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類胡蘿蔔素對檳榔嚼塊萃取物誘發倉鼠口腔癌症之預防效果

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類胡蘿蔔素對檳榔嚼塊萃取物誘發倉鼠口腔癌症之預防效

錢信;黃士懿;林永和;謝穎欣;謝孟志;王慧芳;謝明哲.

Abstract

在台灣嚼食檳榔與口腔癌症的發生率有極高的相關性,而過去的研究亦指出檳榔嚼塊在口腔癌症 癌化的過程中的扮演著促癌的角色。本研究係以倉鼠口腔頰袋(hamster cheek pouch)為實驗 模式,探討單獨塗抹維生素E(α-tocopherol, 0.5% in mineral oil)和類胡蘿蔔素(β -carotene、lycopene、lutein, 0.5% in mineral oil)或四種抗氧化劑混合使用時對檳榔嚼

塊萃取物誘發之口腔癌症預防效果。實驗組(含控制組共6組)在實驗前期 4 週內以DMBA為 誘癌物,在實驗後期12週內則以檳榔嚼塊萃取物(450 克檳榔,120 克荖藤和 50 克紅灰以 300 毫升DMSO萃取)和類胡蘿蔔素每日交互塗抹於倉鼠右側口頰,每次 0.3 毫升。實驗結果 發現病理變化在口腔到食道黏膜上皮腫瘤確實以混合組最輕微而以對照組較嚴重。經由致癌物 DMBA的誘導,檳榔嚼塊萃取物(BQE)的介入確實有促癌作用的產生,而類胡蘿蔔素的局部塗抹 具有抑制檳榔嚼塊萃取物誘發口腔黏膜上皮腫瘤的產生,尤其是蕃茄紅素組和混合組較為顯著。 當以個體產生之腫瘤負荷(tumor burden)的數量和體積而言,以食道和口腔黏膜上皮病灶比 較,發現雖然口腔黏膜上皮腫瘤數目比食道少,但腫瘤負荷卻比食道多出許多,而且在腫瘤體積 方面,食道比口腔黏膜上皮病灶較小。不論在食道及口腔黏膜上皮的腫瘤數目和腫瘤負荷,皆是 以對照組最為嚴重,而類胡蘿蔔素局部塗抹能顯著抑制食道及口腔黏膜上皮腫瘤數目和腫瘤負荷 的產生,其中以混合組抑制效果最為顯著。綜觀研究結果可知類胡蘿蔔素和維生素E能顯著抑制 口腔癌症的發生,而混合投與則具有協同抑癌的功效。

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