THE DETECTION OF ABO (H) BLOOD GROUP SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES FROM HUMAN DENTAL PULP USING LOW IONIC STRENGTH SOLUTION

The

Detection of ABO(H) Blood Group Specific Substances

from Human

Dental Pulp Using Low Ionic Strength Solution

R;\Kf~SII KUMAlZ GARG a) • SUD;\SH

C.

a)forensie Scicncc Section, Dcpartment of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patalia ~ 147 002, India b)Civil HospitaJ, Dhagta Bhai Ka, District Bhatinda, Punjab, Irıdia

j1\SAN DİŞ PULPASıNDAKİ ABO(H) KAN GRUBU MADDELERİNİN,

DÜŞÜK İYONİK GÜÇTE BİR ÇÖZELTİNİN KULLANıLMASıYLA BELİRTiMİ (ı/ct

Keşif muayenelerinde, iskelet kalıntılarının yantsıra, dişlere de sıklıkla rastlantr. Diş çekimi yapılmak üzere bir sağltk kuruluşuna başvuran kişilerden toplanan 88 prcmolar ve molar diş, \:cl;imlcrinden sonraki ilk hafta içerisinde ADO(H) kan grubu özgün maddeleri açısından incelendi.

Çekilen dişler musluk suyunda yıkandıktan sonra, bir gece boyunca oda sıcaklığında kurumaya

bırakılciL Üzerinde numaralama yapllarak işaretlenen zarflara konulan dişlcr desikatörde saklandı. Diş \:ekimi yapılan hastalardan ayrıca birkaç damla kan örneği de alındı. Kan örnekleri, içerisinde fizyolojik serum bulunan tüplere konuldu ve daha sonra santrifüj e edilerek ayrılan ve 2 kez yıkanan hücrelerde Dun;ford ve Bowley (1967)'c göre ABOCII) tiplemesi yapıldL ller diş, pulpanııı korun~ masına özen gösıerilerek kırıldı. Kavitekrin bir yarısındaki pulpa, dikkatle dentinden ayrıldı. ller pulpa örneği üç cşit parçaya bölündü. Bunlar da düşük iyonik güçte çözelti (%2 glisin + %0.5 insan

albüınini) kullanarak Sagisaka ve ark. (1980), ayrıca Carg (1983)'a göre ABO(H) tiplemesi yapıldı.

Olguların 8l'inde (%92) diş pulpası için saptanan ADO(H) tipi kişinin kaın ilc uyuştu. Tsinde ise saptanan grup farklıydL Elde edilen bulgular, olay yerinde bulunan dişlerden yararlanarak kan grubu beliniıni yapılabilc.ceğini göstennektediL

Suııımary

Tecıh are guiıc o[ıen foıınd alongwith the skcletal remains in the forensic investigaıions. Eighıy~ eight teeıh sanıples (premolars and melars) \Yere analysed for ABO(II) blood group spccific substances ",ithin one weeK of their eolleetien by using low ionie strengLh solution (2% of glycine in 0.5% of human albuınin). The conclusive results could be obtained in SI (92 %) and inconclusive in 7 (S %) of the tceıh sanıl'le an:ılyscd. The method could be succes[ully applicd to the leeth sanıples for AllO(l!) typing received .in [mcnsic cases.

Kcy words: J'ce/h ~ ABO(li), blood group specific substances ~ Low ionic strength solu/ion (LlSS)

Adli Tıp Derg., S, 3 ~ 6 (1989)

ADL

İ TIP DERGİSİ

Journal of Forensic Medicine

Adli T

ıp Dergisi 1989; 5(1-2): 3-6

KK. GARG, Sc. GARG

INTRODUCTION

Ha

irs,

bones,

teeth

are very

oflen found alongwith the

skcIetal

re

mains in

th

e

field

of

foren

s

ic

investigations and

th

e

y can serve a uscful

adjunct

in the personal

identificaLİoıı

of

dead remains.

Th

e

ABH antigens

aceming

in

hUlnan

naiIs, bones

and

teeth are qui te resistant

to

the process of decomposilion particularly in

t

he case of

dental

pulp where

it

is

well

protected by the

outer

denline tissue. Studies have bee

n

mack on

the detection

of

ABO(H)

antigens

from teeth by various

workers (I-2l).

The

study

invol

ves

the

cxamination

of blood group antigens found

in human

dental

pulp

wiLh

a

view

to its

application in

the routine laboratory examination o

f

tooth

senI.

in

forensic cases.

MATERIAL A1\'I) METHOD

IJ:ighty·cight tccth sampks were collected (premolars and molars) from Rajindra Hospital, PaLİala,

from the patients who came for the extractlon. The age, sex, caste, da tc of collecLİon, anatomical

position and class of tooth to be extracted was recorded of each individual. The age of the individuals

rangcd from 20-45 years. Only molars were collected keeping in view that they havc highcr amount of pulp as comparcd to others.

Aftcr cxtraetion ca ch tooıh was washed under tap water to remove any adhering material and dried

ovemight at room temparature. Transferred the teeth sample to a scrially marked envelops and kept in

a desicator. Alongwith eaeh tooth sample, few drops of blood were also collectcd from eaeh

individual in a test tube containing saline by squeezing out a plug of cotton kept in the sockcl. The

saline suspension was centrifugatcd and the ceııs were separated and washed twice which were further

typed for ABO(H) blood grouping according to Dunsford and BowZey (22). Each tooth was then broken with a hammer taking care to preserve the pulp. The pulp present in one of the halves of cavity was

carefully removed from the dentine and transferred to labelled test tubes in a desicator until testcd. The average storage and analysis time of each sample ranged from one to seven days. Each tooth on

an average yielded 1·3 mg of the pulp. Each pulp sample was divided into three equal parts and ABOCII) blood grouping was determined according to Sagisaka et aZ (23) and Garg (24) by using low ionic strcngth solmion (2% glycine in 0.5% of human albumin). Adequate controls of blood of known individuals of ABO(II) were maintained with each sampk analysed.

Antiserum A and B for grouping were obtained from Haffkcine Institute, Bombay, and anti-II was prcparcd from the secds of U/ex europeus in the laboratory according to Dunsford and now/ey (22).

RESULTS

AND

DISCUSSION

The

results

of

ABH

blood

grouping from

dental

pulp

are given in TabIc

T

he pe

r

-centage

of

results

obtained

[rom denla! pulp has been found to be 81

(92

%).

The number

of

cases in

which incorrect

resulls were observed

was

7 (8

%).

The results

which

were

dOLlbtful

positive

or

or

were nol confirmed by repetition

or

clid not

corresponel with

the

ABO

bloocI

group

of the standard b!oocI group of the paLİents

The Detection of ABO(II) Blood Croop Speeifie Substances ... 5

Tablc ı. Results of ABO(II) blood grouping from human dcrıtal pu1p.

BIood Number Results Results

group tested Correcıly Iyped [ncorreclly ıyped

(%) (%) A 22 21 (95.5) (4.5) B 30 30 (100) O 26 22 (84.6) 4 (15.4) AB 10 8 (80) 2 (20) Total 88 8 ı (92) 7 (8)

logically a[fected coneliLion o

f

the tooth or due

to

the presence o[ foreign antigens bom

by

bacteria

or elamage

of

the

pulp. In

fifteen

blind

trial samplcs, the

ABO(H) blood

group

coulel be correctly determined.

It appears

from this

study

that

the

human dental

pulp could be successCully typed for ABO(H) antigens

by using low

strength

solu-Lion particularly

when the

tootll is

unaffected. The

presence

of

a tooth

at

the erime scene

or

wiLh the

skelctal remains of

the person

can

help

in

the individualization.

it

is

expcc

t

-cd

that the method

could be

of

immense

use

to

the

forensie case work.

Acknowl ed gemcn t

The authors are thankful to each and every individual who very kindly donated thcir samplcs. The

au-thor (RKC) is also ıhankful to Dr. K. Sagisaka from Japan for suppl)'ing human bovine albumin.

REFEREl\'CES

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Adli T

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6 GARG, S.C

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18 SU211ki, K. (1957) Jpn. J Med, 11, 163 17? 19 Tab.::ı, (1973) Jpn. l. Med., 27, 46·< 20 Tab!", II Cl974) Jpn. j. Med., 28, 417

21 Tak"ı:ı. j runatsıı, Y., i (1974) In! rot,nsic Sci., 4,

22 Dunsford, 1., Bowiey,

c.c.

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24 Garg, R.K. (1983) Z. Rechtsmed., 91, 17-19.

Rcpriııts reqııest to : Rakcsh Kumar Garg Forcnsic Scicncc Section,

of Cheıni'.ı ı 'niversity,

ı·n 002, Indi:ı

Adli T

ıp Dergisi 1989; 5(1-2): 3-6