Başlık: The prevalence of ascariasis in stray dogs in AnkaraYazar(lar):DOĞANAY, Ahmet;ÖGE, SemihCilt: 40 Sayı: 4 DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000001541 Yayın Tarihi: 1993 PDF

A.

tl.

Vet. Fak. Derg. 40 (4): 352-562 lQ93

THE PREVALENCE OF ASCARIASIS IN STRAY DOGS

IN ANKARA

Ahınet Doğanay

1

Semih Öge

2

Anka.ra sokak köpeklerinde

ascariasis'in

yayı1ışı

Özet:

Ankara sokak köpeklerinde görülen askarit türlerinin )'Qyılışını saptamak amacıyla

182

köpeğin dışkı ve otopsi bakm yapıldı. Otopsi bakıla-rında

126

(%

69.23)

kiipekte askarit enfeksiyonu tespit edildi. Bakısı yapılan köpeklerin

95 (% 52.19)

inde Toxascaris leonina'ya,

40 (% 21.97)

ında

Toxocara canis'e,

1 (% 0.54)

inde de Toxocara cati'yc rastlandı.

Dışkı bakılarında ise ancak

95

(%

52,19)

köpekte askarit enfeksiyonu saptandı. Buyö'ntemle köpeklerin

62

(%

34.06)

sinde T. leonina,

32

(%

17.58)

sinde T. canis

ve 1

(%

0.54)

inde de T. cati yumurtası tespit edildi . .t!ynca bir köpeğin dışkı bakısuıda Ascaris lumbricoides yumurlası saptandı. Ancak otopside parazile rastlanılmadı.

Summary:

This stu& was carried out to determine thi' prevalence of ascarid species in stray dogs in Ankara. Detırminatiim of the prevalence of in-fections was based on both faecal examination and autopsy. Of Ihr!

182

stray dogs autopsied

126 (69.23

%)

wm found to be infected wiı/ı di;fferent ascarid species consisting of Toxascaris lconina

(52.19

%),

Toxocara wnis

(21.97

%)

and Toxocara cati

(O. 54

%).

Whereas,

95 (52.19 %)

of the

182

faecal samples examined by flota-tion technique were posWve for ascarid eggs. Ascaris luınhricoides eggs were observed in faecal examination of one dog, but adult parasites were not found at autopsy.

Introduction

Ascariasis is one of the comınon

helminth

diseascs of dogs in

many parts of the world (1, 2, 5, 6, 23, 32). Previous studies indicate

1 Doç. Dr., A.Ü. Vcteriner Fakültesi, Helmintoloji Bilim Dalı, Ankara.

.\SCARIASIS li\" STR..\Y T)(.l{;S

that ascarid species, especiaIly

Toxascaris

{coııiwı

and

Toxocara caııis

are also very common helminths of dogs in Turkey (7,

ıo,

i7, LS, 25, 29). In addition to their weIl kn.own veterin.ary importance some as-carid species such as

T. canis

and

T. cati

are alsa the most prevaIellt causes of visceral larva migran.s in man. Therefore the prevaIcnce of ascarid speeies of dogs has both veterinary and public health intnest

(IL,

26, 33).

Nowadays, kecping of dogs as pcts is becoming more popular in Turkey. Further, the re İs a large number of stra)' dogs. EspcciaIIy, the incidence of infeetion is highest in thesc animaIs (l, 8, 9, 2 i). The pur-pose of this study was to determine a more recent prevaknce of ascarid species in these animals in Ankara based on records of both faecal exa-minations and autopsy findings.

Materials and Methods

One hundred eigh ty- two stra y dogs of differen t ages and scxes we-re examined in this study. Dogs were supplied as dead by dog-shootcrs of the Statc Veterinary Department during tiwir campaing on dest-mction of stra y dogs in Ankara. The age (u nder i year and over 1 year) and sex of each animals wc re recorded.

Faccal sampIes were takcn from rectum of uogs and cxaminations were performed by the use of saturated salt (;\aCI) flotation tcchnique. Ascarid eggs foupd by flotatiOlı werc idcıı.tified using rnorphological cri tl~ria (I I, 14) .

At neeropsy, the gastro-intestinal tracı \Vas cxamincd for

asca-rids. Recovered worms were fi:-:cd in 5

%

formalin and were idcntifi-ed mieroscopicaIIy. Idcntification was based all. tlıe dcscriptiop of Durm (II), Georgi ct aL. (14), Sprent and Barrct (28). Especially, the presence or absence of a ventricuIus intercalatcd between the csophagus and intestine was important criterian in the identification of immature, adult

T. leo1lina

and

To

canis

(Figure IL

Results

Of the 182 stray dogs autopsied 126 (69.21 ~<») were found to be infectcd witlı a total of three ascarid spccies. The ıno~t frcquer'dy ob-servcd ascarid species was

Tox(JScaris leonina

wi th perccn tage of 52.19.

Toxocara canis

and

Toxocara cali

were found ip. 21.97

%

and

0.54-

%

.\HMET /)0(;:\:'\.\1' - SEMİH ÖGE

Fİgun~ L

J

unctİon Letwecn esophagus and İntestİnc in Toxocara canİs (A) (lnu Toxasearİs leonİna (H).

Tahle 1. Prı~\alenee ııl' asearİı! spceİf~s f"und by faccal flotation and autopsy of dogs.

I

J~ faeecs cxaminatİon' .' At. autop"y ~o. of dogs

i

l\o. of dogs Ascarİd speeİes

i

İnff~eted ().() İnfcctcd ~:)

--_._-._---:--._-~.---

---,---_ .._. ----_.-..

_--

---Toxascarıs \collina 62 .H. 06

i

95

52.19

Toxocara caııis 32 17.58 40 2

ı.

97 Toxocara catİ i O. :>4, i ] O. 54 Ascari" lumhrİeoidcs 1 0.54

ı

---_._._-_ .._-'---~---'---' TIı<.' iııfection ratc of female c10gs (72.72

%)

\Vas highcr than that of males (65.95

%).

Bu t there wcre 110 significant c1ifferenccs in prcva-lence ratcs bctwcen age groups (under i year ancl over 1 year). The clistribu tion of ascaricl specics in relation to age arı.cl sex are shown in Tabk

2

and 3, i"espeetively. Contrary tO the prC\.alencc of

T. teonina,

T. canis

ilı.fcctioJls \Vere found irı. young dogs morc frequently than n adults (Tabk 2). As shown in Table 2 polyinfections wcr ..~lcss caınınon than iııfcetiom with a sill.gle ascaricl specics.

Asearid speci,>s

Tabıı' 2. B.dation of infectioJ) rate of ascarid specics to age nf dogs

Young dog (ıınder 1 )'T.) Adult <log(o\'C1' 1 yr.)

i

No. of dog"

ı

No. of dog~

i

II II ;\io. of dngs , No. of dogs

ı

i:;)

i

examined infccted ,~xamirH.d inf"et"d

T~ıconina --- --

58--1--18--

31031-124

---1--67--

--5~03

-I

---

---

---1---1---_1_---

---I

!~~nis

5~ __

II--~~-J-=~31

J_~24

II--~~--,~~~~i

T. eati 58 1 1.7~

i

ı~4, -

1-l'~lconjna ~:-T~~ni;---I--

58--

---5-- -~

621-124---I----s--i-<ı.-

03

,,, ,,,

e--Tahle 3. Helation of infeetioıı ratı' nf ascarid spceİcs to sex of dogs

~

..

t;;

...;

g

ca.1 ;, :4 ;.. --: i ~F: tt:: ;::::

....

::ı:: c ':'l t'1 -:\falc Fı~rnalc

Asearid spccİcs No. nf dogs ~o. of dogs (ll No. of do gs'11NI). of dogs il

..0 /1)

. cxamincd İufccled i ~ . exaınİnclJ in fc.e1.cıl

---I

"

i

T. Jeonma 88 12 1.7.

12.1

91, 13

45.74-i

t~~:~t.

T.

,ani'=======

88

==== 15== 17~'-1==94===1

1

== 15==ı~95-1

ı

T. catİ 88 -

i

91, 1 1.0lı

i

---.---

---

---

---1---1---

---I

Polytnfect.1 T.leonina+.T.canis __ ~_ 7 7.95 94

I.

3 _ 3.19 Total 88 64 72.72

94,

.

(i2

65.951

ASCARIASIS E\ STIU Y DOCS 557

The number

of worms eoIleeted per dog rangeel from

i

to 90.

The mean worm bUl"den. of T. leonina, T. eanis and

T. eali \Vas 8.7,

6.3 and 5, respeetivcly

(Tabk

4).

On the other hand, 95 (52.19 %) of the 182 faeeal saınpIes

cxaıni-ned by flotation

teehniquc

were positİ\'c for ascarid eggs. The com

pa-rison of f1otatiolı anel au topsy findil'.~s arc summarized

in Tablc

i.

In addition

to the Toxoeara

(T. ca

ii

is, T. eaıi) and Tox:asearis (T.

leonina) eggs, Ascaris lumhricoides eggs \\'ere observed

il'

faccal samples

of one dog. But adult A. lıımhricoides \Vas not

fOllP,d at autopsy

iil

this animaL.

Discussion

In general,

results from this study show asearid patterns

eonsis-tent with those reported

by others (4, 7, 9, 18,22,29)

using autopsy

and faecal

cxamination

although

some differenees

were noted.

In the present study, 126 stray dogs autopsied

out of 182 (69.23

%) were found to be infected \vith asearid speeies. Also the infeetion

ratc was detected of 52.19

%

in faeeal examinations.

As shown in

Tab-le 5, this infeetion rates are higher than in the reports previously

men-tioned in Turkey

(4, 12, 16).

Of the as earid species deteeted at autopsy, T. leonina was found

most frequently

with a percentage

of 52.19. This result is similar to

those reported by Budak et aL. (4), Doğanay

(9), Mimioğ1u ct aL. (22),

Taşan (29) and Zeybek (331. Contrary

to findings of Güralp ct aL. (17),

Pamukçu

and Ertürk

(24) and Tınar et aL. (30). Whose reports

indi-eate that

T. canis infeetions

were found

most commonly

in dogs.

Generally,

the incidence of T eanis has becn a1so found

higher

than

that of T. leonina in other countrics

(2, G, 19, 20, 23, 31, 32). The

pre-valenee of T. (anis in this study is close to that reponed

in some of the

earlier

papcrs

in Turkey

(9, 21, 21, 29).

Toxocara cali was detected in one dog (0.54 %) in this study. This

asearid species has been also found in two dogs in Turkey by Pamukçu

and

Ertürk

(24.).

The prevaIenee

of T. canis infeetion in young dogs is known to

be mueh higher than in adult dogs (3, 8, 9, 13, 15). Toxocara carıis

in-fections were also found in young dogs (under 1 year) more frequenı1y

Tahlc 4. Severity of ,,"orm hurdens fouIld at autopsy of dOg6

;---,---i

Number of ,,"orms found

!

T. leolıiIla T. canis T. eati

i

Age group Sex of i_-;-;-_-=;--_...,, __ i_~~-:-_______ . Total of dogs do gs M.

i

F. im.. M. F. tm. M.

i

.F tm.

---

---- ---

---

---

---

---

---Malc II 16 6 9 13 3 2 3 6:~ U'nder ] yr. ---- --:-- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -,- -Female

,o

97 32 .1.9 67 16 - - i - 331

--- --- --- --- ---1---

---1---

-1-

---0---1 --- Mal:-- ~16_ ~28 __ 23__ 32__ 37__ ~_

-=-1-=- _=__

~ı,~

ver yr. ---- i

1 -'--I_?I_~m_a_Ie_I-3-1

~.-~.-I~~-Iı~-

-~-!ı~-I-~-

-~-ı-~-

-=:-1:::

Total 829 251 5

",.

",.

::=

g:

-,O.

No. of worms per dog min-max (Average)

M:

Male

F:

Female

Im:

1-90

lınmature

'Table 5. Prevalencc of ascarid specics f.)lınd ın dogı; ın Turkey incidence of ascarid specıcs Authors . Mcthod

ı

Total percent~g~ of ascarıasıs Oi iO T. Iccnina

%

T. cal1is 0/ ıO T. cati

i

A. lumhricoid •.s oı OL /0 /0 autopsy faecal autopsy , faecal

**

According to infected animals

20

51,.16*

•..

:r.

0.32

_-~_i-

--i.

,.1

13.21

22.7

i

ı

4.10 -- - , 14.76 .-' - _ - I' 26 ----24 .

i

16

_-

_{- -}

_-.

._-32.14."*

i

'

~~.22

.1'.---

---ı

i

23

,--:---="-

-=

;

,---- ---15. IS

i

-

-

i

~~:~6

1--=---

---=---,

~1.97

i

O.SI --- __ -i 17.58

i

0.51 0.54 i 23.5 28

38.88*

0.19

28.57

67

62

42

67.86**

25

12.97

80

51.15

38.75

23.33

52.19

H.06

9.33

4.5

28.57

Mimioğlıı et aL., (1959) Giiralp, (1957) Paınukçu and Ertiirk,

(1961 )

Mı~rdiv•.nci, (1962) Ertürk and Tanzt~r,

(1973) aulopsy

I

Giiralp ct aL., (1977) aııtopsy Ta7an, (1982) autopsy Doğanay, (1983) autopsy

I,

faccal Budak d_aL., (1986) autopsy ~ına.r etı ~l., (1989)

I.

autopsy (,erçı, (1990) faccal Saygı et aL., (1990) autopsy

-Zcyhek l't aL.,(1992) autopsy llasslinger ct aL., faecal (1993) autopsy Present aıı tlıors autopsy faccal

AH:MET J)()(;A\A Y - SEMİH ÜCE

than İn adults (over 1 year) in present study. But there \Yere no signi-ficant diffcrel'.ccs observccl if'. the overall incidence of ascariasis bet-ween age gmups. AIso, no signifieant differenees were observed in the prevalcnce rates in mak and female dogs. This results is in agree-ment with the reports of others (8, 23, 27).

It was İnterestiıı.g to notc that or.e dog showed

Ascaris lumbricoides

eggs in the facces, but not in autopsy. Alsa, the similar results had been reporred by Güralp (16) and Merdivenci (21) who accepted this ea-ses as a pseudoparasitism.

in conclusion, these results indieate that ascariasis is the most prevalcnt hclminth irofcction in dogs in Turkey, Therefore, these ani-mals may play a signifieant role as visceral lan'a migrans reservoirs in this country.

References

1. Abo-Shady, A.F. (1980). lntestinal helminthes among stray dogs in Mansoura city, Egypt.

J.

Egypt. Soe. ParasiL, 10:289-345.

2. Aı'ene, F.O.I. (1984). Prevalence of toxocuriasis and echinococcosis among dogs in the iViger Delta.

J.

trop. Med. Hyg., 87:207-209. 3. Baker, D.G. and Strombeck, D.R. (i 985). J ntestinal parasitism in

dogs from Placer COll1ltry, California, aninıal control facility. Calif. Vet., 39:32-36.

4. Budak, S., Serınet,

ı.

ve Ünver, A. (1986). izmir ve civarındaki so-kak köpeklerinde askarid prevalansı. Türk. ParazİtoL. Derg., 9:57-65. 5. C08ta, J.O., Galvin, T.J., BelI, R.R. and Smith, J.P. (1971). Surve)'

of helminth parasites of dogs from Brazos countr)', THus. S. West. Vet., 24.: 305--30ô.

6. Cowper, S.G. (1978). llelminth parasites of dogs and cats and toxop-lasmosis antibodies in cats in Swansea, South Wales. Ann. trop. Med.

Parasit., 72: 455-459.

7. Çerçi, H. (1990). A nkara ili Elmadağ ilçesi Kırsal Yöre Köpeklerin-de Görülen MiKöpeklerin-de-Bağırsak Helmintlerinin Yayılışı ve insan Sağlığı

Yönünden Onemi. A.Ü. Sağlık Bilim. Ens. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.

8. Chıejma, S.N. and Ekwe, T.O. (1986). Canine toxocariasis and the associated environmental conıamination of urban areas in Eastern

Nigeria.

Vet. Parasito!., 22:157-161.

:\SCAR tASIS IX STRA Y DOCS 561 9. Doğanay, A. (1983). Ankara köpeklerinde görülen helmint türleri,

bunların y(i)'ılışı ve halk sağlığı yönünden önemi. A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg.

30 :550-56

ı.

10. Doğanay, A. (1992). Türkiye'de kedi ve köpeklerde görülen parazitler.

A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg., 39: 336-348.

ll. Dunn, A.M. (1978). Veterinary Helmintology. 2 nd ed., William Hci-nemann Medical nooks Ltd., London.

12. Ertürk, E. ve Tanzer, F. (1973). 1961-1972 yılları arasında Ankara ve yiiresinde köpeklerde göriilen hastalık olaylarına kısa bir bakış.

A.Ü.

Vet. Fak. Derg., 20: 277-280.

13. Furth, M., Hoıda, G. and El-on, J. (1990). Prevalence of helminths in dogs in the Hadcra Districı of Israel. ISI' .

.T.

Med. Sei., 26: 636-637.

11,. Georgı, J.R. and Theodoridcs, V.J. (1980). Parasitology for Vete-rinarians. 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Plıiladelphia.

15. Gross, E.M., Zcitan, R. and Vıola, T. (1984). Toxocara canis infee-tion in Jogs in Bearsheba, Israel.

J.

Helmintlı., 58: ]39-141. 16. Güralp, N. (1957). Köpek ve kedi askaritlerinin tedaı.isinde Piperazine

adipate'la yaptığımız deneyler ve aldığımız sonuçlar. A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg., 4: 42-51.

17. Güralp, N., Dinçer,

Ş.,

Kemer, R., Cantory, R. ve Taşan, E. (1977).

Elazığ yöresi köpeklerinde görülen gastro-intestinal helmint türleriyle bunların yaydış oranı ve halk sağlığı yönünden önemleri. A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg., 24: 21.1-21.9.

18. Hasslinger, M.A., Buı'gu, A., EI-Seify, M.A. und EI-Assaly, T. (1993)

Vergleiehende Untf'Tsuclıımgelı zum Helminthensıatus bei streunenden Hımden und Sein/! Bedeutung für dı~c mensehliehe Gesıındheit. Tier-arztl. Umsch., 1.8: 596-606.

19. Kamiya, H., Seki, N., Tada, Y. and Kamiya, M. (1975). Some rare

helmintiıs from stray dogs of Sapporo.

J

ap .

.T.

vet. Res., 23: 25-32. 20. Lillis, W.G. (1967). Helmiııılı surt!ey of dogs and cats ı~n New

Jer-se)' .

.r.

Parasit., 53:1082-1081.

21. Merdivenci, A. (1962). htanbıırda larva migrans rezervuarları -üze-rinde araştırmalar. Türk vet. Hekim. Dem. Derg., 32:382-398. 22. Min~ioğlu, M., Giiralp, N. ve Sayın,

:F.

(1959). Ankara köpeklerinde

görülen parazit türleri H bunların yayılış nisbeti. A.Ü. Vet. Fak.

562 AInıET DOGANA Y - SEM1H ÖGE

23. Ng,

B.K.Y. and Kelly, J.D.

(1975).

Arthropozoonotic helminthiasis in Australasia: Part 3: Studies on the prevalence and pııblic health implicatimıs of helminth parasites of dogs and cats in urban environ-ments. Int .

.T.

Zoon.,

2: 76-91.

2.1..

Pamukçu,

M.

ve Erlürk, E.

(1961). 1933-1960

yılları arasında Anka-ra ve yöresinde köpeklerde görülen hastalıklara toplu bir bakış. A.Ü.

Vet. Fak. Derg., 8: 323-346.

25.

Saygı,

G.,

Özçelik, S. ve Temizkan,

N. t 1990).

Sivas sokak köpeklerinin ince bağırsaklarında bulduğumuz helmintler. Türk. Parazitol. Derg.,

14: 81-93.

26.

Schanlz,

P.M. (1991).

Parasitic zoonoses in perspective. Int.

J.

Para-sit.,

21 :161-170.

27.

Shanta, C.S., Wan, S.P., Song, C.Y. and Kwong, K.H.

(1977).

A sur-vey of the endo-and ecto-parasites of dogs in and around Jpoh, West

Malaysia,

MaL. vet. J., 6:95-110.

28.

Sprent, J.F.A. and Banetı,

M.G. (1961).

J.arge roundworms of dogs and cats : Differentiation of Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina.

Aust. vet.

J.

40:166-171.

29.

Taşan,

E. (1982).

Elazığ Kırsal Yöre Köpeklerinde Helmintlerin Yayılış ve Insan Sağlığı Yönünden Önemi. Fırat Üniv. Vet. Fak. Doçentlik Tezi, Elazığ.

30. Tınar, !l., Coşkun, Ş.Z., Doğan, H., Demir, S., Akyol, ç.V. ve Aydın, L.

(1989).

Bursa yöresi köpeklerinde görülen helmint türleri ı'e bunların yayılışı. Türk. IJarazito!. Derg.,

13: 113--120.

31.

Turner, T.

(1977).

A survey of patent nematode infestations in dogs.

Vet. Ree., 2: 284-285.

32.

Vanparijs,

O.,

Hermans, L. and Flaes, L.

(1991).

Helminth and pro-tozoan parasites in dogs and mts in Belgium. Vet. ParasitoL., 38:

67-73.

33.

Woodruff, A.W.

(1984).

Toxocariasis. Med. Int.,

2:206-208.

34. Zeybek, H., Tatar, N.~'C Tokay, A. (1992). An/cara y;jresi kırsal alan

köpeklerinde görülen parazit/erve bunların yayılışı. Etlik Vet. Mik.