Merkezi/Maltepe/Ankara
GRAMMAR STUDIES
Boşluklara gelebilecek en doğru ifadeyi işaretleyiniz1. It is just possible that there is ____ reason behind his refusal of this award.
A) other B) another C) the others D) any E) rather
2. Even in classical times there were people with a ____ ethical approach to education than one can find in our time.
A) few B) most C) more D) little E) much
3. Local authorities have always given ____ importance to the improvement of
recreational facilities. A) any B) some C) too D) quite E) many
4. There were many casualties on both sides, but more on the enemy side than ____ . A) ours B) them C) we D) their E) our
5. The government is determined to improve the communications system ____ the costs involved will be a serious burden on the budget. A) so that B) while C) despite D) as if E) even though
6. ____ well one may think of him, one must admit that he’s too old for the job.
A) So B) Although C) Even D) However E) As
7. Though he got other people to do research for him in the archives he ____ wrote the whole report A) too B) himself C) also D) as well E) thus
8. At present ____ car is being repaired so we shall have to go in ____ . A) my / yours B) mine / your C) their / us D) his / our E) hers / theirs
9. ____ the manager looks shy, youthful and mild, he is in fact a rare combination of discipline, energy and intellect. A) So that B) Even so C) Although D) Therefore E) in case
10. Considering there are millions of hungry people in the world, it shouldn’t be difficult to appreciate ____ important it is for us to find new sources of food.
A) just B) why C) what D) that E) how
11. ____ wins will be expected to take the rest of us for a meal.
A) Whoever B) Who C) Whomever D) Whomsoever E) Whatever
12. Today, ____ rapid transportation and communications, the whole world is becoming one community with common economic interests. A) as long as B) in spite of C) just as D) because of E) such as
13. Of all the drugs that have been prescribed so far, this has proved to be ____ effective one. A) most B) the most C) more D) just as E) the more
Merkezi/Maltepe/Ankara
14. Under the present circumstances we don’t have to take the case to the court ____ ? A) do we
B) have we C) is it D) isn’t it E) don’t we
15. It was clear that he wasn’t impressed by the way the business was run, and I must admit ____ . A) I also was B) I did too C) I wasn’t either D) neither did I E) so did I
16. The way of life ____ which he was drawn ultimately led ____ the collapse of his business. A) with / up to B) from / out of C) by / into D) into / to E) through / down to
17. ____ first consulting us I don’t think he had any right to reach such an agreement ____ the strikers. A) By / over B) After / on C) Before / from D) In / to E) Without / with
18. It wouldn’t have surprised me if he ____ after that incident.
A) resigned B) had resigned C) were to resign D) has resigned E) would’ve resigned
19. If we are to get out of this political mess, someone ____ the lead, and the sooner they start the better.
A) has taken B) should have taken C) had to take D) must have taken E) will have to take
20. It is hoped that by the end of the century the growth rate of the world population ____ substantially.
A) will have been curbed B) Would have been curbed C) has been curbed D) will curb
E) will have to be curbed
21. Obviously there ____ a remarkable improvement in the condition of the patient since he ____ surgery.
A) is / undergoes B) was / has undergone C) will be / had undergone D) has been / underwent
E) would have been / would undergo ;
22. By the time Brahms ____ to compose his symphonies, this form ____ well established. A) was beginning / would have been
B) had begun / was C) began / had been D) has begun / has been E) would begin / would be
23. Have you seen the display of the books written by the visiting professor ____ is going to talk this afternoon on the future of the European Community? A) whose B) whom C) who D) which E) what
24. The minister said to his under-secretary: “You will check that all the details are correct, ____ ?” A) aren’t you B) will you C) could you D) won’t you E) are they
25. 21. Following a noticeable improvement in the general economic scene, unemployment too, seems ____ a turn for the better. A) having taken
B) to have taken C) to be taken D) taking
E) to have been taken
26. For nearly a decade most governments in the world ____ to find ways of combating environmental problems.
A) were tried B) would have tried C) try
D) could try E) have been trying
27. By the end of this term of office, he ____ all the projects he has already undertaken. A) has completed
Merkezi/Maltepe/Ankara
B) will have completed C) completed
D) had completed E) is completing
28. Before the nationwide vaccination campaign ____ , the infant mortality rate ____ to an alarming extent.
A) is being introduced / would rise B) will be introduced / rose C) had been introduced / has risen D) will be introduced / was rising E) was introduced / had risen
29. Naturally I will come to you for advice whenever I feel in need of ____ .
A) them B) one C) some D) none E) a few
30. We’ve had some pretty good directors over two years but Dr Radeliffe is ____ the most capable of them all.
A) by far B) over all C) just so D) as much E) too much
31. The committee showed their wholehearted approval of the designs he submitted and ____ . A) me, too B) so did I C) so have I D) so we do E) we also have
32. The other climbers were all for giving up the attempt, but it was ____ impossible to convince him of the need to do so.
A) too B) such C) quite D) as E) much
33. Could this possibly be the firm’s new buyer ____ reputation, if we are able to believe the newspapers, is not quite what it should be. A) whom B) which C) whatever D) what E) whose
34. ____ takes on the task of investigating these particular allegations is going to run into a lot of difficulties.
A) Someone B) Anyone C) Whatsoever D) Whoever E) Whichever
35. His scheme, with all its shortcomings, will inevitably be pushed through ____ we can produce one, by Tuesday, which is obviously much more feasible.
A) how B) so that C) unless D) moreover E) in case
36. ____ he gives the appearance of sincerity and reliability, just remember that you can’t trust him an inch.
A) Though B) That C) As far as D) Nevertheless E) So
37. On that occasion, he really was ____ luck; it was as if every thing had combined ____ him.
A) up to / through B) away from / behind C) out of / against D) into / upon E) onto / over
38. Few sociologists will admit that a city is distinct ____ a village merely ____ the number of its inhabitants.
A) of / for B) from / by C) to / over D) in / though E) off / in
39. Water has a moderating effect on temperature, ____ summer and midday heat, and winter and midnight cold.
A) diminished B) having diminished C) to diminish D) being diminished E) diminishing
40. Of course nobody knows what the outcome of the election ____ but at the moment Malcolm ____ as the most likely candidate.
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B) is / has been regarded
C) was / would have been regarded D) will be / is regarded
E) has been / has been regarded
41. When that happened, their hopes ____ because the army ____ its most trusted leaders.
A) wane / would lose B) are waning / loses C) waned / had lost D) were waning / has lost E) have waned / lost
42. They ____ the advantages and the disadvantages of the takeover when I ____ them an hour or so later.
A) will discuss / would rejoin B) have discussed / am rejoining C) are discussing / will rejoin D) were discussing / rejoined E) would discuss / had rejoined
43. The doctors are of the opinion that if the disorder ____ a few months earlier, it ____ treated successfully.
A) had been diagnosed / could have been B) were diagnosed / would be
C) has been diagnosed / will be D) is being diagnosed / is being E) were to be diagnosed / has been
44. We still ____ that any changes in the law along these lines ____ to our advantage. A) had believed / will have been
B) believed / had been C) have believed / would be D) would believe / were being E) believe / will be
45. ____ hard he works, he’ll never be the equal of his father, he’s just not capable of it. A) So B) However C) As D) Whatever E) Just as
46. We know nothing at all about the company’s new chairman ____ that he’s just had his fiftieth birthday.
A) since B) instead C) in case D) on condition E) except
47. For a business to be really successful, team work is essential and the members of team must be support of ____ .
A) each of them B) the others C) themselves D) one another E) the other one
48.The testimony of the second witness didn’t surprise me at all; ____ the account he gave was more or less what I had expected from him.
A) on the other hand B) as a matter of fact C) conversely D) consequently E) nevertheless
49.I don’t like the timetable they have given me; all my classes are after lunch but I would ____ rather teach in the morning.
A) much B) more C) as D) just E) even
50. I’ve given up expecting them to act sensibly but their behavior on this occasion was ____ irrational than usual.
A) the most B) so much C) even more D) ever so E) the more
51. ____ of the questions they asked at the interview were ____ what I expected.
A) Some / more B) Each / such C) All / so D) Any / about E) None / quite
52. Of course, it can never be proved, but just the same, some people think that it ____ better for these children if they had been forcibly taken away from their families. A) may have been
B) had been C) will have been D) would have been E) must be
53. Actually, most of the crimes that ____ last year were not connected with violence, but this is not the picture that ____ up from watching TV coverage of the topic.
A) were committed / builds
B) have been committed / has been built C) were being committed / was built D) had committed / would built
Merkezi/Maltepe/Ankara
E) would be committed / had been built
54. Of course my suspicions ____ by the confused way in which she ____ out her answers to my questions.
A) have been awakened / was stammering B) were awakened / stammered
C) awakened / stammers
D) would have awakened / had stammered E) would have been awakened / has stammered 55. When he ____ that very rash promise he didn’t realise what he ____ himself in for. A) will make / would let
B) has made / lets C) made / was letting D) was making / has let E) makes / is letting
56. Indeed, on both sides, it ____ that the decisive battles ____ on the plains of Flanders and Northeast France.
A) has to be foreseen / has been fighting B) has been foreseen / has been fought C) could have been foreseen / will fight D) had been foreseen / would be fought E) will be foreseen / could be fought
57. The outbreak of fire underground ____ an excellent opportunity for ____ a no smoking rule.
A) will prove / to be enforced B) has provided / having enforced C) would provided / to enforce D) had provided / being enforced E) provided / enforcing
58. Grain dominates the world food economy ____ .
A) since it accounts for half of the human calorie intake
B) which in turn has led to a greater interest in nutrition
C) which might have resulted in the emergence of a trade deficit
D) that resulted in a moderate decline in exchange rates
E) until the steep rise in the purchasing power of oil put an end to it
59. ____ , I had to notify not only the police but also the health authorities.
A) Late as it is
B) However reluctant I may be C) Whoever sends in the complaint D) As it turned out
E) Until this finally becomes law
60.Naturally he was amazed to learn ____ . A) whichever business managed to increase their
profits towards the end of the year
B) how anyone can survive even two days in the North Sea
C) that she had set her heart on going back to Johannesburg
D) where I have hidden the key to garage E) until the whole dept has been paid back to the
very last penny
61.Queen Elizbeth I delighted to participate in the court dance ____ .
A) since nobody has dared to criticise her B) if her health would have permitted her to C) even when she was an old lady
D) whenever there may be an audience to applaud her
E) that she liked to be the centre of attention
62. Once the new system had gone into effect ____ .
A) everyone had predicted the drawbacks from the start
B) the organizers won’t face innumerable problems
C) few of us were prepared for such devastating result
D) those who oppose it are advised to stay silent E) people realised that their anxieties about it
had been groundless
63. When the relief workers reached the scene of the disaster, they immediately began to help _____ who could do nothing for _____ . A) that / himself B) them / their C) those / themselves D) these / ourselves E) us / yourself
64. The very idea of establishing a literary ‘canon’ has become _____ controversial that the people running the Library of America have wisely avoided using the term.
A) too B) as C) such D) so E) more
65. They haven’t met for twelve years or more, but I understand they still write to _____ at a regular interval.
A) the other B) each other C) themselves D) the others
Merkezi/Maltepe/Ankara
E) one other
66. It was foolish of me to turn down such an offer; in fact _____ I think about it, _____ I regret it.
A) as much / so much more B) the more / as much C) much / as much D) the most / so much E) the more / the more
67. The scheme has been _____ consideration for a long time now, but I doubt whether it will ever be put _____ effect.
A) under / into B) within / through C) for / to D) in / off E) over / ever
68. It was _____ his efforts that the two sides finally agreed to hold talks _____ the principles of economic cooperation.
A) by / through B) ever / for C) through / on D) with / at E) without / from
69. I was forced to admit that there was a drop in sales towards the end of the year _____ he had predicted. A) such as B) even so C) in case D) just as E) so far as
70.Under these circumstances he should never have been allowed to take charge of the operation _____ he was the most senior of the officers available.
A) whyever B) whether C) even though D) whenever E) so that
71. Why can’t you admit that _____ hard he works, he will never manage to achieve what his elder brother has achieved?
A) unless B) whatsoever C) though D) whenever E) however
72. Many more people would doubtless have attended the debate _____ they had known in advance who the principal speakers were. A) if only B) while C) since D) after E) until
73. Our delegates hadn’t shown themselves willing to come to terms, those from other countries _____
A) would be, too. B) wouldn’t have, either. C) had not, either. D) have had, too. E) would have, too.
74. In recent decades the efficiency of the United Nations _____ by a growing number of countries.
A) will have been questioned B) was questioned
C) had been questioned D) would be questioned E) has been questioned
75. It seems likely that, by the end of the week, the costs involved in the construction of the bridge _____ by the Ministry.
A) would have been announced B) would be announced C) are being announced D) will have been announced E) have been announced
76. They set up a liaison office in East Africa for marketing their goods but now they wish they _____ so.
A) had not done B) have not done C) would not do D) would not have done E) never do
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77. Had they apologised for deliberately overcharging me, I _____ a complaint with the Consumers’ rights Office.
A) will not have filed B) may not have filed C) would not have filed D) was not filing E) may not file
78. We _____ no problems whatsoever with the dam since it _____ forty years ago. A) had / has been constructed
B) have had / was constructed C) had had / had been constructed D) are having / is constructed
E) were having / was being constructed
79. Although global environmental trends over the past few decades have generally not been favourable, ____ .
A) the built up of new houses in the forests would have been reduced
B) some positive developments are nevertheless beginning to emerge
C) they had inadvertently assumed responsibility for it
D) future generations would not have been deprived of the opportunity to support themselves
E) deforestation proved to be the lesser of the two evils
80. Unless strict measures are put into force to control noise ____ .
A) the migration to rural areas seems likely to continue unabated
B) the complaints were not attended to at all C) every teenager seemed to be enamoured of
extremely loud music
D) this would have been regarded as a serious breach of regulations
E) a rural existence would naturally have been preferable
81. There ____ many efforts to eradicate racism, but very little success ____ . A) were / had been achieved
B) had been / would have been achieved C) have been / has been achieved D) are / was achieved
E) may be / will have been achieved
82. He ____ his paper by saying that the entire history of human race ____ by transfers of cultural and technological advance from one civilisation to another. A) concluded / had been marked
B) concludes / would have been marked C) has concluded / was marked D) had concluded / is marked E) will conclude / was being marked
83. Evaporation ____ the process by which a solid or liquid ____ into vapour by heat. A) had been / resolved
B) was / had resolved C) has been / was resolved D) may be / has resolved E) is / is resolved
84. The Etruscans, who ____ a great part of Italy about 900 BC, ____ from Asia Minor. A) had colonised / originally came
B) colonised / had originally come C) were colonised / have originally come D) have colonised / originally come E) were colonising / might originally come 85. The orders were that we ____ the area within hours to prevent further loss of life. A) had evacuated
B) have to evacuate C) will have evacuated D) had to evacuate E) shall have to evacuate
86. Economic recession and rising unemployment, coupled ____ continued increases ____ retail food prices, have curtailed consumption. A) with / in B) through / through C) by / for D) at / about E) within / over
87. In Ethiopia, primitive farming practices and uncontrolled clearing of natural vegetation have transformed much of the country’s highlands ____ bare landscapes, but all destroyed ____ erosion.
A) above / of B) for / with C) into / by D) in / under E) to / at
88. The advance in the steel industry has been marked ____ a progressive increase ____ size, complexity and capital outlay. A) at / of
B) with / to C) over / from
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D) by / in
E) under / through
89. The answer to the question ____ great art can exist independently of religion will, ____ , depend on society’s moral and aesthetic values.
A) what / in the same way B) even if / in due course C) whether / to a large extent D) so that / in short
E) since / now and again
90. Thailand has lost half of its forests ____ its population has ____ doubled in recent decades. A) as / more than B) just as / mostly C) so as / soon D) in case / quite E) because of / much
91. Clifford Goertz, probably ____ famous anthropologist in the world today, has revolutionised the way anthropology is taught on campuses. A) more B) most C) the most D) the more E) a
92. Holding a yellow umbrella in his hand he said he didn’t know ____ it was, and added that it was not ____ .
A) which / him B) whose / his C) who / her D) whom / us E) that / theirs
93. The Deputy Prime Minister announced that it was ____ early to propose
amendments in the legislation concerning industrial relations. A) as well as B) just so C) just as D) as soon as E) as yet too
94. Activists are those in a political movement who insist on taking active steps towards their objectives ____ merely putting forward an action program. A) in order to B) rather than C) as far as D) in that E) so long as 95. He is diplomatically qualified ____ to negotiate for a mutual reduction of the armed forces in the region.
A) enough B) though C) as well as D) not only E) also
96. As he was not satisfied with the contents of the document, he declined to sign it, and none of the members attempted to persuade him to, ____ . A) also B) too C) as well D) either E) yet
97. ____ that he genuinely regretted the role he had played in it.
A) I may be quite wrong B) It wouldn’t surprise me at all
C) The manner in which he begged us to overlook the incident showed
D) Surely it’s worth investigating the matter further
E) It had been quite obvious
98. Of all the policies put into effect by the Thatcher governments ____controversial was the economic one.
A) most B) the more C) the most D) more E) mostly
99. If the others hadn’t voted in favour of the younger candidate, I probably wouldn’t have done so ____ . A) even B) too C) also D) as well E) either
100. Today the expansion of knowledge in astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology is ____ vast and complex, and multiplying ____ quickly to be mastered fully.
A) so / that B) just as / as C) as well / as D) so / so E) too / too
Merkezi/Maltepe/Ankara
101. Scientists rely on computers to model phenomena ____ would ____ be difficult to observe. A) whereby / in case B) such as / nonetheless C) which / nevertheless D) that / otherwise E) so that / in fact
102. The lawyer decided to call ____ of the witnesses only and paid no attention to ____ . A) both / others
B) the two / any other C) two / the others D) some / another E) any / some others
103. Several experts were working on the project, and each came up with some interesting proposals, and naturally ____ claimed that ____ was the best.
A) many / each B) some / its C) we / it D) all / he E) each / his
104. We are prevented ____ completing the project ____ time due to unforeseen circumstances. A) from / on B) in / by C) by / in D) at / over E) for / about
105. The Hollywood studio system in film making, which began ____ 1920 and flourished from the early 1930s ____ the 1950s is unique in Western culture.
A) throughout / into B) around / through C) by / until D) within / over E) along / till
106. ____ the embargo imposed on us is lifted in the near future, we can’t hope for any economic recovery. A) Whereas B) While C) Because D) In case E) Unless
107. ____ proving useful in many scientific fields, computers-generated knowledge, ____ Professor Hayes acknowledges, is not without pitfalls.
A) Although / because B) Since / while C) While / as
D) As long as / even if E) Once / whether or not
108. ____ suggestion he may make as regards the tax rate, let’s not give any response ____ we have discussed the matter thoroughly together. A) However / when B) Whatever / until C) Whyever / after D) Whatsoever / while E) Whenever / before
109. Most newspapers are of the opinion that if a majority of Scots really ____ independence, the British Parliament has no option but ____ to their wishes.
A) did want / had acceded B) wanted / have acceded
C) had wanted / would have acceded D) do want / to accede
E) would have wanted / acceded
110. For a hundred years or so some critics ____ that poetry is dying and all that time poets ____ poems that later generations recognise as great.
A) have maintained / have been writing B) maintained / wrote
C) had maintained / were writing D) maintain / are writing
E) would maintain / had been writing
111. What I ____ is that we ___ to think seriously about a thorough reform in the legal system.
A) have proposed / should have begun B) had proposed / were beginning C) am proposing / begin
D) was proposing / have begun E) proposed / had begun
112. When the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli ____ a map of Mars in 1877, he ____ a large number of straight linear features, which he called “canali” that is “channels”.
A) publishes / has noted B) had published / was noting C) has published / notes D) published / noted
E) would have published / had noted
113. If we ____ the terms of the contract, all the paint-work in the building ____ finished by the 15th of next month.
Merkezi/Maltepe/Ankara
B) were meeting / will be C) met / would have had to be D) had met / is being
E) will meet / was being
114. As the decade ____ to wind down, Mark Morris ____ as our century’s youngest great choreographer.
A) has begun / had stood B) will begin / is standing C) was beginning / has stood D) begins / stands
E) is beginning / has been standing
115. Of the many attempts that ____ to regulate language one way or another, very few ____ .
A) were made / had succeeded B) have been made / have succeeded C) are made / succeeded
D) could have been made / will succeed E) are being made / may have succeeded 116. An acorn, left to itself becomes an oak, and a geneticist ____ its DNA to make it grow into an elm may justly be said ____ with its natural course.
A) altering / to have interfered B) having altered / to interfere C) to alter / having interfered D) being altered / interfered E) to have altered / to be interfering
117. n the past few months, our company director ____ more mettle than most industrialists ____ in an entire career. A) had shown / have done
B) showed / would do C) shows / did
D) was showing / may have done E) has shown / do
118. If they ____ what sort of a person he was, they ____ him their support.
A) would know / didn’t give B) knew / won’t give
C) had known / wouldn’t have given D) would have known / hadn’t given E) have known / haven’t given
119. I don’t imagine he wrote the speech ____ but ____ did so, certainly made a good job of it.
A) for them / whomsoever B) of his / somebody C) by him / they D) himself / whoever
E) themselves / whichever
120. As ____ of our employees can afford cars of ____ own, they all have to rely on public transport. A) few / them B) some / his C) none / their D) most / our E) many / its
121. There are situations ____ the best way to heal the patient is to help him die peacefully. A) from where B) in that C) whence D) for whom E) in which
122. He’s certainly going to recommend that the changes in the structure of the company be introduced step by step, and ____ .
A) so I am B) so am I C) so do I D) I do, too E) I also do
123. Do you really believe that the party programme ____ it now stands, is democratic ____ to influence the vote in our favour. A) as / enough B) since / also C) where / as well D) such as / too E) that / even
124. Private investments play ____ important a part in the country’s long-running economic expansion ____ no government dares to increase taxation on personal savings.
A) too / that B) such / as C) much / so D) so / that E) as / as
125. His proposals ____ the new social security policy seems more viable than any of the others. A) by way of B) due to C) owing to D) in case of E) as regards
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126. ____ the recent rise in unemployment largely affects eastern Germany, there is considerable unrest in western Germany, too. A) Since B) In case C) Although D) Unless E) Untill
127.____ he was campaigning for re-election last. year, he promised that ____ re-elected, he would undertake to restructure the party. A) Wherever / lest B) Because / while C) As / since D) While / unless E) When / if
128. ____ the terms of the forthcoming trade agreement, Japan wins parity ____ the United States. A) Through / above B) By / of C) From / from D) Under / with E) After / over
129. We have yet to take ____ consideration the problem of how large future national armies should eventually be, regardless ____ their current size.
A) onto / at B) in / in C) for / with D) under / from E) into / of
130. Germany’s weight in the European Union is known, ____ what is not known, even to the Germans themselves, is ____ they are to use it. A) but / how B) in case / because C) unless / why D) lest / until E) otherwise / where
131. Edward Gibbon’s great book The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire informs us ____ mankind’s predilection for faction, augmented by environmental and cultural differences, is ____ determines history. A) why / that B) as / whereby C) that / what D) how / whoever E) so that / whatever
132. It won’t be easy to find a replacement for him, for ____ takes over is likely to meet the same fate.
A) what B) which C) wherever D) whoever E) whichever
133. The majority of ____ are apprehensive about new computer programmes, until we’ve actually tried them out for ____ .
A) him / himself B) us / ourselves C) them / themselves D) ours / us E) theirs / ours
134. Marxism ____ an important movement in Britain even though it ____ its origin here. A) would never have been / takes
B) had never been / would take C) never was / has taken
D) would never be / would have taken E) has never been / took
135. The history of the Venetian Republic ____ to an end in 1797 when Venice ____ over to Austria by Napoleon.
A) was coming / would have been handed B) had come / has been handed
C) comes / had been handed D) came / was handed
E) would come / was being handed
136. More than half of the 850 asylum seekers currently detained in Britain ____ in prison with no right of appeal, even though the vast majority ____ with any offence, let alone convicted.
A) were held / are not charged
B) are being held / have not been charged C) have been held / would not be charged D) being held / had not been charged E) will be held / were not being charged
137. Over the past two decades, the Corsicans ____ their idyllic island, which was wrested by France from the Genoese in 1768, ____ into terrorism, corruption and economic decline.
A) have seen / sink B) had seen / sank C) saw / to sink
D) would have seen / had sunk E) would see / had been sinking
138. For observers of international politics, March 1998 ____ as a month when the
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world’s superpower relations ____ a hopeful new turn.
A) will be remembered / may have taken B) had been remembered / would have taken C) may be remembered / took
D) has been remembered / would take E) would be remembered / will have taken
139. Apparently, the talks held between the two governments concerning the prevention of drug-trafficking have not been constructive ____ to produce any positive results.
A) just B) as well C) also D) enough E) so that
140. As far as I remember, it was in China that they first met and got interested in the dam project, ____? A) don’t I B) wasn’t it C) do I D) was it E) did they
141. The East European countries are strongly convinced that European Economic aid, ____ welcome, is not a substitute for market access and eventual membership of the European Union. A) just as B) lest C) since D) when E) though
142. One gathers from the press that a large majority of the people are not in favour of the impeachment proceedings, and, frankly, I’m not, ____ . A) either B) too C) also D) as well E) even so
143. The fundamental problem for North Africa is that the region has ____ people ____ the arid environment can support.
A) not only / but also B) so many / that C) such / as D) more / than E) as much / as
144. Fish farming in the world seems to be destined to expand, but it is ____ early to predict the likely extent of growth in this field. A) as well B) enough C) too D) as E) so far
145. We are confident that the management and the workforce will get on well together as long as ____ respects ____ .
A) the other / another B) both / itself C) the one / another D) everyone / themselves E) each / the other
146. The term "aborigines" signifies the original inhabitants of any country, ____ the native tribes of Australia.
A) with regard to B) due to C) in spite of D) in particular E) according to
147. Although the American writer Katherine Anne Porter used a variety of places ____ the setting of her short stories and novels, she frequently came ____ to the scenes of her early days. A) through / over B) within / in C) for / back D) without / for E) under / up
148. British TV is still stuck ____ a regulatory structure designed ____ a bygone age. A) off / within B) up / in C) away / by D) through / over E) with / for
149. In their discussions concerning the proposed defence strategies, NATO diplomats found they could not agree ____ what the alliance was ____ , what weapons it would threaten to use and in what circumstances. A) on / for
B) about / into C) with / over D) by / about E) before / through
150. Today the United States, still by far ____ prosperous country in the world, is increasing
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its working hours ____ creating a more positive balance between work and leisure time.
A) the more / as well as B) most / in spite of C) more / than
D) the most / instead of E) the / just as
151. In developing new collective defence policies, America and her European allies will ____ be drawn closer together ____ drift irreversibly apart.
A) either / or B) not only / but also C) so / that
D) both / and E) just as / so
152. The telephone is at the centre of innovative technologies ____ may alter forever ____ we receive and use information. A) which / but
B) so that / since C) that / how D) as / although E) whereas / in case
153. The editor thought that the new series of articles would prove very popular, but actually hardly ____ seems to have been impressed by it. A) nobody B) anyone C) the other D) any other E) somebody
154. Originally the sonnet was an Italian poetical form which attained great popularity in the Renaissance, and ____ it was natural, ____ not essential for Shakespeare and his contemporaries to use it.
A) hence / if B) while / though C) since / however
D) furthermore / rather than E) already / even
155. The report presents a general overview of the problems that ____ when a disaster ____ nation.
A) would have been encountered / will hit B) are encountered / will hit
C) have been encountered / had hit D) had been encountered / was being hit E) will be encountered / hits
156. The book of "a thousand and one nights" is a collection of fascinating tales of the Orient, of Mixed Indian, Persian, Arabic, and Egyptian origination, and first ____ in Europe by Antoine Galland's French translation in the early eighteenth century.
A) having known B) to know C) to be known D) made known E) to be made known
157. There have been some art critics who ____ in depreciation of Van Gogh that he ____ a draughtsman all his life.
A) had maintained / has remained B) have maintained / remained C) were maintaining / had remained D) maintained / would have remained E) will maintain / remains
158. The Romanian Privatisation Authority announced last week that Renault of France ____ to be the sole bidder for a majority stake in the national car company, Dacia, which ____ cheap cars for the domestic market.
A) would turn out / had made B) has turned out / made
C) would have turned out / is making D) is turning out / has made
E) might turn out / makes
159. At the Brussels meeting over the last weekend Madeleine Albright, The American secretary of State, ____ her allies that future NATO missions ____ them further afield, but not all over the world.
A) assures / is taking
B) has assured / will have taken C) assured / would take D) had assured / took E) was assuring / will take
160.He ____ that the forests ____ to their natural inhabitants, that is, to all varieties of living things.
A) suggests / be returned B) suggested / to be returned
C) has suggested / to have been returned D) had suggested / are being returned E) would have suggested / return
161. With the help of satellite images, the Indonesian government ____ that it is the timber companies which ____ the mass destruction of their rain forests. A) will show / would have caused
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B) would have shown / had caused C) had shown / were causing D) shows / had been causing E) has shown / are causing
162. By the late 1980s, a surge of prosperity ____ across Southeast Asia, but in some countries of the region the economic
structure ____ sufficiently to the benefit from this trend.
A) would sweep / could not have developed B) would have swept / has not developed C) was sweeping / had not developed D) has swept / was not developed E) could have swept / was not developing
163. The ridicule that ____ upon him by leading scientists of the day ____ to the novelty of his thinking.
A) is being heaped / would testify B) has been heaped / testified C) had heaped / has testified D) was heaping / had testified E) was heaped / testifies
164. When I ____ as a fully licensed geneticist in 1961, I thought I knew everything there was ____ about genetics. A) had been graduated / to be known B) graduated / to know
C) was graduated / to have known D) have been graduated / known E) have graduated / to have been known
165. Perhaps these people are ____ ignorant to realise ____ serious a threat these fertilisers are to their health.
A) more / than B) so / why C) as much / as D) too / just how E) not only / but also
166. I would have thought that only ____ naive worker could be deceived by ____ assurances.
A) the more / neither B) a most / each C) the most / such D) a much / any E) most / same
167. The motive was ____ aesthetic and social ____ they sought to bring good design within the reach of the ordinary man. A) so / in that B) both / because C) just as / that D) as much / as E) too / therefore
168. He said I was submitting my application form rather late. But now I find ____ have still not submitted ____ .
A) most / their B) none / any C) many / it D) others / theirs E) a few / these
169. In order to understand the implications of research ____ brain development one has to make a systematic study ____ what children know. A) on / into B) for / by C) through / beyond D) over / at E) after / before
170. The arrival of Europeans in America dislocated traditional ways of life and altered the world ____ recognition.
A) for B) beyond C) at D) off E) from
171. I sent an e-mail to everyone in the department, asking for articles for this special issue, but ____ there has been no response. A) so long B) on time C) until then D) even later E) so far
172. The crisis is particularly serious ____ a whole series of related issues ranging from unemployment to health benefits are involved. A) so as B) as well as C) in order that D) as for E) since
173. He felt that soil drainage should be kept to a minimum ____ much of the rainfall could be retained ____ soil moisture.
A) so that / as
B) even though / such as C) whereas / like D) whereby / such E) whether / or
174. If we are to prevent the flow of toxic materials into the water reservoirs of the
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country, there is no other possible scheme available, ____ ? A) isn't it B) aren't we C) is there D) isn't there E) are we
175. It looks ____ the hiring committee isn't impressed by his qualifications, and I don't think the manager of the company is, ____ . A) like / also B) as if / either C) so that / as well D) though / too E) just as / neither
176. It ____ a mistake to think that all bacteria are harmful, for, without some species, we ____ for long.
A) is / had not survived B) would be / could not survive C) will be / have not survived
D) has been / would not have survived E) had been / did not survive
177. Over the last few years, consumer interest in organic agriculture ____ up dramatically, and demand ____ currently ahead of supply.
A) has shot / is B) shot / was
C) had shot / had been D) is shooting / has been E) was shooting / would be
178. Orwell ____ at that moment that when the white man ____ tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys.
A) perceived / would turn B) has perceived / turned C) had perceived / has turned D) would perceive / will turn E) perceived / turns
179. Thesiger's passionate belief that traditional societies around the world ____ against the modern onslaught ____ fierce criticism.
A) were protected / will attract B) have been protected / had attracted C) are being protected / was attracting D) ought to be protected / has attracted E) would have been protected / would attract
180. All the reports ____ handed in last week, but some of them still ____ me.
A) should have been / haven't reached B) were / didn't reach
C) have been / won't reach D) had been / didn't reach E) would have been / don't reach
181. David Dickson's new play is a fairy-tale romance, ____ a pregnant woman searches for the father of her child during a torrential rainstorm. A) who B) by whom C) that D) in which E) whose
182. The true ecologist need not be a specialist at all, ____ his views should reflect the practical wisdom of ordinary people. A) for B) where C) whether D) in case E) that
183. ____ half of the budget of the US National Institute on Ageing is spent on research into AIzheimer's disease.
A) As much as B) More of C) Rather than D) Other E) The most
184. Great natural disasters cause ____ widespread death ____ massive social disruption and outbreaks of epidemic disease. A) much / as
B) so much / that C) not only / but also D) as / as
E) no sooner / than
185. Though they had ____ government backing ____ a potential home market, the company poured billions of dollars into the project and lost everything.
A) with / less B) neither / nor C) some / any D) no / without E) few / more
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186. More importantly, Dobson's book is a reminder of ____ powerful and radical green thinking can be.
A) ever so B) how far C) wherever D) much more E) just how
187. You didn't have to invite all those people out for lunch, so why ____?
A) didn't you B) did you C) have you D) haven't you E) don't you
188. This poem is generally supposed ____ in the fifteenth century, but some people date it even earlier.
A) being composed B) to be composed C) having been composed D) to have composed E) to have been composed
189. The failure so far to produce evidence of life on any planet but ____ has given continued strength to the belief in the uniqueness of Earth. A) us B) their C) ours D) our E) them
190. The problem with antiseptics is that ____ killing germs they ____ kill the surrounding tissues. A) far / from B) so far as / too C) as much as / both D) besides / as well E) as well as / also
191. Bethoven's seventeen string quartets hold ____ the same position in chamber music ____ his symphonies hold in the orchestral repertoire. A) as / that B) much / as C) quite / whether D) just / what E) thus / than
192. Post offices don't have enough space to cope ____ the tremendous increase ____ demand for PO boxes.
A) with / in B) on / of C) up / for D) for / upon E) through / from
193. Even prior to the 1930's, Swedish banks played an important role ____ the financing ____ long-term industrial projects.
A) at / for B) for / in C) in / of D) by / with E) into / over 194. In Belgium, compensation ____ accidents at work and occupational illness is exclusively the concern ____ employers. A) over / from
B) in / by C) from / for D) for / of E) at / over
195. More than ____ invention of the last eighty years or so, television has been the most harmful to family life.
A) some other B) another C) the other D) any more E) any other
196. Our sales are down again this month, ____.
A) and they also are B) and so are theirs C) and neither are theirs D) but theirs aren't either E) but they are too
197. Several important ports, ____ export timber, are situated on the shores of the White Sea.
A) most of which B) that many of them C) those which D) whichever of them E) of which they
198. Once the occupying forces ____, many seemingly innocent people were accused of ____ with the enemy.
A) are leaving / to have been collaborated B) were leaving / to have collaborated C) have left / being collaborating D) will leave / collaborating E) had left / having collaborated
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199. Although the metropolitan theatres ____ a monopoly there for a long time, recently several private theatres ____.
A) would hold / are being opened B) had hold / had been opened C) were holding / will be opened D) held / have been opened E) have held / were opened
200. In 1906 at Boğazköy several thousand cuneiform tablets ____ and most of them ____ now on exhibit in the Anatolian civilisations museum in Ankara. A) have been discovered / were B) were discovered / are
C) have been discovered / had been D) would have been discovered / are being E) had discovered / have been
201. One oil company in particular claims ____ its best to balance economic progress with environmental care and social
responsibility. A) to be done B) having done C) doing
D) having been done E) to have done
202. Had it not been for the variety and flexibility of its trades, Huddersfield, like so many of the other textile towns, ____ into a decline in the 20th century.
A) was going B) had gone C) would have gone D) would go E) had been gone
203. ____ the letters written by so many parents, the headmaster agreed not to expel the boys. A) In response to B) With reference to C) In case of D) Apart from E) Pertaining to
16. Bennett's novel the old Wives's Tale is the one ____ he is likely to be best known by posterity. A) whose B) for whom C) by which D) in which E) that
204. ____ the past few decades South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong have
achieved the fastest rates ____ economic growth the world has ever seen.
A) Within / at B) During / of C) In / over D) After / in E) Over / about
205. The works of the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates commonly known as the "Hippocratic Collection", consist ____ about 70 works, ___ which only a relatively small number are possible by him.
A) of / of B) in / for C) for / in D) at / about E) by / within
206. ____ the computerized Dutch auction system, the flower industry gets flowers into our homes when they are still ____ their best. A) under / at B) at / in C) from / with D) until / to E) within / for
207. Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline engines ____ the fact that a larger proportion of the fuel used is burned.
A) consequently B) following C) owing to D) contrary to E) so that
208. The great bulk of industrial work nowadays involves the use of machines, and it is certain that mechanization will proceed ____ in the future.
A) as well as B) on the other hand C) just as
D) ever since E) further still
209. Let's take the ferry to Bandırma from where it's only a short drive to Bursa, ____ driving all the way from İstanbul to Bursa. A) as well as
B) more than C) besides D) instead of E) except for
210. Few things ____ unnerved the Spanish conquerors of the New World ____ the prospect of death on Aztec sacrificial stone. A) as / as
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C) not only / but also D) neither / nor E) so / that
211. Some anthropologists think that man today is ____ honest _____ he was hundreds and thousands of years ago.
A) much / as B) the less / than C) the least / of D) little / as E) less / than
212. Until the eighteenth century comparative linguistic studies did not progress ____ beyond the stage where ancient Greek and Roman grammarians had left them.
A) so much as B) too much C) either D) very much E) just in case
213. Julius Caesar ____ a great historian if the making of history ____ him the time and the inclination to write it.
A) could be / could have allowed B) would be / allowed
C) had been / would have allowed D) would have been / could allow E) could have been / had allowed
214. Early in 1940, when Europe was already at war, Hitler ____ the sale of uranium from the Czech mines he ____ over.
A) has banned / has taken B) had banned / took C) banned / had taken D) bans / was taking
E) was banning / had been taking
215. Physics, as it ____ at the end of the nineteenth century ____ to as classical physics.
A) has been known / might be referred B) is known / has been
C) had been known / had been referred D) was known / is referred
E) might have been known / was referred
216. Sometimes people select certain foods that they believe ____ their physical appearance and avoid those they believe ____ detrimental.
A) have improved / would have been B) are improving / were
C) improve / might be
D) improved / had been
E) would have improved / have been
217. Much health education in recent years ____ towards the view that heavy drinker ____ is subject for amusement but for practical help.
A) has been directed / is not B) had been directed / was not C) was being directed / wouldn't be D) is directed / won't be
E) is being directed / hasn't been
218. It is not unusual for advertising campaigns ____ even before the new products ____ onto the market.
A) to have been launched / have come B) being launched / will come
C) to be launched / come
D) having been launched / are coming E) to have been launched / will have come
219. Galileo originated the method of controlled experiment ____ now forms the basis of scientific investigation.
A) what B) who C) where D) whom E) which
220. He insisted that mountaineering --- a sport for him, but a passion that --- his whole life.
A) hadn't been / would dominate B) isn't / has dominated C) hasn't been / is dominating D) wouldn't be / is dominating E) wasn't / had dominated
221. The judges of the international tribunal at The Hague ---, on 1st February 2002, that charges relating to all three wars --- together.
A) would agree / had been heard B) have agreed / have been heard C) were agreed / will be heard D) agreed / would be heard E) had agreed / were heard
222. When he moved from Ethiopia where he ---, to England, his experiences --- quite unlike those of his contemporaries at school.
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B) is born / will be
C) would be born / would be D) has been born / are E) was born / will be
223. It's not considered safe to leave your computer on when you are not in the office, so you --- do so.
A) don't have to B) mustn't C) needn't D) haven't got to E) don't need to
224. If she --- to the interview in a more positive state of mind, she --- a better impression.
A) will go / would make B) goes / has made
C) had gone / might have made D) would go / had made E) has gone / makes
225. The traditional idea that Asia was the cradle --- primeval man has had to be modified --- the light of the discovery of human fossils of great antiquity in Africa.
A) to / over B)for / from C) by / under D)from/within
E) of/in
226. Naturally I was rather disappointed --- the results of the experiment, but actually I wasn't really surprised --- them.
A) by/to B) over/for C) for/by D) with/at E) of/with
227. When the personnel manager announced that everybody had to do overtime because they were --- schedule, this caused a great deal of ill will --- the staff.
A) near/for B) off/in C) back / from D) below / between E) behind / among
228. Little is known about life on the ocean floor --- scientists have only recently developed the technology for exploring it. A) yet B) as C) though D) whereas E) while
229. Of the company's three accountants, only one is useful; --- deserve to be sent away.
A) they both B) all the others C) both the others D) each one E) each of them
230. The young sociologist --- article was published in the "National Geographic" had travelled 1700 miles across Australia's western wilderness. A) whose
B) who C) that D) which E) whom
231. The impression I got was that the director has completely given up --- hopes he may at one time have cherished. A) as many B) such C) every D) any E) so many
232. The evolution of a parliamentary democracy --- came about over a long period of time and --- then the process was a rough one.
A) simply / as B) only / even C) hardly / since D) just / up to E) really / so
233. The post is mine --- I agree to stay with the firm for at least three years. A) in case B) conditionally C) if D) whether E) accordingly
234. They are in no way responsible; we must face the fact that we have only --- to blame. A) itself B) ours C) them D) themselves E) ourselves
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235. The micro air vehicles they are working on are --- small that it will be almost impossible to detect them with radar. A) too B) as C) such D) so E) more
236. The members of the special commission on crime, some of --- were appointed by the mayor, still meet on a regular basis. A) that B) whose C) whom D) who E) which
237. --- the Civil War, those years turned out to be a golden era for the magazine industry. A) Despite B) Obviously C) Although D) Pertaining to E) Nevertheless
238. Unfortunately, --- stamping out the drugs' trade, these programmes are simply forcing drug growers to move into more inaccessible regions.
A) besides B) rather than C) in addition to D) due to E) as for
239. Indeed, the situation is such that the chairman has finally promised to implement --- the committee recommends. A) whoever B) however C) if ever D) as ever E) whatever 240. Unfortunately, --- current productivity growth looks impressive, the rise in profits over the coming years is likely to prove disappointing.
A) since B) just as C) even though D) if
E) which
241. The biggest accounting issue raised ---- the energy company is --- accounting standards. A) by / over B) to / to C) for / under D) through / within E) from / into
242. Crying, which starts --- birth, is an alarm system that attracts the parent and it can be switched off --- parental attention. A) with / after B) at / by C) for / with D) from / for E) by / through
243. Since 1998, the US federal government has more than doubled its spending ---- defence --- biological and chemical weapons.
A) for / with B) of / to C) on / against D) in / from E) with / over
244. Items --- display in this museum were obtained --- mosques, Turkish baths, fountains and caravansarays dating back to the Ottoman period. A) on / from B) in / by C) for / out of D) within / of E) with / at
245. Following four Mars mission losses, an independent report paints a very clear picture of --- what ails the US space programme, --- what must be done to fix it
A) whether / though B) either / or C) how/and\ D) thus/that
E) not only / but also
246. Basically a country has two objectives in imposing tariffs; one is to raise revenue for government, --- is to protect home industries by raising the price of competing goods from abroad.
A) other B) both
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C) another D) the other E) each
247. This part of Africa is growing greener again --- that families who fled to wetter coastal regions are starting to go home. A) so far B) to such an extent C) even so D) as a result E) even more
248. While the parades for the opening of parliament ---, the president --- a sobering message for his countrymen. A) had rehearsed / prepared
B) have been rehearsed / has prepared C) were being rehearsed / was preparing D) are rehearsing / is preparing
E) had been rehearsed / would prepare 249. Though we still --- a long way to go, a lot --- in developing new medical procedures to deal with diseased tissue.
A) had had / had been accomplished B) had / has been accomplished C) have had / was accomplished D) are having / was being accomplished E) have / is being accomplished
250. Soon, customs officers --- to use X-ray technology --- cavities in vehicles for drugs.
A) have been able / having scanned B) are able / scanning
C) were able / to be scanned
D) will be able /to scan
E) would have been able / to have scanned
251. As acquisition opportunities within the EU --- less, western European energy companies --- to turn eastwards in the hunt for expansion opportunities.
A) grow / are being forced
B) will grow / would have been forced C) are growing / would be forced D) have grown / had been forced E) grew / have been forced
252. If Britain --- the euro, say in 2004, the stability pact --- highly important.
A) will be joining / is becoming B) has joined / will have become C) will have joined / will become D) would join / has become E) were to join / would become
253.Whatever else --- the British empire for so long, it was not Britain's education system. A) was sustained B) has sustained C) sustains D) sustained E) to have sustained
