EfIect of wet feeding on laying performance of Japanese quail maintained under high environniental temperature

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BRITISH

POULTRY SCIENCE

An International Journal

V olum e 37, Supplement,

1996

i

996 Spring ~eeting

of the WPSA (DK Branch)

ISSN 0007-

i

668

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S70 ABSTRACTS

.EfIect of wet feeding on laying performance

of Japanese quail maintained under high

environniental temperature

F. OKAN, H. R. KUTLU, 1. BAYKAL Ai'iD S. CANOGULLARI

TIze University of Çukurova, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Scimce, 01330 Adana.

Turhy

In many counines, partieularly in the hot and humid tropies, high environmental temperatiire is of major concem to poultry produeers. High ambient temperatures reduee food intake, body gro\\'1h, egg produetion, egg quality and food conversion effieieney of poultry (Nlarsden et aL.,

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987). The reduction in performance is often attributed to the birds reducing their food intake at high environmental temperature to avoid the thermogenic effect of ingestion. Many studies have been condueted to aiieviate heat stress effeet on broiler performance. Dietary studies assessing the effect of fat, protein, vitamin and mineral supplementation have achieved same progress In alleviating heat strcss effects, however, these studies showed that the negative effeets of heat stress on broiler performance could not be totally offset (Kutlu ,and Forbes,

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993). :NIareover, other dietary studies showed that wet feeding eould be of benefit in inereasing poultry performance under high environmcntal temperaturc. Tadtiyanant

et aL. (199 I) reported that dry matter intake ofIayers maintained at high

environmen-tal temperature eould be increased by wet feeding with a diet containing 50% moisture. Kutlu et al. (1995) reported that a diet containing more than 60% moisture . increased performance of layers under heat stress condition. The present study was initiated to assess the effect of wet feeding with diets mixed with water in different ratios on Iaying performance ofjapanese quail maintained under high environmcntal temperature.

Seventy two, 82-d-old, japanese quaiI layers (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 4 dietary treatment groups of similar mean weight (21

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g; SE:0·89), comprising 18 birds each. Astandard fowI layer diet (D:Nl 889 g,_CP 177 g, NIE

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Mj/kg, Ash 57 g, Oil 44 g, NaCl 33 g/kg) obtained from a eommercial company was used as abasal diet in the study. The wet diets were prepared daily by adding tap water to the pre-weighed basal diet in the ratio (food (kg):water(kg)) of 1;0:0·0 (air

dry; group I, 1'0:0'5 (50% wet; group 2),

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·0:0·9 (90% wet; group 3) and 1·0: 1·3 (130% wet; group 4). Each group was fed ad libiium with its own diet for a period of 28 d. The birds were housed in individual cages in a complete randomised design. During the experiment the birds were reared at a high ambient temperature regime (32 to 33°C from 08·00 to 24·00 h and 28°C from 24·00 to 08·00 h). Light was provided for

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6 h (08·00 to 24·00 h) each dayand water was continuously available from nipple drinkers throughout the experiment. Laying performance was assesscd by measuring dry matter intake, egg production, dry matter conversion efficiency. and egg quality. The data obtained in the experiment were analysed statisticaliy using the .

G11\;1 procedure Q.f SAS and means were separated using a .multiple range test.

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~UTRITION

Table. Effict of cat fieding on li!ving perjörmana of Ja~ quail r(arw unda hig/i ambicit iemperabJTe

Feeding groups

S7l

Bird \\"t>ight change (g/bird/28 d)

Tiil. l'gg prod. iTEr; g/bird/~8 d)

Dry mat. iniake (DMI; g/bird/28 d) Dry mat. ron\'. Effic. (TEP/DMn Egg produnion (%)

Egg weightg/bird/d)

:\0. of eggs bird/28 d)

:\0. of cracked eggs ("lo)

Sliape indt>x "\\\;dth/lengih) X 100\ Egg shell weight (g/ egg)

Egg shell \\"eight (%) Egg ,hell chidmess (Jim)

Air dry -t·3:=I·

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5' :210<>= 16·ioh 731·2:= 10'94-b 0·29 := 0'02~ 70·8:= i'15' 10·i=O'Ub 19·8:=2'00'

[·i::

0'55' i8·2 :: 0'92~ 1·2:=0'02~

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0·9 :: o· 18' 213·3:: 2·i5' 50% wet 5·3::7·50· 2i3·:2 :: 9'43" 876·7:: -tl

·i·

0·31:: 0'01· 89·5:: 2'41" 10·9:: 0·24ah 25·

i::

0·68a 1·1=0'57a 77-6:: 0·60· 1'1 :: 0'06' 10'4:: o·n" 2

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6·8 :: 6·i7" 90% wet 3·8:: 1·83' 284-'7:: 7·3·r' 836·7:: 31'52· 0·34:: 0·01~ 89·5:: 3'6+'

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1'4 :: 0'23' 25·

i ::

1·02' 0·6:: 0'36' i8·5 :: 0'30' 1·2 :: 0'03'

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O' 5 :: O·i i' 222'4:: HI·

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30"10 wet 6·5= HI' 2ti9·8:: :n.]2" 806· 7 ::

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3·29·b 0·33:: 0'02~ 84-'

i:::

6'98'

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1·5 :::0'03' 23·6 ::: 1·95' 1·9 :: 0'88' 78'1:: 0·3+' \·2 = 0·0

i'

10·5:: O'15' 216·3 = 0·52'

~ (eans in tht> same row \~;th the same superscript are not significanily different (P> 0'0:»

(P< 0'0.5), but did not affect dry matter conversion efficiency, number of cracked cggs,

shape index, egg shell thickness and egg shell weight (P< 0'05) (Table). The groups receiving wet diets exhibited greater (P< 0·05) dry matter intake and total egg production than the group fed with air dry diet. The increases in diy matter intake and total egg production were not dependent on the moisture content of the diet; the highest diy matter intake and total egg production was achieved with the 90% wet diet. The results suggest that feedingjapanese quail, with wet die ts could be of benefit in pre\'cnting reduction in dry matter intake and egg production induced by high environmental temperature. As dry matter conversion efficiency was not improved by wet feeding, the increase in egg production is areflection of increased in dry matter intake by wet feeding.

KCTLL'. H.R. & FORBES,j.M. (1993) AlIeviauon of the dfeets of heat stress by dietary methods in broilers: a re\·Iew. World &uiew of Animal Production, 36: 335-350.

Kl"TI.L H.R .. ÖZTüRKCAN,O., B,"'K.\I~ L & ÇELIK,K. (1995) Elfeel of inoisiure conlenl of ihi: dii:l un performance and egg qualiry of laying hens at high environmemal temperature. Proceedings of Intenwtional PouLtI)· Congress'95, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 163-172 .

.\-L\RSDfX .-\., MORRJS, T.R. &CRmlAi,\;'TY,.-\.5. (1987) The effeets of constant environme!!tal temperatures on the performanee of laying pullets. BriJish Pouliry Science, 28: 36 1-380.

T.\DTiy.\:'-:,\.'T, C., LYONS,JJ. & VANDEPOPULlERE,j.M. (1991) InAuenee of wet and dry feed on laying hens under heat stress. Poultry Scimce, 70: 4+-52.

Influence of dietary suppleinental ascorbic acid on

laying perforinance of Japanese quail reared under

high enviromnental teniperature

F. OKAN, H. R. KUTLU, S. CANOCULLARI r\.L'lD L. BAYKAL

The Universiry of Çukurova, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science, 01330 Adana, Turkiy