Oral Session
The 17th Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies Animal Science Congress
54
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM ON PERFORMANCE,
SOME HISTOLOGICAL AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF BROILER*
Celik Ladine1, Cikrikci Mustafa1, Serbester Ugur1, Uzun Yusuf1, Polat Sait2, Yenilmez Fatma3, Celik Mehmet4, Gulnaz Osman5, Kutlu Hasan Rustu1
1
Cukurova University Faculty of Agricultural Department of Animal Science,
2
Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine Department of Department of Basic Medical Sciences,
3Cukurova University Vocational School of Tufanbeyli,
4Cukurova University Faculty of Fisheries Department of Fisheries and Seafood Processing Technology, 5Cukurova University Faculty of Education Department of Primary Education
Introduction
Feed additives including antibiotics have been widely used in poultry industry for several decades. The ban of antibiotics use as feed additives has led to investigations for alternatives to antibiotics. EM products originated in Japan after being discovered by Dr. Teruo Higa, a professor of horticulture. EM products have been on the market since 1983 and is now produced in over 156 countries. EM is a mixture of groups of anaerobic and aerobic beneficial microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts).
Studies have already shown that the use of EM could improve growth parameters (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and/or gut histology and microbiology in broilers (Esatu ve ark., 2011, 2012; Simeamelak ve ark., 2012; Wondmeneh ve ark., 2011). However, there is still lack of information regarding the efficacy and beneficial effects of EM in broiler chicks. Sokol et al. (2009) showed also that supplemental EM increased cholesterol, albümin and LDH activity but there was no effect on the body weight gain. Safalaoh and Smith (2001) suggest that the effectiveness of supplemental EM decreased serum cholesterol content of broilers, although Safalaoh (2006) were unable to confirm this observation statistically.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of effective microorganism (EM) supplied by drinking water and/or spraying onto poultry litter on performance, intestine histology and serum ALT, AST, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides concentration of broiler chicks.
Material and Methods
Eighty-one thousand, 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups of 27000 birds each. The groups were 1) control, 2) EM supplied by drinking water, 3) EM supplied by drinking water + by spraying onto poultry litter. The basal diets (starter: 0-10 d, grower 11-21 d, finisher 22-42 d) were based on maize and soybean meal. Throughout the experiment, which lasted 6 weeks, feed and water were given ad libitum. Light was provided 24 hours each day throughout.
At the end of the experiment, when chickens were 42 days of age, all birds were slaughtered. During the slaughtering process, 50 birds from each group were randomly chosen to take blood samples into plain tubes. After collecting blood samples, they were analyzed with commercial kits (Shenzen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics, China) for ALT, AST, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Jejunal samples were cut 2 cm length and were fixed in 10% buffered formalin saline and were prepared for routine histological study as mentioned by Higa (1993).
The data obtained in the experiment were analysed using the ANOVA procedure of SAS (1996) and treatment means were separated using Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test.
Results and Discussion
The results with respect to performance, blood and histological parameters of broilers are shown in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. The results obtained in the experiment showed that EM application affected performance parameters significantly (P<0.05). Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were affected by EM treatments (P<0.01) while having no effects serum ALT and AST concentrations. At the same time, EM supplied by drinking water + by spraying onto poultry litter significantly improved intestinal villi length (P<0.01) compared to the other groups. Total bacteria counts of poultry house floor were not influenced by the EM application.
Conclusions
In conclusion, effective microorganism supplementation to drinking water and/or spraying onto poultry litter tended to increase broiler growth performance and improved intestinal villi length of broiler chicks, while leading increased mortality due to faster weigh gain.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the grant support provided by Cukurova University Research Fund. Special thanks are due to Alper Akman, EM Agriton Türkiye Ltd. 㿩ti for gifts of EM.
KEYWORD：broiler, effective microorganism, growth performance, intestine histology, blood parameters
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Table 2. Effect of supplemental EM in drinking water and/or spraying on to poultry litter on
some blood parameters of broiler chicks
Serum Parameters
control EM by dw
EM by dw + spraying SEM
cP
ALT (U/L)
12.1
11.1
10.3
1.02 0.771
AST (U/L)
381.6
409.0
474.1
21.4 0.197
Glucose (mg/dL)
159.6b
189.0a
190.1a
5.03 0.012
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
110.5b
126.9a
129.9a
2.14 0.011
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
40.3b
54.4a
41.2b
3.00 0.005
a, b
:means in the same row with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05).
cSEM: standart error of means.
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The 17th Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies Animal Science Congress
56
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