YUMURTA KAPI ÜDS/KPDS KONU ÖZETİ
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE İSTEYEN ARAÇLAR:
Now
At the moment
Still I am still working inİzmir. Presently
Currently Right now
For the time being Look/ Listen Nowadays These days Tomorrow
More and more / bigger and bigger
PAST TENSE İSTEYEN ARAÇLAR
Yesterday Last night Ago in 1955 When I was Until World War II Before World War II During World War II That night / On that day Previously / Formerly During the last weekend Einstein
PRESENT PERFECT İSTEYEN ARAÇLAR Already Just Yet Ever For Since
Since…V2. , …Have/Has V3-been V+ing Recently-Lately
Until now, So far, Up to now, Hitherto In the last 2 weeks
Over the last 2 weeks For the last 2 months During the last 2 years Twice, three times, four times
Sharapova is the best player I have ever V3 This is the first time I have ever V3
STILL Sadece olumsuzda have/has v3
TENSE UYUMU İSTEYEN ZAMAN BAĞLAÇLARI
When = As = Just as = While After Before Until By the time As soon as The moment Once As long as So long as TENSE UYUMU: FUTURE:
When, After,Before,Until,By the Time, As soon as…..GENİŞZAMAN/ HAVE, HAS V3,
…...WILL V1.
PAST:
When, After,Before,Until,By the Time, As soon as…..V2,……...V2.
Bu bağlaçlarda oluşumu daha eski olan tarafta HAD V3 veya V2 olur.
HAD V3 – YANINA V2İSTER.
BY THE TIME FUTURE:
By the time…Present Tense/Have Has V3…, …Will have V3
By 2009……..Will have V3
PAST:
By the Time…V2….. ,
…V2 / Had V3 / was, were….ing HARDLY HAD HE V3…… WHEN … V2 NO SOONER HAD HE V3….. THAN…. V2
YASAKLAR:
Bağlacın iki tarafıHAD V3 – HAD V3 OLMAZ! When, After,Before,Until,By the Time,
As soon as PEŞİNDEN WILL GELMEZ! HAD V3 – HAVE,HAS V3 OLMAZ!
HAD V3 – PRESENT TENSE’LER OLMAZ!
COMPERATIVE GÜÇLENDİRİCİLERİ
Even, much, a lot, far, a little, a bit, slightly
SUPERLATIVE GÜÇLENDİRİCİLERİ
By far, of all, in, among, I have ever V3
THE MORE………. , THE MORE PARTICIPLES
Being v3 = Gerund Passive To be v3 = Infinitive Passive HAVING V3 = Active
HAVING BEEN V3= Passive V+ing = Active V3 = Passive MODAL’LAR PRESENT MODALLAR: Can May Might Must Would Could Needn’t Have to – Has to
Don’t have to / Doesn’t have to Should / Ought to / Had better Will Be going to PAST MODAL’LAR Used to Had to Would Could Was/were able to Needn’t have V3 Didn’t need to V1 Should have V3 Could have V3 PASSIVE VOICE Temel Kurallar
Cümlemizin öznesi “NESNE” ise fiil yüksek olasılık PASSIVE olur.
Fiil sonrasıbir Preposition varsa, Fiil PASSSIVE olur.
“TO” öncesi fiil PASSIVE olur. “IT” öznesi akarıPASSIVE güzel olur.
“BY” öncesi fiil PASSIVE güzel olur.
IF / CONDITIONALS TYPE 1
If……Geniş…… , …....Will V1…….
Have,has V3 can,must,have to, should ought to,had better, could,would,may, might Can,should will be V+ing,
am,is,are going to V1 Am,is,are….ing
YASAKLAR:
IF İÇİNDE WILL KULLANMA!
IF DIŞINDA HAVE, HAS V3 KULLANMA! TYPE 2
If .Past Tense. , ..WOULD,COULD,MIGHT V1 Were would be V+ ing Could was,were going to V1 Was, were…V+ing YASAKLAR: IF DIŞINDA V2 KULLANMA. TYPE 3 If……….Had V3……… , ..WOULD,COULD,MIGHT HAVE V3… Could have V3 YASAKLAR:
IF DIŞINDA MUST HAVE V3 KULLANMA! SHOULD HAVE V3 KULLANMA MIXED TYPE
IF =
PROVIDED = PROVIDING IN THE EVENT THAT = ON CONDITION THAT UNLESS (IF…NOT) OTHERWISE
Aksi takdirde (Akarı“Would,Could” ister)
WITHOUT BUT FOR
Olmasaydı( Akarı“Would,Could” ister)
DEVRİK IF’LER TYPE 1 Should he V1….. , ….Will V1 TYPE 2 Were he to V1…. , ….Would,Could,Might V1 Type 3
Had he V3… , …Would,Could,Might Have V3
ÖNEMLİHATIRLATMA COULD ve MIGHT Hem Type 1 hem de Type 2 de kullanılır.
I WISH, IF ONLY, I WOULD RATHER
AKARI HEP PAST OLACAK.
Çevrim: Genişzaman = V2 V2 = Had V3 Will = Would Can= Could Have,Has V3 = Had V3 NOUN CLAUSE It is known that Believed Claimed Emphasized Stated Known Supposed Thought It is vital that Important Significant Essential Crucial FİİL + THAT I believe that….. Think Suppose Guess Estimate Predict Foretell Advise Recomend Admit Deny Hope Expect Know Explain Say Tell me Show Reveal Indicate Point out Express State Emphasize Understand Claim Prove Suggest Warn Find out
It’s a fact that
Belief Idea Opinion Contention
I don’t know IF/WHETHER…
I don’t know WHERE,WHEN,WHAT…..SVO
NOUN CLAUSE’LARDA TENSE UYUMU BAŞLANGIÇ PAST İSE
AKARI PAST OLACAK
BAŞLANGIÇ PRESENT İSE AKARI FREE. BAŞLANGIÇ PASSIVE OLAMAZ (IT HARİÇ)
IT ÖZNESİFİİLİPASSIVE ALIR.
BAĞLAÇLAR TERSLİK Cümle – Cümle Although Though Even though
Despite the fact that In spite of the fact that
Noun/Verb+ing Despite In spite of Notwithstanding NEDEN SONUÇ Cümle – Cümle Because As Since Now that
On the grounds that Insomuch as Inasmuch as ,for Noun/Verb+ing Because of Due to Owing to On account of On the grounds of Thanks to (Sayesinde)
SO THAT = IN ORDER THAT … (Can,could)
Mek için, mak için (Amaç)
IN CASE
Amanın mamanın (Tedbir)
LEST = FEARING THAT =FOR FEAR THAT Korkusuyla
SO……(adj/adv)……THAT…. Öyle şöyle ki…
SUCH ...(adj+noun)….THAT…. TOO…(adj/adv)……. TO V1 Adj/adv ENOUGH TO V1 ENOUGH (Noun) TO V1 TRANSITIVES
BUNUN SONUCU OLARAK
Therefore So Thus Hence Consequently Subsequently As a result As a consequence That’s why
BUNA RAĞMEN, FAKAT
However Nevertheless Nonetheless Yet Still But
BUNA İLAVE OLARAK
Yanına tek cümle alır. Additionally In addition Besides Moreover Furthermore Further And also
BUNA İLAVE OLARAK
Yanına Noun/Verb+ing alır As well as
Besides In addition to Apart from
YERİNE
Yanına tek cümle alır. Instead
Rather
YERİNE
Yanına Noun/Verb+ing alır Instead of
Rather than
RELATIVE CLUASES
Who/ Thatİnsanlar
Which/ That Cansızlar ve hayvanlar Where Yer , ki orada
When Zaman
Whose Aitlik / Ki onunİnsan/Cansız/Hayvan Whom Ki onu
YANINA ASLA FİİL ALMAZLAR:
WHERE WHEN WHY WHOSE WHOM ANCAK:
SOME OF, ALL OF, ONE OF PEŞİNDEN WHICH,WHOM VEYA WHOSE SONRASI FİİL VEYA YENİÖZNE GELEBİLİR.
YER İÇİN:
WHERE = IN WHICH
KISALTMALAR
İSİM ARKASI VERB+ING Yapan İSİM ARKASI VERB 3 Yapılan
QUANTIFIERS
COUNT NOUN’LARLA KULLANILANLAR
Many A great many A few Few Several A number of A great/small/large number of
TEKİL COUNT TAKİP EDER
Neither Either Each Every Another
ÇOĞUL COUNT TAKİP EDER
None of One of Either of Neither of Each of
UNCOUNT NOUN’LARLA KULLANILANLAR
Much A little Little An amount of A great/small/large amount of A great/small/large quantity of
HEM COUNT HEM DE UNCOUNT NOUN’LARLA KULLANILANLAR Some Any Plenty of A lot of Lots of All Most Most of No
ANOTHER / OTHER / THE OTHER Another
Bir tane daha (Tekil veya Uncount ister)
Other(s)
Dünyadaki tüm diğerleri Çoğul isim ister
My,his,her other
Benim, senin,onun diğer Akarıhem tekil hem çoğul olur
The other(s)
Diğeri/ Diğerleri
Bilinen bir gurup içinde diğeri/diğerleri Öteki/ötekileri
Akarıtekil/çoğul olabilir
EACH OTHER
Birbirlerini, birbirimizi ( 2 kişiveya 2 grup)
ONE ANOTHER
Birbirlerini (3 veya daha fazla kişi)
MORE THAN ANY OTHER
Tüm diğerlerinden daha fazla
ÖNEMLİHATIRLATMA:
MAYINLAR
SINAV BOYUNCA UZAK
DURULACAK MAYINLAR:
WOULD HAVE V3
WOULD V1
COULD V1
WILL HAVE V3
WILL HAVE BEEN V+ING
YANYANA ŞIK DURANLAR:
THAT NOUN CLAUSE CÜMLERDE V2…....THAT… WOULD V1 şık durur Genişzaman…. THAT… WILL V1 şık durur Have/has V3 ….THAT…. WILL V1 şık durur
ARA NAĞMELER
IN ORDER TO V1 SO AS TO V1 TO V1
Mek için, mak için
IN VIEW OF
Göz önünde bulundurulduğunda
IN ACCORDANCE WITH
Bağlantılıolarak
LIKEWISE / SIMILARLY / ACCORDINGLY
Aynışekilde REGARDING AS REGARDS WITH RESPECT TO CONCERNING RELATED TO ASSOCIATED WITH İle ilgili olarak IN FACT INDEED AS A MATTER OF FACT
Hatta ( Akışdestek verir)
ACTUALLY
Aslında (Akışterse gider)
BY WAY OF THROUGH
Yoluyla
LIKE (NOUN ister)
Benzer biçimde
UNLIKE (NOUN İSTER)
Tersine
ALIKE / SIMILAR
Benzer
SIMILAR TO ( NOUN ister)
Benzer
BOTH….. AND…..
Hem o, hem o
NOT ONLY….. BUT ALSO…
NEITHER….. NOR….
Ne o , e de o
EITHER…… OR
Ya o, ya da o
ALONG WITH (NOUN ister) TOGETHER WITH (NOUN ister)
Yanında
ON/UPON VERB+ING
Yaptıktan sonra
BY VERB+ING Yaparak, ederek IN VERB+ING Yapmakta AS NEDİR ? WHEN BECUASE
AS A DOCTOR, AS A NURSE (olarak) AS (Gibi) …Cümle ister
JUST AS
1- Tam yaparken
2- Nasıl böyle…., bu da böyle
AS IF = AS THOUGH
Mişgibi
Soluna fiil ister:
SPEAK, SOUND, SMELL, ACT, FEEL, TASTE, LOOK, SEEM, APPEAR AS IF/ AS THOUGH
AS IF VE AS THOUGH
TENSE UYUMU
İ
STER.
SOLU PRESENT – SA
ĞPRESENT
SOLU PAST – SAĞPAST OLACAK.
OLMAZSA OLMAZ PHRASALS MAKE UP
Oluşturmak, makyaj yapmak, uydurmak
MAKE OUT
Anlamak
MAKE UP WITH
Tazmin etmek
TAKE UP
Kabul etmek, zaman almak, yer kaplamak, hobiye başlamak
TAKE IN
Anlamak, kandırmak
PUT OFF Ertelemek PUT OUT Ateşisöndürmek PUT UP Dikmek (heykel vb) PUT THROUGH Telefounu bağlamak PUT UP WITH Tahammül etmek PUT DOWN Not almak FIND OUT Öğrenmek SORT OUT Tasnif etmek LOOK UP Sözlüğe bakmak LOOK FOR Aramak LOOK UP TO LOOK AFTER Göz kulak olmak
BRING ABOUT/ RESULT IN / LEAD TO
Sebep olmak
SET UP
Kurmak
SET OUT/OFF
Yola koyulmak
GIVE OUT/GIVE OFF
Yaymak SEND OUT/OFF Yaymak DIE OUT Nesli tükenmek WIPE OUT Silip süpürmek CATCH UP WITH Yetişmek
KEEP UP(PACE) WITH
Seviyeyi korumak
LET DOWN
Yüzüstü bırakmak
CUT DOWN (ON)
Azaltmak
KEEP ON / GO ON
Devam etmek
GET OVER / PULL THROUGH
İyileşmek
GO OVER / LOOK THROUGH / GO THROUGH / RUN THROUGH
Gözden geçirmek
RUN UP / GO UP / COME UP
Yükselmek
RUN OUT (OF) Tüketmek FILL IN Boşluklarıdoldurmak FILL OUT Formu doldurmak PLAY DOWN Önemsiz görmek WORK OUT Çözmek, oluşturmak END UP (IN) Birşeyle sonuçlanmak
BRING ON / BRING BACK
Hatırlatmak BRING OUT Yayınlamak PASS AWAY Ölmek PASS OUT Bayılmak MAKE FOR
Bir yöne yönlenmek, müsaade etmek
CUT OFF
Kopmak, ayrıdüşmek
CUT OUT
Kesip çıkarmak
BREAK DOWN
Bozulmak
BREAK UP WITH
Ayrılmak (arkadaş)
BREAK INTO
Zorla içeri girmek (hırsız)
SEE OFF Uğurlamak CALL OFF İptal etmek GET THROUGH Tamamlamak, bitirmek GET ON / OFF
Büyük araçlara binmek, inmek
GET IN/OUT
Arabaya binmek, inmek
GET BY / LIVE ON Geçinmek TAKE BACK Geri götürmek GIVE UP Bırakmak GIVE IN Teslim olmak GIVE AWAY
Hayır amaçlıdağıtmak (eşya, kıyafet)
PUT ON
Üstüne giymek, kilo almak
TAKE OFF
Havalanmak, kıyafet çıkarmak
TAKE ON
Sorumluluk almak, eleman almak
BACK UP
Desteklemek
TELL OFF
Azarlamak
FALL APART
Parçalara ayrılmak
FALL BEHIND
Geride kalmak
FALL SHORT
İşe yaramamak
PICK UP
Telefonu açmak, arabayla almak, yerden almak, öğrenmek
MAKE DO WITH
