buzzer, Relay and the LCD output.
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller which contains an ATMEGA 328 processor that operates at 16MHZ speed, 32KB of program memory, 2KB of RAM, 14 digital pins, 6 analog pins and slots for both 3.3 V and 5V rails. For programming the microcontroller, type B USB is used and the programming is done in Arduino IDE.
Node MCU
Node MCU also known as ESP8266 is a cheaper and less power consuming microcontroller that has onboard support for WIFI and Bluetooth. It operates between 2.5V to 3.3V. It consists of a reset button which is used to reset the Node MCU and a flash button that is used to install or update the firmware.
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Pump
A 4V to 6V DC pump through which the sanitizer is being pumped to the dispensing system.
Battery
A Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery which is expected to give a stable output of 5V.
LCD Display
Displays the temperature and pulse-oxygen levels, recorded by the temperature sensor and pulse-oximeter sensor. It has a supply pin, ground pin, Serial data pin and a Serial clock pin. SDA and SCL pins interface with the microcontroller to display the data on the LCD display.
Buzzer
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VI. FLOW CHART
Flowchart - Description
User places hand in front of the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor detects and sends a signal to Arduino and displays the temperature on the LCD display. In case it is beyond expected limits, buzzer goes off indicating the abnormality. Once temperature check is done, IR sensor kicks in to detect the hand and sends the signal to Arduino which triggers the relay to dispense the pre-programmed quantity of sanitizer to the user. It helps ensure Sanitizer doesn’t keep flowing for every obstacle. User places the finger over the Pulse Oximeter Sensor. Sensor finds the pulse rate and oxygen level and displays it on the LCD display.
VII. RESULTS
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Fig 2- Back Panel set up
Fig 3- Pulse Oximeter Reading
Fig 4 – Temperature Reading
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VIII. FUTURE WORK
This approach ensures that the single machine serves the purposes of sanitization, pulse-oxygen level and temperature measurement without any assistance, thereby the risk is avoided. The system can be improved by adding smart electro magnetic lock which ensures only after sanitizing hands, the person is allowed inside. The approach can be extended to help the people with poor eye sight or blind people by installing a voice converter that converts the measured readings into voice signals and through a speaker the alert message is received. Alternative power sources such as solar can be installed to power up the system in case of the failure or cut off of the conventional power source.
The sensors with more accuracy give much more improved results. The ultrasonic sensors which is used as sanitizer level indicator can be sanitizer resistant, so that refilling sanitizers will not be a concern. A camera module with image processing technique and a database can be created to maintain the history of how many people went through the process in a firm or an industry, thereby providing us the statistics which will help plan better. These are the areas of concern that should be worked in to make this system an advanced one.
IX. CONCLUSION
The working model we have designed is mainly aimed at providing good health and wellbeing. Places such as hospitals, educational institutions and industries especially needs this, since the system is place in the entrance it checks all the vital parameters, so the impending danger is avoided. Since it is fully automated it will be a good deal and doesn’t need any assistance for its operation. We might have seen in public places a person with temperature gun has been allotted to check temperature, who comes in contact with more people and may have the high risk of getting affected.
Although the entire process stresses on automation with good accuracy and better results it can be improved further by employing Internet of Things, Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence to make it a advanced and precise system. Employing image processing technique with data base, thereby creating a statistical evidence and overviewing those histories on a daily, weekly or monthly basis helps us know the exact scenario. If these future works are carried out, then the proposed idea will be more helpful to the society.
X. REFERENCES
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2. [2] Guangli Long, “Design of a Non-contact Infrared Thermometer”, International Journals on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems (IJS2IS), Vol. 9, NO. 2, 2016.
3. [3] Kodathala Sai Varun, Kandagadla Ashok Kumar, Vunnam Rakesh Chowdary, C. S. K. Raju, “Water Level Management using Ultrasonic Sensor”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (IJCSE), Vol. 6, Issue. 6,2018.
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6. [6] Goncalo Marques, Rui Pitarma, “Non-Contact IR Temperature Systems for Laboratory Activities Monitoring”, International Conference on Sustainable Energy Information Technology (ICSEIT), August, 2019.
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8. [8] R.K. Parate, S.J. Sharma, “Design of a Portable Health Monitoring System”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), Vol. 9, Issue. 2, 2019
9. [9] MLX90614 data sheet link:
https://www.alldatasheet.com/view_datasheet.jsp?Searchword=MLX90614
10. [10] MAX30100 Pulse-Oximeter datasheet link:
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11. [11] E.Dogo, F.Sado and S. Adah , “ Microcontroller Based Medicare Device for Heart Beat Monitoring", The African Journal on Computing and Information Communication Technology, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp-121-128, 2013.
