The Impact of Turkish Agricultural Policy on Competitiveness of Oilseed Sunflower in Western Marmara Region, Turkey

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27

th

INTERNATIONAL

SCIENTIFIC-EXPERT CONGRESS

OF AGRICULTURE AND

FOOD INDUSTRY

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II

27

th

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-EXPERT CONGRESS OF

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRY

Organized by

Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Turkey

Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Turkey

Sarajevo University, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,

Bosnia and Herzegovina

PRESIDENCY OF THE CONGRESS

Prof. Dr. Uğur BİLGİLİ

Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey

Prof. Dr. F. Akın OLGUN

Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey

Prof. Dr Zlatan SARIĆ

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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Ali VARDAR Uludağ University

Prof. Dr. Ümran ERTÜRK Uludağ University

Prof. Dr. Orkun Barış KOVANCI Uludağ University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Ali TURAN Uludağ University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şule TURHAN Uludağ University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Canan Ece TAMER Uludağ University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra AYDOĞAN ÇİFCİ Uludağ University Assist. Prof. Dr. Müge KİRMİKİL Uludağ University Assist. Prof. Dr. Ekin SUCU Uludağ University Assist. Prof. Dr. Zeynep P. BATMAN Uludağ University Research Assist. Tufan Can ULU Uludağ University Research Assist. Arda SÖZCÜ Uludağ University Research Assist. Emre ŞENYİĞİT Uludağ University

İrma İBRİĆ Uludağ University

Prof. Dr. Banu YÜCEL Ege University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Betül ÖZER Ege University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan BAYRAKTAR Ege University Assist. Prof. Dr. Nedim ÇETİNKAYA Ege University Prof. Dr. Muhamed BRKA University of Sarajevo Prof. Dr. Sabahudin BAJRAMOVİĆ University of Sarajevo Prof. Dr. Salko MURATOVIĆ University of Sarajevo Prof. Dr. Selim ŠKALJİĆ University of Sarajevo Prof. Dr. Halil OMANOVİĆ University of Sarajevo

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IV

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. A. Vahap KATKAT, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Ahmet ALTINDİŞLİ, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ali Osman DEMİR, Turkey Prof. Dr. Aydın İPEK, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ayşen UZUN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Bülent GÜLÇUBUK, Turkey Prof. Dr. Cengiz ELMACI, Turkey Prof. Dr. Cihat TÜRKBEN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Duygu GÖÇMEN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Enver DURMUŞOĞLU, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ercan ŞİMŞEK, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Erdem AYKAS, Turkey Prof. Dr. Erdoğan BARUT, Turkey Prof. Dr. Erdoğan GÜNEŞ, Turkey Prof. Dr. Esvet AÇIKGÖZ, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ferruh IŞIN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Figen KIRKPINAR, Turkey Prof. Dr. Gamze SANER, Turkey Prof. Dr. Hakkı TÜZEL, Turkey Prof. Dr. Harun AKSU, Turkey Prof. Dr. Harun YALÇIN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Hasan VURAL, Turkey Prof. Dr. Hülya İLBİ, Turkey Prof. Dr. İbrahim ERDAL, Turkey Prof. Dr. İlhan TURGUT, Turkey Prof. Dr. İlkay DELLAL, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Kemal S. GÜNDOĞDU, Turkey Prof. Dr. Köksal YAĞDI, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Mehmet KOYUNCU, Turkey Prof. Dr. Metin ARTUKOĞLU, Turkey Prof. Dr. Mevhibe ALBAYRAK, Turkey Prof. Dr. Mihriban KORUKLUOĞLU, Turkey Prof. Dr. Murat YERCAN, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Murat ZENCİRKIRAN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Nevin DEMİRBAŞ, Turkey Prof. Dr. Nuray AKBUDAK, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ö. Lütfü ELMACI, Turkey Prof. Dr. Utku ÇOPUR, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ramazan DOĞAN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Sait ENGİNDENİZ, Turkey

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Prof. Dr. Songül ÇAKMAKÇI, Turkey Prof. Dr. Süleyman TABAN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Tanay BİRİŞÇİ, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ümit ARSLAN, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ümran ERTÜRK, Turkey Prof. Dr. Zerrin ERGİNKAYA, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet İPEK, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu Akpınar BAYİZİT, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bilgehan Y. DİKMEN, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Burak N. CANDOĞAN, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Canan Ece TAMER, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ertuğrul AKSOY, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gökhan ÖZSOY, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gülen ÖZDEMİR, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan ÇELİK, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hatice ALOĞLU, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hayrettin KUŞÇU, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hülya GÜL, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lütfiye Yılmaz ERSAN, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazmi İZLİ, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oya KACAR, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ozan GÜRBÜZ, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Karahan UYSAL, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Selçuk ARSLAN, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tülay ÖZCAN, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vildan UYLAŞER, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yasemin ÖNER, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zerrin Kenanoğlu BEKTAŞ, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Barış Bülent AŞIK, Turkey

Assist. Prof. Dr. Bige İNCEDAYI, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Ekin SUCU, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Elif SAVAŞ, Turkey

Assist. Prof. Dr. Perihan Yolcu ÖMEROĞLU, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Serdar DURU, Turkey

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VI

Prof. Dr. Selma ČORBO, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Senada ČENGIĆ-DŽOMBA, Bosnia and Herzegovina Prof. Dr. Johann VOLLMANN, Austria

Assist. Prof. Dr. Nazakat ISMAILZADA, Azerbaijan Prof. Dr. Ante IVANKOVIĆ, Croatia

Prof. Dr. Darko GRBEŠA, Croatia Prof. Dr. Ivica KOS, Croatia

Prof. Dr. Mirjana HRUŠKAR, Croatia Prof. Dr. Rajka BOŽANİĆ, Croatia Prof. Dr. Vlado GUBERAC, Croatia Prof. Dr. Vlado KOVAČEVİĆ, Croatia Prof. Dr. Zoran HERCEG, Croatia Prof. Dr. Zvonko ANTUNOVİĆ, Croatia Prof. Dr. Norbert REINSCH, Germany Dr. Michael BLANKE, Germany Prof. Dr. Eustachio TARASCO, Italy Assoc. Prof. Dr. Paride D’OTTAVIO, Italy Prof. Dr. Kočo PORČU, Macedonia Prof. Dr. Nenad GEORGIEV, Macedonia Prof. Dr. Etelka DIMIĆ, Serbia

Prof. Dr. Miroljub BARAČ, Serbia Prof. Dr. Natalija BOGDANOV, Serbia Prof. Dr. Radica ĐEDOVIĆ, Serbia Prof. Dr. Snežana TRIVUNOVIĆ, Serbia Prof. Dr. Viktor NEDOVIĆ, Serbia Prof. Dr. Vladan BOGDANOVIĆ, Serbia Prof. Dr. Žarko ILIN, Serbia

Prof. Dr. Emil ERJAVEC, Slovenia Prof. Dr. Metka HUDINA, Slovenia

Dr. Irena NIEDŹWIECKA-FILIPIAK, Poland Prof. Dr. Larry GUT, USA

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Enhancing Rice Growth, Physiological Characteristics and Yield by

Symbiotic Fungus Trichoderma asperellum SL2

Febri DONI1*, Anizan ISAHAK2, Che Radziah Che Mohd. ZAIN1, Norela SULAIMAN2, Wan Mohtar Wan YUSOFF1

1 _{School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan,} MALAYSIA

2 _{School of Enviromental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti} Kebangsaan, MALAYSIA

* Corresponding author: doni@siswa.ukm.edu.my

Trichoderma spp. are highly interactive fungi living in soil, root and foliar

environments. Aside from assisting plants to resist diseases and drought, their capacity to produce growth regulation compounds is a key factor as to why this genus can be widely used in agriculture. A comprehensive research on the ability of Trichoderma spp. in increasing rice productivity is still lacking. In this study, we aim to report our intensive study on the ability of a local Trichoderma asperellum SL2 isolate to enhance rice germination, seedling growth, vegetative growth, physiological processes, yield and productivity. We also studied the delivery system of Trichoderma asperellum SL2 for mass production. This study has four stages of experiment; (i) an in vitro experiment was conducted to examine the ability Trichoderma asperellum SL2 to enhance rice germination and vigour, (ii) a greenhouse experiment to assess the potential for

Trichoderma asperellum SL2 to stimulate rice vegetative growth, other related

physiological processes and yield (iii) a greenhouse experiment to determine the effective delivery system for the mass production of Trichoderma asperellum SL2 and (iv) a field experiment to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma asperellum SL2 on rice yield and productivity. Our results showed that Trichoderma asperellum SL2 have the ability to enhance rice germination, vigour, vegetative growth and other physiological characteristics. The field study indicated that Trichoderma asperellum SL2 are able to enhance rice yield and productivity. Further, for mass production, corn and sugarcane bagasse are the best carriers for field application. Our present study has therefore proven that Trichoderma asperellum SL2 have a high potential to be used as rice growth regulators. The results of the study add to the further understanding of the role of beneficial fungi in enhancing rice productivity.

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Changes in Peroxidase Isoenzyme and Protein Patterns in Oat

Cultivars under Cold Stress

İmren KUTLU1*

, Ece TURHAN2

1_{Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystem Engineering, 26160} Eskişehir, TURKEY

2 _{Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 26160} Eskişehir, TURKEY

* Corresponding author: ikutlu@ogu.edu.tr

The possible role of peroxidase isoenzymes and protein patterns induced by cold stress were investigated in 'Faikbey' (relatively sensitive) and 'Yeniçeri' (relatively tolerant) oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars. The seeds of the oat cultivars were sown in perlite:torf:sand (1:1:1) media and germinated at 25/15 °C (day/night) in a controlled greenhouse. Plants were harvested after 21 days and half of the plants for 12 hours while the other half was acclimated for 24 hours at 4 °C to low temperatures. After that, the leaves were exposed to controlled freezing test at 0, -6, -12 and -18 ºC for 12 hours in manually-controlled low temperature freezer. Samples were then removed from the freezer at each temperature and placed at 4 °C overnight for slow thawing. Peroxidase (POX) profiles and protein patterns of the leaf tissues were performed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and SDS-PAGE, respectively. In native PAGE, different asidic and basic isoperoxidase bands (between Rf=0.04 and Rf=0.88) were observed commonly with different band intensities in both cultivars with respect to the cold treatments and duration of acclimation. In addition, according to the SDS-PAGE analysis different protein bands, in mass range 9-94 kDa, were detected in the oat cultivars. The intensities of some proteins generally decreased and/or disappeared and a few new proteins appeared in response to cold stress and duration of acclimation. In conclusion, we supposed that isoperoxidases and proteins may responsible to cold tolerance in oat cultivars.

Keywords: Avena sativa L., Cold Acclimation, Low Temperature Stress, Peroxidase, Soluble Protein

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4

A Novel Method for High-Frequency Transgenic Shoot Regeneration

1 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Ramazan BEYAZ1*, E. Selcen DARÇIN2, Murat AYCAN3, Mustafa KAYAN3, Mustafa YILDIZ4

1 _{Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 40100,} Kırşehir, TURKEY

2 _{Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University},

Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Bilecik, TURKEY

3 _{Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, 06110} Dışkapı, Ankara, TURKEY

4 _{Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, 06110 Dışkapı, Ankara, TURKEY} * Corresponding author: ramazanbeyaz@gmail.com

In this study, routinely used transformation method which includes transferring 27 explants onto co-cultivation medium after inoculating them with bacterial solution for a while, 28 was compared with 3 different inoculation methods. In every 3 methods, hypocotyl explants 29 excised from 7-day-old sterile flax seedlings having cotyledon leaves and no root system, dried 30 under air flow in sterile cabin for 35 min. were inoculated with different volumes of bacterial 31 solution at different inoculation periods. GV2260 line of Agrobacterium tumefaciens having 32 'pBIN 19' plasmid containing npt II gene and GUS reporter gene was used in transformation 33 studies. After inoculation, hypocotyl segments of seedlings - 0.5 cm in length - were excised 34 and left to co-cultivation for 2 days. Then, explants were transferred to regeneration medium 35 supplemented with different antibiotics. The presence of npt-II (neomycin phosphotransferase 36 II) and GUS genes in transformants was confirmed by PCR and GUS analysis. The highest 37 results in all characters examined in all cultivars were obtained from the 2nd inoculation method 38 in which hypocotyls excised from seedlings inoculated with 500 μl of bacterial solution after 39 drying in sterile cabin for 35 min. were used.

Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Gene Transfer, Inoculation Method, Flax, Transgenic

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There is a Need for Pedagogical Approach to Agricultural Education

Ahmet ŞAHİN1*

, Atul KUMAR2, Bahadır ALTUN3

1 _{Department of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, TURKEY} 2 _{Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of}

Agriculture & Technology, PO Pantnagar- 263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, INDIA 3 _{Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, TURKEY}

* Corresponding author: asahinaeu@gmail.com

New generation students now have been grown up in cities rather than in villages, unlike our generation. Because of too much electronic engagement in their life such as computers, tablets and mobile phones, they have not been aware of the concept of agriculture with respect to their environments such as soil, plants, animals, forest etc. They continue their life in their virtual World rather than the real World. There has been a lack of sensation of soil, animal, plants and growing or manufacturing specific agricultural products, causing deficiency of analytical thinking in learning. The analytical thinking ability of students has been needed to be improved in problem solving in agricultural practice. Besides, due emphasis should be laid on agricultural education right from primary and secondary level of education with focus on analytical approach towards agricultural practices and produce by including location-specific and relevant study modules in curriculum. By doing this, teachers or instructors have to give extra time to students to gain their analytical thinking in agriculture. At this point, pedagogical approach is needed to be considered in agriculture education from educational materials to getting agricultural products with obtaining the real product of human resource agriculture engineer or specialist. Therefore, this work or presentation was aimed to explore the nature of agriculture, the need of agriculture, and how to deal with students in efficient teaching of agriculture with appropriate education tools. Keywords: Agriculture, Education, Pedagogy, Student

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6

Food Safety Perception and Willing to Pay For Labelled Fish in

Turkey: Case of Middle Mediterranean Region

Arzu SEÇER1*_{, Esmeray Kuley BOĞA}2_{, Faruk EMEKSİZ}1

1_{Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics Sarıçam, Adana,} TURKEY

2_{Çukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Fisheries and Seafood Processing Technology, Sarıçam, Adana,} TURKEY

* Corresponding author: asecer@cu.edu.tr

Food safety is an essential component to ensure healty lifestyle and improved nutrition needs. According to Turkish Food Law (no.5179), food safety refers to all measures taken for the elimination of physical, chemical, biological and any kind of damage that foods can be consist. In recent years, the emergence of many new diseases in the world has shown the significance of food safety. Food-borne diseases can negatively affect human health and cause death in both developing and developed countries. Animal products are necessary for human health and nutrition. Among these products, fish is one of the most important foods rich in protein and fatty acids. However, microbiological (parasites, pathogenic bacteria and histamine) and chemical (pesticide and dioxine) contaminants in fish present potential risks to food safety and is the main concern taking place frequently in the media in recent years. With more widespread use of the mass media, increasing awareness of consumers as a result of rapid information sharing has increased importance of their response to the problems. In this study, fish consumption habits and food safety perceptions of consumers in the Middle Mediterranean region will be investigated. Middle Mediterranean Region consists of Adana and Mersin. The main material of the study will be primary data collected from consumers by interviews face to face in these provinces. Sample size has been defined as total 768 persons (384 persons in Adana and 384 persons in Mersin) according to “Probability Sampling Method”. The data about fish consumption habits consumer behaviors and food safety perception were evaluated based on frequencies, ratios and averages. Factors affecting willing to pay for certificated fish were defined by ordered prohibit model.

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Determination of the Beef Consumption Habits and the Factors

Affecting Beef Purchasing Decision of Households in the Province of

Kırşehir

**

Başar ALTUNTAŞ1*_{, Hasan Gökhan DOĞAN}2

1_{Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture Economics, 40200, Kırşehir,} TURKEY

2

Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture Economics, 40200, Kırşehir, TURKEY

* Corresponding author: baltuntas@ahievran.edu.tr

Balanced and sufficient nutrition is an important issue that should be addressed in terms of the growth of healthy individuals. Because building strong communities and ensuring socio-economic development can be achieved if and only if it is possible by upbringing of healthy individuals and be regained into society. The daily beef consumption in Turkey seems to be quite low compared to other developed countries. Inadequate consumption of beef which is rich in protein nutrient, brings a set of problems particularly in the growth and mental development. In this regard, the required accuracy must be demonstrated in order to balanced diet of individuals in the country. Therefore, individuals’ consumption patterns, consumption profiles and factor’s affecting purchasing habits should be identified. Thus, policies that will be created and manufacturing techniques that will be developed are going to be more accurate. The aim of this study is to investigate the beef consumption habits of households’ and to identify the factors that affecting purchasing decision of beef in the central town of Kırşehir. Data is collected from 336 households by the fieldwork. According to the results, as a large part of households (%95,2) in Kırşehir consume red meat but other participants (%4,8) don’t consume meat because of health problems and expensive meat prices. Yearly average meat consumption of households was calculated as 4.5 kg/per capita This amount is below the average yearly consumption of Turkey (8,3 kg/per capita). In the results it was obtained that %35,7 of the consumers purchased red meat each week while %28,9 of them purchasing once a month. Families prefer red meat because of its taste and they think it’s healthy. The percentage of investigating price of red meat is %53 and it was determined that increasing prices affect the amount of purchasing meat. It has been identified that consumers (%48,8) often prefer pieced and minced meat. Red