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Anahtar kelimeler: CFRP, Karbon eO\DI%HWRQ0XNDYHPHW6QHNOLN*oOHQGLUPH

mühendislikdergisi

Cilt: 3-9

Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi

Structural Strengthening with Carbon

Fiber

Extended abstract

In the recent years, strengthening of Reinforced Concrete (RC) elements using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) sheets tends to be more popular depends on development of civil engineer materials. Due to lightweight with high strength and corrosion properties, CFRP become an alternative strength material in strengthening reinforced concrete structures.

Buildings can be damaged because of many reasons nowadays. Damaged buildings and strengthening buildings with low standards became one of the fast developing subjects all over the World. Buildings that purpose of use has been changed, old buildings not in compliance with earthquake regulation and damaged buildings need to be strengthened. Carbon fiber, used in one of the strengthening techniques Carbon Fiber Method, despite being thin and light as shirt fabric, increases the strength of component element acting as a steel plate when applied with epoxy cement. Additionally, as it is more faster and easier to apply according to traditional strengthening techniques and being very light that does not cause extra load increase and giving 14 times more strenght than steel, use of this method in construction is increasing fastly.

Concrete known as a typical brittle material which is too weak in tension with respect to its compression strength is mostly used with reinforcements for bending of structures. It can be defined as inelastic, nonhomogeneous and nonlinear material. In this study it is aimed to investigate behavior of reinforced concrete sections strengthened by wrapping with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP), which has high tension strength, to eliminate weakness property of concrete in laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the 10 pieces of concrete samples of standard cylindrical specimens have 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were prepared. Ready mixed concrete was used for preparing the concrete specimens with appropriate amount of cement, water, sand, gravel, stone powder, admixtures.After 28 day

curing period, lets the concrete to gain its desired strength, can be accepted as water content in the mix not allowed to evaporate from the concrete the standard cylindrical samples obtained for wrapping process. Firstly, all surfaces of the dried standard specimens with the help of a brush have been cleared of dust and similar substances providing

dust-free surface for the fiber application. Then required amounts of carbon fiber samples were prepared with suitable dimensions for jacketing the samples as a confinement. 4 of 10 samples prepared as unconfined, 3 of them wrapped with CFRP as single layered and the other 3 double-layered with the help of epoxy. Then the 28 days old specimens tested under monotonic uniaxial compression to determine the strength-strain relation. Also via horizontal and vertical transducers assembled to samples, axial and diametrical values have been examined. In order to define the descending portion of the concrete behavior curve several compressive loading proceeds repeated for each sample. Such cyclic loading, unloading under high deformations and reloading, process were evaluated to discuss the CFRP effects on concrete behavior. The results obtained in this experimental study shown that confining by wrapping with CFRP of concrete sections examined under repeated axial load in laboratory environment and strengthening effect of wrapped fiber has been observed.

As a result of these study, increase of wrapping number has been determined to increase in strength also with increase in ductility which is one of the most important parameters of seismic performance. In the case of average values of cylinder concrete samples were examined, samples strenghtened by carbon fiber were observed to show 25% more strength. It should be noted that the CFRP has no significant effects on behavior of concrete with high strength.

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Keywords: CFRP, Concrete, Strength, Ductility,

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nazaran çok GDKD KÕ]OÕ YH NROD\ X\JXODQPDVÕ oRN KDILI ROPDODUÕ QHGHQL\OH \DSÕGD LODYH \N DUÕúÕQD QHGHQ ROPDPDODUÕ YH oHOLNWHQ  PLVOL ROPDQÕQYHUGL÷L\NVHNPXNDYHPHWEXWHNQL÷LQ HQEHOLUJLQDYDQWDMODUÕQGDQGÕU

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0DOL\HWL \NVHN SDKDOÕ ELU PDO]HPH ROXúX  ƒ&¶ \H NDGDU GD\DQDELOGL÷LQGHQ NDUúÕ GD\DQÕNVÕ] ROXúX C12 VÕQÕIÕ EHWRQ GD\DQÕPÕ DOWÕQGDNL NLULúOHUH YH NRORQODUD X\JXODQDPD\ÕúODUÕ YH D\UÕFD LQúDDW VHNW|U ile \DNÕQ ]DPDQGD WDQÕúWÕ÷ÕQGDQ ]DPDQD NDUúÕ GLUHQo |PUQQ ELOLQPH\LúL EX WHNQL÷Ln en EHOLUJLQGH]DYDQWDMODUÕQGDQGÕU

Deneysel çDOÕúPD

øNL E|OPGHQ ROXúDQ GHQH\VHO oDOÕúPDQÕQ LON E|OPQGHKD]ÕUEHWRQVDQWUDOLQGHQDOÕQDQoDSÕ 150 mm, boyu 300 mm ölçülerindeki 10 adet standart silindir taze QXPXQH EXOXQPDNWDGÕU øNLQFL E|OPGH  NDWOÕ ELU \DSÕGDQ DOÕQDQ oDSÕ 65 mm, boyu 130 mm ölçülerinde 9 adet karot QXPXQH EXOXQPDNWDGÕU %X QXPXQHOHULQ ELU NÕVPÕQDKHUKDQJLELUVDUÕPLúOHPLX\JXODQPDGÕ ELU NÕVPÕQD LVH NDUERQ HO\DI VDUÕODUDN güçlendirildi. Tüm nuPXQHOHU WHNUDUOÕ \NOHU DOWÕQGD GHQH\H WDEL WXWXOGX YH HNVHQHO \N DOWÕQGDNLGDYUDQÕúODUÕJ|]OHPOHQGL

.XOODQÕODQEHWRQXQP3 _{D÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕNJ¶GÕU}

%HWRQ NDUÕúÕPÕ LoLQGHNL PDO]HPHOHULQ D÷ÕUOÕNoD GD÷ÕOÕPÕincelenecek olursa; 1 m3 _{EHWRQNDUÕúÕPÕ}

içindeki 0- PP¶OLN HOHNWHQ JHoHQ DJUHJDQÕQ D÷ÕUOÕ÷Õ.87 kg, 7-15 mm’ lik elekten geçen DJUHJDQÕQ D÷ÕUOÕ÷Õ .18 kg, 15-25 mm’ lik HOHNWHQ JHoHQ DJUHJDQÕQ D÷ÕUOÕ÷Õ .99 kg, Su 156. dLPHQWR  YH NXOODQÕODQ NDWNÕ maddesi 3.30 kg’GÕUKDUÕúÕPGDED÷OD\ÕFÕQÕQ  1’ i kadar KLSHUDNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕ NDWNÕ maddesi NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU 6X NHVPH |]HOOL÷LQH VDKLS KLSHUDNÕúNDQODúWÕUÕFÕ PDGGH VXoLPHQWR RUDQÕQÕ GúUHUHN EHWRQ VWDQGDUGÕQÕQ DUWPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODQPÕúWÕU

ùHNLO%HWRQ.DUÕúÕPÕQÕQ*UDQORPHWUi (÷ULVL BHWRQ NDUÕúÕPÕ LoHULVLQGH NXOODQÕODQ DJUHJDQÕQ VDKLSROGX÷XHOHNDQDOL]LYHJUDQORPHWUi H÷ULVL 7UN 6WDQGDUWODUÕQD 76  X\JXQOX÷X ùekil ¶ GH J|UOPHNWHGLU *UDQORPHWUi H÷ULVL LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH NDUÕúÕPÕQ H÷ULVL $ H÷ULVL LOH % H÷ULVL DUDVÕQGD RSWLPXP H÷ULVLQH oRN \DNÕQ ELU \HUGH EXOXQPDNWDGÕU E|\OHFH NDUÕúÕPÕQ VWDQGDUWODUDX\JXQROGX÷XJ|UOPHNWHGLU DeneyVHOdDOÕúPDODU

'HQH\VHO dDOÕúPDQÕQ LON E|OPQGH oDSÕ  PP ER\X  PP |OoOHULQGH YH 7.5 kg D÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQGD VWDQGDUWODUD X\JXQ  DGHW VLOLQGLU NDOÕS temin edildi ve temizlendi. Numunelerin UDKDW oÕNDELOPHVL LoLQ NDOÕSODUD oLPHQWR LOH HWNLOHúLPH JLUPH\HFHN QLWHOLNWH \D÷ VUOG <DUÕVÕ ERúDOWÕOPÕú &- VWDQGDUGÕQGD EHWRQ \NO ELU transmikserden GHQH\OHU LoLQ JHUHNOL RODFD÷Õ WDKPLQ HGLOHQ PLNWDUÕQ  NDWÕ PLNWDUGD WD]H EHWRQ QXPXQHVL DOÕQGÕ 7UDQVPLNVHUGHQ DOÕQDQ KDUo NDOÕSODUD  WDEDND KDOLQGH NR\XOGX YHKHUWDEDNDG]GDLUHNHVLWOLoHOLNWHQ\DSÕOPÕú oDSÕPPER\XPPYHXFX\XYDUODWÕOPÕú VÕNÕúWÕUPDoXEX÷XLOHGHIDúLúOHQGL (ùekil 3).

ùHNil 3.DOÕSøoLQGHNL+DUFÕQ6ÕNÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ 6ÕNÕúWÕUPD oXEX÷X GDUEHOHULQLQ NDOÕS HQ NHVLW DODQÕQD HúLW úHNLOGH GD÷ÕOPDVÕQD |QHP YHULOGL LON WDEDNDQÕQ VÕNÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕQGD, oXEX÷XQ NDOÕS WDEDQÕQDVHUWoHoDUSPDPDVÕQDGL÷HU WDEDNDODUÕQ VÕNÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ HVQDVÕQGD GD ELU |QFHNL WDEDND\D ID]OD JLUPHPHVLQH GLNNDW HGLOGL 6ÕNÕúWÕUPD VRQUDVÕQGD NDOÕEÕQ GÕú NHQDUODUÕQD VÕNÕúWÕUPD oXEX÷X GDUEHOHULQGHQ JHUL\H NDODQ ERúOXNODU GROXQFD\D NDGDU WRNPDN LOH KDILIoH YXUXODUDN GD\DQÕP ND\EÕQD QHGHQ RODELOHFHN ERúOXNODUÕQ dolmaVÕVD÷ODQGÕ%XLúOHPKDYDNDEDUFÕNODUÕQÕQ oÕNÕúÕGXUXQFD\DNDGDUGHYDPHWWL

.DOÕSODUÕQ VW \]H\LQGHQ WDúDQ ID]OD EHWRQ KDUFÕ oHOLN ELU PDOD \DUGÕPÕ LOH NHVPH KDUHNHWL \DSDUDN DOÕQGÕ YH EHWRQ \]H\L GLNNDWOLFH G]HOWLOGL BLU JQ EHNOHWLOen numuneler kaOÕSODUGDQ GLNNDWOLFH oÕNDUWÕOGÕ ve 22 ƒ& GHNL ELUNUKDYX]XQDEÕUDNÕOGÕ (ùekil 4)JQNU KDYX]XQGD EHNOH\HQ QXPXQHOHU HWY denen IÕUÕQGD maksimum NXUXOXN GHUHFHVLQH XODúPDVÕ YH HSRNVLQLQ VD÷OÕNOÕ ELU úHNLOGH X\JXODQDELOPHVL LoLQ  ƒ& GH  VDDW bekletildi.

ùHNLO. Numunelerin Kür Havuzunda Bekletilmesi

7DPDPÕ\OD NXUX\DQ QXPXQHOHULQ \]H\OHUL ELU IÕUoD \DUGÕPÕ ile toz ve benzeri maddelerden temizlendi %XUDGD DPDo HO\DIÕQ X\JXODQDFD÷Õ \]H\LQ WR]GDQ DUÕQPÕú SU]V] YH WHPL] ROPDVÕGÕU *HUekli miktarda karbon elyaflar |OoOHQGLULOHUHN kesilip KD]ÕUODQGÕ 1XPXQHOHUGHQ ¶ VDUJÕVÕ] ¶ WHN NDW VDUJÕOÕ YH NDODQ VRQ ¶ oLIW NDW VDUJÕOÕ olPDVÕ SODQODQGÕ÷ÕQGDQ 6=-300/X, SL1-300/X, SL2-300/X VHPERO\OH VÕUDVÕ\OD isimlendirildiler, Bu isimlendirmH VLVWHPLQGH ; QXPXQH VD\ÕVÕQÕ temsil etmektedir. øVLPOHQGLUPHLúOHPLELWWLNWHQ sonra eSRNVL KD]ÕUOÕ÷Õ LoLQ PDYL UHQNOL RODQ epoksi UHoLQHVLQLQ YH VD\GDP UHQNOL RODQ VHUWOHúWLULFL PDO]HPHQLQ\HWHFHNNDGDUÕ JHUHNHQ RUDQODUGDELUNDEDDOÕQGÕ.DUÕúWÕUÕFÕEDúOÕNOÕELU PDWNDS \DUGÕPÕ ile 2 GDNLND NDGDU GúN GHYLUGHNDUÕúWÕUÕOGÕ (SRNVL NDUÕúÕPÕ NÕVDVUHGH UHDNVL\RQD JHoWL÷LQGHQ KD]ÕUODQDQ HSRNVL NDUÕúÕPÕ ELU UXOR \DUGÕPÕ LOH VHUL úHNLOGH QXPXQHOHULQ \]H\LQH VUOG YH |QFHGHQ NHVLPL KD]ÕUODQDQ  DGHW   FP |OoOHULQGH karbon HO\DI NDUÕúÕPÕQ VUOG÷ QXPXQHOHUH VDUÕOGÕ (ùekil 5).

ùHNLO5.DUERQ(O\DIÕQ1XPXQHOHUH 8\JXODQPDVÕ

%LULQFL NDW NDUERQ HO\DI VDUÕP LúOHPL ELWHQ  QXPXQH NXUXPDVÕ LoLQ EHNOHPH\H DOÕQGÕ .XUXPDVÕ WDPDPODQDQ  NDUERQ HO\DI VDUÕOÕ QXPXQHGHQ KHUKDQJL ¶QH HSRNVL NDUÕúÕPÕ tekrar VUOHUHNikinci kat karbon elyaflar VDUÕOGÕ YH WHNUDU NXUXPDVÕ LoLQ EHNOHWLOGL. %|\OHFH   PP |OoOHULQGHNL  DGHW VLOLQGLU numuneden 4 adet numuneye herhangi bir VDUÕP LúOHPL X\JXODQPDGÕ  DGHW QXPXneye tek kat NDUERQHO\DIVDUÕOGÕYHDGHW QXPXQH\HLVHoLIW NDW NDUERQ HO\DI VDUÕOGÕ. Karbon eO\DI VDUÕP LúOHPL X\JXODQDQ  QXPXQHQLQ \DQDO \]H\OHULQH VRQ NDW HSRNVL NDUÕúÕPÕ VUOG YH \LQH NXUXPDODUÕ LoLQ bekletildi. Bu bekleme VUHVLRUWDPÕVÕVÕQDYH KDYDNRúXOODUÕQDED÷OÕGÕU VUH\L NÕVDOWPDN DPDFÕ\OD QXPXQHOHU DoÕN havada bekletildi. 7DPDPÕ\OD NXUX\DQ  QXPXQHQLQ YH KHUKDQJL ELU VDUJÕ LúOHPL uygulanmayan 4 QXPXQHQLQ DOW YH VW \]H\OHULQGH J|]OH J|UQU KHUKDQJL ELU ER]XNOXN EXOXQPDPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ GHQHy HVQDVÕQGD HNVHQHO \NQ X\JXODQDFD÷Õ \]H\LQ WDP RODUDN SU]V] YH G] RODELOPHVL LoLQ NNUW EDúOÕNODPD \|QWHPL LOH numuneler EDúOÕNODQGÕ (ùekil 6).

ùHNLO1XPXQHOHULQ%DúOÕNODQPDVÕ %XEDúOÕNODPDLúOHPLQGH NNUWYHJUDILWWR]ODUÕ belli oranlarGD NDUÕúWÕUÕODUDN  ƒ&¶ \H NDGDU ÕVÕWÕOÕS NDUÕúÕPÕQ VÕYÕ KDOH JHoPHVL VD÷ODQGÕ 'HULQOL÷L  PP oDSÕ  PP RODQ oHOLN ELU NDOÕEÕQ]HULQHEXVÕYÕG|NOG Numunelerin alt YH VW \]H\OHUL oHOLN NDOÕED G|NOHQ NNUW JUDILW VÕYÕVÕQÕQ VWQH G]JQFH EÕUDNÕOGÕ ƒ&¶GHNL NNUWVÕYÕVÕQÕQGRQDUDNNDWÕKDOH JHoPHVL  VDQL\H JLEL NÕVD ELU VUHGH JHUoHNOHúWL÷LQGHQ VÕYÕ NDUÕúÕP NDOÕED G|NOGNWHQVRQUDQXPXQH]DPDQND\EHWPHGHQ NDOÕED oDEXN YH GLNNDWOL ELU úHNLOGH RWXUWXOGX .DOÕS (WUDIÕQGDQ WDúÕS GRQDQ NNUW-grafit NDUÕúÕPÕ ELU VSDWXOD \DUGÕPÕ\OD GLNNDWOLFH WÕUDúODQDUDNWHPL]OHQGL%DúOÕNODPDLúOHPLELWHQ 10 QXPXQH WDúÕPD VÕUDVÕQGD ]DUDU J|UPHPHVL LoLQRGD VÕFDNOÕ÷ÕQGDELUJQEHNOHWLOGL %DúOÕNODUÕ NXUX\DQ QXPXQHOHU ODERUDWXDUGD VDUJÕVÕ]WHNNDWVDUJÕOÕYHoLIWNDWVDUJÕOÕROPDN ]HUH JUXSODUD D\UÕODUDN GHQH\ LoLQ KD]ÕUODQGÕ %X QXPXQHOHUGHQ VÕUDVÕ\OD NDUERQ HO\DI VDUJÕODPD LúOHPL X\JXODQPD\DQ numuneler DUGÕQGDQ WHN NDW VDUJÕOÕ YH VRQ RODUDN oLIW NDW VDUJÕOÕ QXPXQHOHU GHQH\H DOÕQDUDN \N DOWÕQGD yenilmeleUL YH \HQLOLUNHQNL GDYUDQÕúODUÕ incelendi 'HQH\ HVQDVÕQGD HNVHQHO \N DOWÕQGD yenilen silindir numunenin boyunda ve oDSÕQGD PH\GDQDJHOHFHNGHIRUPDV\RQGH÷HUOHULQLQHOGH HGLOHELOPHVL LoLQ, numuneye enine ve boyuna ROPDN ]HUH  DGHW WUDQVGXFHU YLGDODU yaUGÕPÕ\OD numuneye sabitlenen ve numune ile beraber hareket eden oHOLN ELU DSDUDWD PRQWH edildi (ùekil 7).

ùHNLO. 1XPXQHOHULQ'HQH\H+D]ÕUODQÕúÕ NumunelerdeQ |QFH VDUJÕVÕ] RODQ  DGHW NDURW QXPXQHDUGÕQGDQWHN NDWNDUERQHO\DIVDUJÕOÕ numune ve son RODUDN oLIW NDW NDUERQ HO\DI VDUJÕOÕ  QXPXQH 'LFOH hQLYHUVLWHVL /DERUDWXDUÕQGD HNVHQHO \N DOWÕQGD EDVÕQo deneyine tabi tutuldu.

$UDúWÕUPDbXOJXODUÕ

Silindir beton numunelere uygulanan \NOHPHQLQ KÕ]Õ GD\DQÕPÕ YH QXPXQHOHULQ J|VWHUPLú ROGX÷X HNVHQHO YH oDSVDO GHIRUPDV\RQ GH÷HUOHUL QXPXQHOHULQ |QFHGHQ LVLPOHQGLULOGLNOHUL VHPEROOHUOH YHULOPLúWLU (Tablo1). LaboratuarGD HNVHQHO \N DOWÕQGD EDVÕQoGHQH\LQHWDELWXWXOan 150mm oDSÕQGDve PPX]XQOX÷XQGDki standart silindir numune NDOÕSODUdan elde edilen 10 adet numuneden 4 VDUJÕVÕ] QXPXQHQLQ LON \NOHPHGHNL GD\DQÕP GH÷HUOHUL JUDILNVHORODUDNYHULOPLúWLUùekil 8).

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Tablo 1. 6LOLQGL UEHWRQQXPXQHOHULQGHQH \VRQXoO DUÕ

P1ort. (KN) ϲϲϳ͕ϲϵϵ ϳϴϴ͕Ϭϯϲ ϭϬϬϮ͕Ϯϵϵ ʍϭort. (MPA) ϯϳ͕ϳϴϱ ϰϰ͕ϱϵϯ ϱϲ͕ϳϮϬ ϭϱϬΎϯϬϬ^7>7E7ZEhDhE>Z7E7><zE7>D^KEZ^/)Z>Z7E7EKZd>D>Z/ ^ĂƌŐŦƐŦnjŶƵŵƵŶĞůĞƌ dĞŬŬĂƚƐĂƌŐŦůŦ ŝĨƚŬĂƚƐĂƌŐŦůŦ OR T A LA MA ùHNLO8. 6DUJÕøúOHPL8\JXODQPD\DQ6LOLQGLU Numuneler

7HN NDW VDUJÕOÕ RODQ  DGHW VLOLQGLU QXPXQHQLQ LON \NOHPHGHNL GD\DQÕP GH÷HUOHUL JUDILNVHO RODUDNYHULOPLúWLU(ùekil 9).

ùHNLO9. Tek Kat 6DUJÕøúOHPL8\JXODQDQ6LOLQGLU Numuneler

dLIW NDW VDUJÕOÕ RODQ  DGHW VLOLQGLU QXPXQHQLQ LON \NOHPHGHNL GD\DQÕP GH÷HUOHUL JUafiksel RODUDNYHULOPLúWLUùekil 10).

ùHNLO10dLIW.DW6DUJÕøúOHPL8\JXODQDQ Silindir Numuneler

  PP |OoOHULQGHNL NDOÕSODUGDQ HOGH edilen sLOLQGLU  EHWRQ QXPXQHGHQ  VDUJÕVÕ] QXPXQHQLQWHNNDWVDUJÕOÕQXPXQHQLQYHoLIW NDW VDUJÕOÕ QXPXQHQLQ \HQLOPH GD\DQÕP GH÷HUOHULQLQ RUWDODPDODUÕ YH \HQLOPH \NOHUL YH yenilme GD\DQÕPODUÕYHULOPLúWLU ùekil 11).

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Sonuçlar

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(QHUML WNHWPH NDSDVLWHVL RODUDN NDEXO HGLOHQ oDSVDO GHIRUPDV\RQ PLNWDUÕ HO\DI LOH

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Kaynaklar

AUÕR÷OX, E. ve AUÕR÷OX, N., (1998). Üst ve Alt <DSÕODUGD Beton Karot Deneyleri ve 'H÷HUOHQGLUPHVL(YULP<D\ÕQHYLøVWDQEXO Akdere, K., (2006). dLIW (÷ULOLNOL %HWRQDUPH

.RORQODUÕQ.DUERQ)LEHU(O\DIùHULWOHULQBoyuna YH (QLQH 'RQDWÕ 2ODUDN .XOODQÕOPDVÕ <ROX LOH *oOHQGLULOPHVL YH 2QDUÕOPDVÕ, <NVHN /LVDQV Tezi, *D]L hQLYHUVLWHVL )HQ %LOLPOHUL (QVWLWV, Ankara.

Buyukozturk, O. and Hearing, B.,(1998). Failure Behavior of Precracked Concrete Beams Retrofitted with FRP, ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 138-144.

Celep, Z. ve Kumbasar, N., (2000). Deprem 0KHQGLVOL÷LQH*LULúYH'HSUHPH'D\DQÕNOÕ<DSÕ 7DVDUÕPÕ%HWD'D÷ÕWÕPøVWDQEXO

'HPLUHO % YH *|QHQ 7, (2007). Karbon Fiber 7DNYL\HOL %HWRQGD )UDNOÕ )LEHU %R\XQXQ Kapilariteye Etkisi, )ÕUDW h '$80 'HUJLVL, 6 (1), s. 12.

Ersoy, U., (2007). %HWRQDUPH<DSÕODUÕQ2QDUÕPÕYH *oOHQGLULOPHVL 8\JXODPD YH $UDúWÕUPDODU, 6.

8OXVDO 'HSUHP 0KHQGLVOL÷L .RQIHUDQVÕ

øVWDQEXO

øONL $ ve Kumbasar, N., (2002). Karbon Lif 7DNYL\HOL3ROLPHU.RPSR]LW0DO]HPHLOH+DVDUOÕ

%HWRQDUPH (OHPDQODUÕQ 2QDUÕP YH

*oOHQGLULOPHVL ø02 Teknik Dergi, s. 2598-2616.

.DUDúLQ + gQF 0 YH <ÕOPD] 6 (2010). Cfrp øOH*oOHQGLULOPLú.HVLWOHULQ7HNUDUODQDQ<NOHU $OWÕQGDNL 'DYUDQÕúÕ E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 1306-13114,

Mert, N. Ve Elmas, M. (2007). Fiber Takviyeli 3ROLPHUOH *oOHQGLULOHQ %HWRQDUPH .LULúOHULQ 'R÷UXVDO2OPD\DQ$QDOL]L8OXVODUDUDVÕ'HSUHP Sempozyumu, Kocaeli.

g]FDQ =, (2005) %HWRQDUPH .LULúOHULQ .RPSR]LW

0DO]HPHOHU LOH *oOHQGLULOPHVL Deprem

Sempozyumu, Kocaeli.

ùLPúHN, O., ( 2004). Beton ve Beton Teknolojisi, 6HoNLQ<D\ÕQODUÕ, Ankara.

7DúGHPLU0$YHg]NXO0+, (2002). Betonarme <DSÕODUGD 2QDUÕP YH *oOHQGLUPH 0DO]HPHOHUL -Prof. 'U.HPDOg]GHQL$QPD6HPLQHUL ø7hV 177-204.

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