XIX. yüzyılda ünlü devlet adamları yetiştiren bir aile:Moralı ailesi

t t - 5'sıı&if THE MORALİ FAMILY

A 717 Century family which raised great States en

ŞAHl_FA^A

Abdurrahman Seni Paşa was a descendant of the.- Sheikh Yahya Efendi fsTC-trl^v oî .¿ore a. «hen the peninsula of more a was being liberettaea from tne Venetians in 1714, Yahya Efendi, a learned person, son of Selâmet Efendi, was sent to Morea as Sheikh to the army. Thereafter the name Morali was given to his family.

His first ancestor known to us is referred to as Memi Paşa, or hoca ‘ eni, or Memi Can. He was lieutenant to the Governor of Eastaraonu. Later he was appointed "Sanjakbey" to the ssnjaks districts of Chio and A g n b o z with the title of "Feylerbey" Governor general . He built a moac’ie end a medressa at A g n b o z . He died in I6 3 9 . His grandson Vehme Paşa was commander of the Fleet during the Cretan -jar. In 1663 he was killed in action in front of the Hanya fort. His sons were Abdurrahman paşa and Vehme Paşa.

Upon his return from the war Yahya Efendi settled in Istanbul. He died in 17&S- He was then over IOC years old. He is buried in the Tekke founded in 1703 by hureddin Cerrahı at karegümruk. He was the fourth CLeikh of the Tekke. Yahya Efendi's eldesTscn, Sheikh

Abauşşekur Efendi succeeded him. The sons and grandsons of Abduşşekûr served as sheikhs in that same Tekke until it was closed up

Yahya efendi's second son, professor Sheikh Abdrurrahman Efendi remained in Vorea. His descendants settled in the city of Tripolis. Their high culture and merits won them the respect and affection of all, Turks as well as Greeks.

Sheikh Hacı Ahmed Eecib Efendi, son of Abdulbâki Efendi and grandson of Abdurrahman Efendi was, like his ancestors, a learned and virtuous man. He was also a poet. He married his cousin S^lihn Hanım. In I7 9 5 / 6 a son w«s born to them. They named him Abdurrahman Sami.

Abdurr°hman S«mi married Adviye Rabia Hanım, daughter of his uncle Âyetullah Efendi. On 12 muharrem 1234 1818 was born their son who ^as to acquire fame undt.r the name of Subhi Paşa.

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When revolution broke out in :iorea in 1821, all towns and forts inhabited by Turks were attacked. Sheikh Necib Efendi and his family were among the besieged people. On the 40th day of the siege Sheikh Necib Efendi was killed in action. He was then 52 years old. When the siege ended after six months of hunger and misery, on Friday 7 October 1821 Abdurrahman Sami Efendi called his family and followers to prayer and surrendered. Some women too were killed during the war. Among these, one lady who was the wife of a high official, Cmer Pey, and a close relative to Abdurrahman S rrni Efendi, died on the gallows.

However, the leader of the rebels, Theodore Colocotroni, had not forgotten the great kindness previously shown to him by Ahmed îîecib Efendi. He protected the family and helped them to embark on a ship sailing from Nauplia to Egypt. In November 1821 Abdurrahman Sami Efendi, his wi^e, his son and the remaining members of the family reached Egypt and settled there.

The Moreen War

Mehmed Ali Paşa, Governor of Egypt, asked Sami Efendi for information concerning the causes of the rebellion, and much appreciated the memorandum drafted by him on the subject.

In July 1822 Sami Fey left Alexandria in company of Ibrahim Paşa, son of "ehmed Ali Paşa, who was returning to Morea to continue the war. Ibr»hi' Paşa had been appointed Governor to Mores.In lo26 the battle was carried inside f. orea and the Turkish army advanced

victoriously until 132?. The ennemy's resistance was failing. Junction was m a ’e with the Rumelia army and following an imperial decree prejarations were made to besiege Missolonghi. Ibrahim Paşa and bis followers proceeded to ¡.‘issolonghi. The city was captured aftur a siege that lasted six months. Inside Morea the army crossed all parts of the country witnout fighting. The population asiwd fo*~*m**s*&m came in groups to offer submission. Just then the English, French and Russian Governments who wanted the Turks to

evacuate completely „iorea sent a fleet composed of 11 ships belonging to the three states. A letter was received, signed by th three

ad’',ir°ls of the fleet, asking that Ibrahim Paşa leave !' ore a and return to Egypt. Then the French lnndei infantry which penetrated inside the country. xhe Ottoman fleet wac burned do n in N^varin.

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Following on exchange of correspondence between the Sublime Porte end Fgypt in 1627 the Egyptian army evacuated Morea and returned home.

Sami Fey was nominated to the Veqeyi Ministry in Egypt as member of the Civil Council. In 1831/2 he was appointed senior assistant to Itebme«? Ali Paşa. He was promoted to the grade of Mirliva, and two years later, to that of Ferik. His son Subhi Faşa was educated

in I-gypt and tool service in the government under mis father’s authority. Sami Paşa’s twin brother Baki Be., died very young.

When Mehmed Ali Paşa had a dispute with the Sublime Porte,

Sami Paşa was delegated five- times to İstanbul where he had interviews with the ministers. On his second voyage, l^ehmed Ali Paşa’s son

Said Paşa accompanied him. ’

Later, S»mi Paşa’s health deteriorated and he took three years leave. In 1843 he went to Europe for a change of air. He stayed in Tuscany, Italy, and following his correspondence with Beşia Paşa, Ambass»;or to France, he went to Paris.

Abbas Başa, Governor of Egypt

In 1948 Sami Paşa went from ^ondon back to Egypt. Mehmed Ali Peş» was still alive, but ageing and losing strength. A year later senility set in and in 1847/8 it was unanimously decided to propose to Istanbul thaw his eldest son Ibrahim P»şe be named his deputy.

İbrahim Paşa visited Istanbul and, being given audience by the Sultan, was nominated titular Governor to Egypt. Three months later, on

13 November 1646 he died.

The Egyptian statesmen nominated Abbas Paşa as his successor. Abbas Paşa was the eldest member of the family, but he was a dissolute and profligate man of low morals. The reason for Lis nomination has

d Ali Faşa, ^

- "The Ministers considered that none of Mehmed Ali Pnş°’s children »nd grandchildren were suited to the port, »nd they unanimous ly decided been explained as follows by/Emine H a m m , wife of Mehme

\

n

to elect Abbes Isşa, sa ing: * Abbes Paşa is a man dedicated to bis own pleasure. He spends his time raising sheep, goats, dogs end 8İ1 sorts of birds and animals. He is foo: ish and arrogant. If we make him Governor^the fool will only think of his pleasure, th management of Egypt will remain in our o^n hands and we will act as we wish'. So the request to that effect was submitted to the Sultan". But when Abbas Paşa acceded to power he showed himself tc be as cruel

and des otic as he was dissolute and foolish.

Ak

Abbas Paşa consulted with Sami Paşa, Hasan Haydar Paşa, Kamil Paşa and Hurşid I aşa on the suitability of going to Istanbul. After some hesitation, he went to I s a n b u l accompanied by Sami P cşa and Hasan Ha; dar paşa. He was received in audience by the Sultan and received the title of vizier.

Mehmed Ali paşa died on August 1849, very old, lonely and forrotten. Put all the pomp due to his rank was given to his funeral.

Mehmed Ali Paşa had distribute unused land in Egypt to persons who had sufficient means and capacity to work usefully the land.

Among thenTWas Subhi Faşa aar. -n iaaftgrn-i. '■**»*>a. His aim was to develop agriculture and productivity for the benefit of the country. Abbas Faşa seized most of such land without even reimbursing the important expenses incurred in wording the land. He found pretexts for exiling or throwing in prison the owners. His cruelty and tyranny reached such a point that most of the remaining land owners left Egypt in a hurry as if they were running away from fire. Even Abbas Paşa's relatives were not spared. He pressed his aunt Zeynep Hanım to divorce her husband Kamil Faşa, and he put Karr.il P- şe in prison. However husband ' d ?/ife were able to leave for Istanbul when the Grand -Vizier Reşid Paşa intervened and the Suit an issued an irade to this e -feet. fot— ^ — ^-4^44d-r--trhtr— 1 ifv of Poaırt Âlem .'nur, TTEsTân"-H a yd*» r P a şs*~sP -a « .»-t-, was saved thank

help giver to by the Vslide Sultana SAMİ FAŞA ‘ ^

:hankr to th; protection and ,, ^ >

■I-nr 1848/9 Sami Pa§a went directly to Tirhala where he had been appointed "overnor before leaving Egypt- He took service with

~ The fetter he *rrote from Tirhala to Abb^s Fa§a is impregnated - ^rith mysticism ^ntf'-authority . Some passages are cited below :

" Knowing that my immediate departure from Egypt was in line with your bigness's wish, 1 resigned from my post as Secretary to the Council... The loss of my property and belongings is a reward for my 25 years of good services, their sudden waste and destruction are certainly not an act of justice...”

Adding that he was aware of the natural evolution of the world and that he therefore submitted to destiny, he goes on to say that he accuses no one and only prays God to show them the right way. The he tells the followiiig story :

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i.hile he was sirolling around in Tirhala, he saw the ruined palaces and holiday resorts that belonged to Tepedelenli Ali Paşa. A kind-hearted old man stood by. He said to him :

«You must have been a witness of the late Ali Paşa' 8 time. Has not this person done any good in this world that he has met with such a sad end ? -ie learned from the reply he got that Ali Paşa had often given alms, but that he had extinguished the life of many

noble families whose houses gave asylum to the poor. Then Sami p Rşa prnvB that God protects ‘'ehraed Ali Paşa’* descend and all his family

c^amitias. He says he he, himself ■ n woe the ro i^n of much experience^ that he accepts what destiny has in store for him, and he concludes his letter thus:

ihe violent steps taken against me are not in retaliation for treachery ncr any fault committed by me, but are against the good services rendered and the loyalty shown to your family. If 1 d0r loyalty andlpray for you, 1 will retain

thieNrteiad

my good name in t h i g > ^ d world were no other reward exists, > . and I will thank god for such a blessing which is not ne to be

g h v e « —tap--”"

k

O

In 1849/50 Sami Pngs came from Tirhaln to Istanbul. In Hovember 1850 he »as "¡pointed Inspector to Kumelia »1th the title of vizier. At the end of 1851 he m b nominated Governor to Posnla. While he woe on hie »ay to Istanbul from »here he would proceed to his new

duty post, his nomination was changed to that of Governor to Trebizond ;-e went there but resigned soon after and came back to Istanbul.

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A few days later he was appointed Governor to Vidin. while he was there the Crimean war broke out. The war şnd massacres had caused much confusion in the region and Sami Paça had a heavy load of work. At the end of the war 1855/6 he was called back to Istanbul and nominated member of the i^eclis-i Tanzimat \Reform Council,

His son Subhi Paça was also appointed to important posts and was promoted Minister with the title of Vizier. It happened that he was once member of a council where his father was also a member.

In 13^7 when the Ministry of Education war founded, the first Minister to he appointed was Sami Paşa. In addition he was given the mission to curb the rebellion in Crete; He successfully carried out this task without^ giving way to bloodshed, and was rewarded with the İmtiyaz ^medal of Merit . In 1858 he founded the civil school Mülkiye Mektebi for the training of youths as government officials. He went on with the reform of primary and secondary schools. He also reorganised the girls' school previously opened. The Cemiyet-i llmiye-i Osmaniye Institute of sciences was founded. In many parts of the Ottoman countries secondary schools were founded. A Forestry school was opened in Istanbul, physics and chemistry

brenenes were added to the university and Lerviş I aşa was appointed professor there.

In 1861/2 Sami iaşa was discharged from his post of Minister

of Education, r.e retired to rest in the mansion konak he had bought at Taşkasap. The drawing-room of the 60-room konak was splendidly furnished and adorned with fine inscriptions and paintings. Among the more than 100 persons living in the konak were beautiful and well bred Circassian slave girls. The family livec^in jomplete retirement. The principal persons who visited the harem/were^GrandVizier İbrahim faşn and his wife, Grand Vizit r Yusuf Kamil Faşa and his wife»

Teyneb H a m m of the gyptian princely family, Fazıl Faşa of the same f amil v.

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Yusuf Kamil Paşa who had translated Telem^que and was then a well-known writer, was Sami Paşa's best friend. They had met in

gypt. Sami Paşa too had acquired renown in literature as much as he had in successful government administration. But he would not follow the new trend. \e always used the old style in his writings.

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The high .standing of his visitors in the literary world had given to the i\onak’s selamlik this character of' an scaden

.■;hen S«mi Pnşa's wife Adviye Rabia Kanım, coming from Egypt, hnd settled in Istanbul, she went one day for a drive to Kağıthane m her gilded coach drawn by four horses. She had broughfov^r that co-^ch from Egypt. She got a warning from the Palace to the effect that only the sultanae(l\îould drive in such coaches. The lady shed tears:

- How can only two horses draw me she said.

It. was explaine to her that a lighter carriage - such as the coupes then in use - could easily be drawn by two horses. Thereafter the gilded coach remained unused in the courtyard of the Konak.

Could that lady imagine that the day would come when her cyu^L- grandaughters, unattended, unveiled and head uncovered, woul wait

for the bus in the street

Adviye Habia H a m m hod only one son, Subhi Paşa. Sami Paşa secretely married two Circassian girls and gave them a separate

hou.,e. Poth gills had been offered by their mistresses to Sami Paşa as a gift. One of them, GÜlaroyiş Hanım belonging to the Egyptian princess fazlı who gave her to Sami Paşa, gave birth to seven children One of her sons, Hasan Bey, was to become Governor of Bassorah; th ot> e r ,son, Sezai 'ey, acquired fame in literature. The other wife, curb <1baha Hanım had been brought up as secretary by the Sultana U)

-nive, wife of İbrahim Faşa, and was therefore known as katibe hanım the secretary lady;. She gave ¿tlfe to four sons: one of them,

Halim Bey, became Minister of Justice during the second Constitutional government. Another son, Hecib Paşa, married the Sultane'liediha,

Sultan Abdulhamid1s sister.

When Adviye Rabia Hanım heard of the other wives she was very angry and insisted that they be sent sway. Subhi Paşa called his

mother to reason and saying that they had got children opposed himself to their being sent away. The two wives remained always grat ful

to him for his help. After the senior lady’s death the other wives and their children came to live in the Konak.

Sami • aşa used to stand up wher receiving two of his sons: Cubhi Faşa and Necib Paşa, out of respect for the title of vizier bestowed upon the.- by the Sulten.

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° ° :1 t aşa 15nd his family spent the summer at Çamlica where he had rented the 40-room house of Kosekahya Raşi.d Efendi. Among the ledies visiting the harem was the Sultana Jemile, Cel^leddin I aşa»s Trife, who, as was the habit with many members of the Imperial family never accepted a cup of coffee nor anything else to drink or to e a t /

nl- one day, while strolling in the mansion's orchard, she could not resist the temptation off red by the famous Çamlıca grapes and accepted some after they had been washed under her eyes.

*fcer Said Paşa succeeded Abbas faşa as Governor of*Egypt, he called on Sami Paşa at his Çamlıca mansion and was filled with admiration on seeing the view. Before returning to Egypt he came

to say goodbye to Sami Paşa and handed him a rolled up paper, saying: ill you please be scM kind as to accept this.

11 *he title deed of the mansion. He had bought the house ' n .ami faşa's name and had brought to him the title deed as a gift,

he invited Sami Paşa to Egypt and intended to see to it that' his properties, unlawfully siezed, were given back to him.

7-hen Sami Paşa arrived in Egypt in 1 3 8 4 , Said Pa§R put a residence ouse at his disposal and said :

" 1 h,Te t0 le“« on urgent voyage to the South and will be back in a few days.

But a ft, d-ys later Said P,Ş9 died. Sami Page retu-ned to .staşhul. He was appointed member of the High Council. Then

Constitution was declared he m s nominated senator.

Abdulhak Hamid ley who had spent his childhood at Çamlica IlthiT~h - h . Bna a friend to his sons and grandsons. Although Sezai bey „as

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°'J; • At « » , listened to the song of the nightingales n the morning they climbed the hill and watched the sunrise and the b e a W u l view. Both took lessons rom Sami faSa, as in the pa^t Ahmet Secib Efendi had given les-rrs to f / f

»AV-rj reasons to his visitors childrer

toget r with bis own children TPp v c+. a? n

, ., ' n ‘ studied in particular Ferslnji

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In spite of the great respect they had for their teacher, the young men would not accept VfeU conservative way#. They followed the new trend and each one of them chose his own style. Sami iaşa’s grandson  y e t u l l h Bey Subhi Faşa’s s n shared their views.

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Hamid hesitated for some time. In a letter he wrote to Namık hemal, he said: 'I have neither imitated that eminent writer Sami Faşa

in using wholly the ^rathc and lersiaxi style in writing, nor accepted the language used by the Sublime Forte’s secretaries, but i have

followed the style adopted by Şinasi and hemal, while aiming at being a writer in the western st.le."

Sami Paşa had objected to his young students’ prose, sa ing that "it was deprived of ornament and choice words, and written at ^random". However, Namık Kernel's suggestions were more suited to Hamid's spirit. Eut Namık Kemal, violently opposing Sami Faşa and his son Subhi Paşa, had attacked them in a manner nuite unsuited to a literary dispute, even using indecent language. This is the reason why Sultan Abdul- hamid, when Namık Kemal had been accused of preparing a revolution, wished to have him condemned and had him assigned to the court where Subhi Paşa jms president. Put Subhi Fasha acquitted Kemal. Then Kernel’s hate turned into gratitude. *

Bonjour mademoiselle

Sami Paşa was as conservative in his private life as he was in literature. He did not approve/foreign fashions. His granddaughter Mihri Hanım, : ubhi Paşa’s second daughter,' who was married to Savfet Page’s eldest son, Refet Bey, was more up-to-date and jis*' no objection to m«v ir?g her daughter Seniye wear a broad—brimmed Parisian hat

instead of the old-fashioned bonnet generally worn by little girls in those days, but she knew that her grandfather would not approve of it. So, one day, when she took her little daughter to visit him, she said, ns t^ey were driving to his konak: "Remember you are not to go into grandfather’s room with your hat on."

Consequently, when Mibri H a m m , on entering the harem, was

surrounded by her young aunts and their slaves and chatting with them while they helped her to take off her "yaşmak" and "ferace", the

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first thing Seaiye did was to run straight into the/gentKeman's room, with her hat on. He was sitting by a window overlooking the garden. He eyed his gre^t-granddaughter severely, and said in French^

- Oh, Ponjour Mademoiselle.

She, delighted at the impression made, ran to him and kissed his hand. He pointed tc the pond in the garden :

- See this pond ? - Yes, Sir.

- You go right there end throw your hat into the pond. - Yes, Sir.

She ran into the garden and threw the elegant Parisian hat into the pond. She thought it all delightfully arcusing, but her mother did not.

Sami Paşa is buried in th

The iron railing around his tomb has been removed by the Releve Eureai Among Sami Paşa's relatives who emigrated tcgcthfer with him from Egypt were hi? brothers Peki Eey and Hayrullah Paşa, his cousin

Ahmed Celâleddin Paşa and İbrahim Paşa. They took service with the Ct1 ort'on Government.

İbrahim Paşa was appointed Minister of Marine with the title of vizier. Hi? portrait and figure can be seen in the Maritime

Museum at Beşiktaş. Aliye Hanım, daughter of Celaleddin Paşa, marriec Mehmed Ali Bey, son of İbrahim Paşa. Their ton Selahaddin Âli Eey married the Sultana Adile, granddaughter of Sultan l V, their

daughter Nilüfer hanim-sultan married the second son of the Nizam of Hayderabad and later divorced. Another son of Jehmed Ali Bey

and Adile Hanım, Naci Âli Bey, married Vildan Neslbe Hanım, daughter C'- Abbas Halim Paşa of Egyı>t.

Sami Paşa’s brother, Hayrullah Bey, was appointed Commander to Cyprus; His son, Kecib Paşa married the Sultana Pediha and gave his father’s name to hLs son, S ’mi. Necib Paşa died of typhoid

fever in 138JJ. When he fell ill, he was transferre to the selamlik pari of their p^l-ce so as to spare the Sultana too much worry.

He was only 28 years old when he ditd. The elegy "Ferday-i Tedfin" written for him b? his close friend Iiecaize.de Mahmud

Ekrem Bey is well known

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A year Inter, the Sultans Mediha married the notorious Bemad Perid Paşa. TJhen the members of the Imperial family were exiled from Turkey, her son by her first marriage, Sami Bey, went to London and settled there with his wife and children, and died there. it has been learned from the press that one of his sons,

ahmud Bey , worked in Kenya as manager the largest radio station in Afrika.

Sami laşa's mystic proems h rive been published under-the title "Rumuzul'Hikem. He has also a brochure entitled nlşver-1 Derun on ethics. His best-known poem is "Kltabe-i Serig-i fezar ^Lpitaph), the last verse of which summarises S rmi Paşa's philosophy :

"Allah bes, baki heves" "God is all, the rest is vain". me a; .ng:

they helped her to take

de was equally conservative in his private life. He didnot approve 01 following "orei ptl fashions. Hi »¿xand-daughter, MiWrni H a m m , (Sub hi P.'s second-^daughter y married to Safvet P.'s eldest son, Hefet B., wa^raore up-to-date, and saw no objection x to make her daughter Seniye wear a b r o a d - b r i n ^ Parisian hot, instead of the old-fashioned bonnet generally worn by little girls nn t lose days, but she knew that her grand-father would not approve of it. tfmpcwk* So, one day, when she took her little daugter to Visit him, she said, as they wre driving to his konak, "Remember you are not to ts. go into grand-father's room with your hat on."

Consequently, lateen Mihri Hanim, on entering the harem, was surrounded by her young aunts and their slaves, and chatting with

tnem while xhacxwaxxtakiaig/off her vagmak and ferace. the first thing Seniye did was to run straight into the old o-entleman’s room, with her hat on. He was sittrig by a window overlooking the garden. He eyed his grea -grand-daughter severely, and said in French,

QOh, bonjour Mademoiselle."

She, delighted at the impression created, ran to him and kissed 'is hand. He pointed to the pond in the garden,

"See this pond ?" "Yes,Sir. "

"fou go right there and throw your hat into the pond." "Yes, Sir."

She ran straight in^o the garden and threw the elegant Parisian hat into the pond, ¿he thought it all delightfully amusing, but her mother did note

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