Three pyronemataceous macrofungi genera new to Turkish Mycota

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http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/

Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot

(2013) 37: 977-980 © TÜBİTAK

doi:10.3906/bot-1206-30

Three pyronemataceous macrofungi genera new to Turkish Mycota

Ilgaz AKATA1, Abdullah KAYA2,*

1_{Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey}

2_{Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Science Faculty, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey}

* Correspondence: kayaabd@hotmail.com

1. Introduction

Pyronemataceous macrofungi taxa are characterised by soft and brittle, sessile or shortly stipitate, discoid, cupulate to pulvinate, epigeous, semihypogeous to hypogeous fruit bodies, growing on soil, dung, living plants, and debris. They have cylindrical to subcylindrical and nonamyloid asci; smooth or ornamented, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, guttulate or aguttulate, hyaline, rarely brown ascospores; and filiform to cylindrical paraphyses (Liu & Zhuang, 2006).

Acervus Kanouse, Neottiella (Cooke) Sacc., and Rhodoscypha Dissing & Sivertsen are genera of the family Pyronemataceae. Among them, Rhodoscypha is a monotypic genus with Rhodoscypha ovilla (Peck) Dissing & Sivertsen, while Acervus and Neottiella are currently represented with 4 and 13 taxa, respectively (Kirk et al., 2008). According to the current checklists (Solak et al., 2007; Sesli & Denchev, 2008) and latest records (Allı et al., 2011; Akata et al., 2012; Güngör et al., 2013), no member of the above 3 genera has been reported from Turkey so far.

This study aims to make a contribution to the mycobiota of Turkey by adding new generic records.

2. Materials and methods

The study materials were collected from Trabzon Province in 2011. During field trips, relevant morphological and ecological features of the specimens were recorded, and they were photographed in their natural habitats. Thereafter, the samples were taken to the laboratory for further

investigation. Microstructural data were obtained by light microscope with the help of reagents such as Melzer’s reagent, 5% KOH, and distilled water. Microphotographs of asci and ascospores were taken through a Leica DM 1000 trinocular microscope with a Leica DFC 295 camera. Identification was performed with the help of Breitenbach and Kränzlin (1984), Pfister and Bessette (1985), Hansen and Knudsen (2000), and Medardi (2006). The samples are kept in the herbarium of Ankara University (ANK). 3. Results

3.1. Pyronemataceae Corda

3.1.1. Acervus epispartius (Berk. & Broome) Pfister (1975) (Figure 1)

Syn.: Peziza epispartia Berk. & Broome (1873);

Phaedropezia epispartia (Berk. & Broome) Le Gal (1953).

Apothecia 10–30 mm, cupulate to discoid, stalkless or with a rudimentary stalk, hymenium smooth, orange to lemon yellow, outer surface lighter than hymenial surface. Asci 90–95 × 6–8 µm, subcylindrical, 8-spored. Ascospores 6.5–7.5 × 4–4.5 µm, ellipsoid, hyaline, with 2 guttules.

Trabzon: Yomra, İkisu village, on soil, under common hazel, 40°56′N, 39°48′E, 300 m, 01.09.2011, Akata 4057.

3.1.2. Neottiella rutilans (Fr.) Dennis (1960) (Figure 2) Syn.: Humaria rutilans (Fr.) Sacc. (1889); Humaria rutilans var. ericetorum (Pers.) Sacc. (1889); Leucoloma rutilans (Fr.) Fuckel (1870); Leucoscypha rutilans (Fr.) Dennis & Rifai (1968); Neottiella ovilla var. flavodisca Cooke & Massee (1893); Octospora rutilans (Fr.) Dennis & Itzerott Abstract: Three pyronemataceous macrofungi genera, Acervus Kanouse, Neottiella (Cooke) Sacc., and RhodoscyphaDissing & Sivertsen, are recorded for the first time from Turkey, based on the collection of Acervus epispartius (Berk. & Broome) Pfister, Neottiella rutilans (Fr.) Dennis, and Rhodoscypha ovilla (Peck) Dissing & Sivertsen. Short descriptions of the taxa are provided together with photographs related to macro- and micromorphologies.

Key words: Pyronemataceae, biodiversity, new records, Turkey

Received: 21.06.2012 Accepted: 07.04.2013 Published Online: 06.09.2013 Printed: 30.09.2013 Research Note

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(1973); Peziza ericetorum Pers. (1822); Peziza rutilans Fr. (1822) (www.speciesfungorum.org; accessed 20 May 2012).

Apothecia 5–7 mm, stipitate, discoid or turbinate, orange to yellow orange, with a short stalk at the centre almost buried in the substrate, hymenium bright yellowish-orange, outside whitish flushed orange towards the margin and covered by septate downy white hairs, flesh fragile. Asci 280–300 × 20–21 µm, cylindrical to clavate, 8-spored. Ascospores 23–26 × 13–15 µm, ellipsoid to fusiform, cream to yellowish, with 1 or 2 guttules, hairs up to 200 µm, tapering, hyaline, thick-walled, septate at the base.

Trabzon: Çaykara, Uzungöl village, on moss, in mixed forest, 40°36′N, 40°16′E, 1300 m, 26.10.2011, Akata 4309.

3.1.3. Rhodoscypha ovilla (Peck) Dissing & Sivertsen (1983) (Figure 3)

Syn.: Leucoscypha ovilla (Peck) Harmaja (1977); Neottiella

ovilla (Peck) Sacc. (1889); Patella ovilla (Peck) Seaver

(1928); Peziza ovilla Peck (1876).

Apothecia 6–10 mm, sessile or substipitate, cup- to goblet-shaped, hymenium smooth, pink, outer surface furfuraceus, whitish to light pink, margin with whitish to pale ochre agglutinative hairs. Asci 380–400 × 18–20 µm, cylindrical, 8-spored, uniseriate. Paraphyses cylindrical, septate. Ascospores 35–40 × 10–13 µm, fusiform, hyaline, smooth, with 2 to several drops. Hairs up to 200 µm, thick-walled, septate.

Trabzon: Çaykara, Uzungöl village, under Picea L., 40°37′N, 40°17′E, 1150 m, 27.10.2011, Akata 4344.

Figure 1. Acervus epispartius: a- ascocarps, b- ascus, c- ascospores.

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4. Discussion

Though the genus Acervus Kanouse is characterised by medium to small-sized apothecia, yellow to orange hymenium, thin-walled asci and small ascospores, and the presence of a mycelial pad or root-like structure at the apothecial base, the shape and size of the ascospores are considered to be the most important characters in the taxonomy of the species (Zhuang et al., 2011). Acervus

epispartius is macroscopically very close to several Acervus

species, but it is distinguished from others by its lemon yellow to orange yellow hymenium and thin-walled and 6.5–7.5 × 3.8–4 µm diameter ascospores.

Neottiella rutilans has a stemmed cup and guttulate

reticulate spores and resembles Neottiella vivida (Nyl.) Dennis and Neottiella hetieri Boud. macroscopically. N.

vivida has slightly larger spores that are decorated with

hemispheric warts, and N. hetieri has smaller apothecia (up to 2 mm) and spores (16–18.5 × 10–11 µm) and longer hairs (up to 250 µm) (Hansen & Knudsen, 2000; Medardi, 2006).

Rhodoscypha ovilla may also be confused with Rhodotarzetta rosea (Rea) Dissing & Sivertsen and Leucoscypha leucotricha (Alb. & Schwein., Br) Boud. in

terms of morphology. R. rosea differs from R. ovilla with its smooth outer surface and broadly ellipsoidal and smaller spores (18–21 × 9–10.5 µm). Likewise, L. leucotricha can be distinguished from R. ovilla with its white ascocarp with long hairs at the outer surface and slightly warty and 2-guttuled spores (Medardi, 2006).

A check of the current literature (Solak et al., 2007; Sesli & Denchev, 2008; Akata et al., 2012) revealed that 25 pyronemataceous macrofungi taxa within 13 genera,

Aleuria Fuckel, Anthracobia Boud., Cheilymenia Boud., Ciliaria Quél., Flavoscypha Harmaja, Geopora Harkn., Geopyxis (Pers.) Sacc., Humaria Fuckel, Melastiza Boud., Otidea (Pers.) Bonord., Scutellinia (Cooke) Lambotte, Tarzetta (Cooke) Lambotte, and Trichophaea Boud.,

had been reported from Turkey up to the end of May 2012. With the addition of Acervus epispartius, Neottiella

rutilans, and Rhodoscypha ovilla, the existing genera and

taxa of Turkish pyronemataceous macrofungi increased to 16 and 28, respectively.

Figure 3. Rhodoscypha ovilla: a- ascocarps, b- asci, c- ascospores in a portion of an ascus, d- hairs.

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