An Approach for Secure Data Exchange in Medical Field Using Block Chain
Analp Pathaka, Himanshub, Nehac, and Kanak Guptad
a
Assistant Professor (CSE), SRMIST, DELHI-NCR Campus, Modinagar.
b,c,d, M.Tech Scholar (CSE), SRMIST, DELHI-NCR Campus, Modinagar.
Article History: Received: 10 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published online: 16 April
2021
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Block chain technology in the medical management sector is the focus of this project. This project will showcase a
block chain application for secure conversation and secure data in real time to various nodes/ computers/ people and everything will be recorded, secured and hosted on an immutable block chain data structure. Our block chain also implements a light-weight chain validation algorithm and POW which validates the added block itself, to prevent someone from creating a fake block. The block chain network can embody numerous functionalities as well as plus transfer between simulated nodes running in parallel, along side a Block human which is able to act as a face to trace numerous group action, addresses and therefore the block chain itself. It will additionally create use of varied science algorithms like SHA256, Mining Hybrid chain validation (consensus-longest chain) to supply secure transacting surroundings. In addition to the current it'll additionally embody Associate in Nursing API (built from scratch) exploitation NODE.js Express.js to make a server within which the block chains are going to be hosted.
Keywords: Block chain, bit coin, machine learning, healthcare, POW, SHA256, Hybrid chain validation, organization.
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1. Introduction
All data transfer through block chain is secure and each occurrence store, meaning it cannot be altered. It is decentralized, so no need for any central, certifying authority. It not is used for more than the transfer of currency: contracts, records and different type of items can be shared Establishing transparent peer to peer transaction. Enabling smart contract and establishing a reputation system.
Block chain Popular o Increased Capacity
Increase the capacity of the entire network o Better Security
Use multiple nodes to complete and authenticate transaction o Decentralized System
Useful in various industries like finance, real state etc o Authenticity
Allow the unique algorithm to process data
2. Literature Review
Matthias Mettler et. al.[1] shows that block chain technology has indicate its reasonable versatility in current years as a multiplicity of market industry seek technique of incorporating its capacity into their working. While as yet highest of the concentrate has been on the financial aid sector, multiples works in another aid similar sector such as medical management define this is start to replace. Many begin position for Block chain technologies in the medical management sector are the concentrate of this paper. Such as for public medical management, client-oriented medical analysis and drug replicate in the pharmacy sector, this paper focus to shows feasible effect, objective & ability associate to this troublemaking technology. The huge ability of this technology defines up throughout, until now, a secure mediator was mandatory for the deal of market aid. With Block chain, straight deal instantly become feasible, so that a primary performer, who manage the records, receive employment or even mediate in a censoring fashion, can be remove in this paper methodology use bit coin and block chain.
Min Gyu Kim et. al.[2] propose Hospitals give a reasonable amount of examination to clients, and their outcome records can be particular remarkable measures to examine a client’s current fitness. In lots of mater, however, so records utilization in other kind of medical management services is dissatisfactory because clients do not maintain the records by themselves. We give a block chain build medical examination administration system for records sharing. This technique promises the integrity of survey outcome records using property of the block chain. Also, records in this approach can be in compatible with another system because it is produce based on the international standard Fitness Level 7 Quick medical management compatible material. This report
survey how to work medical examination outcome records for the lifelong medical management of client and best quality of health care services and increase the safety of personal medical data. In our framework of this technique, clients can reply to the medical examination and prospect own records using a web based client. The Health Service Provider similar a doctor can request command for retrieve the medical examination result records to a client. Under the acceptance of the client, the HSP can retrieve the records. The records was creating into the FHIR examination Material format, and after transformation & confirmation, it was encrypted as base64. After all these steps, the records save as a block chain.
Shirin Hasavari et. al.[3] propose emergency medical aid globally get consider as the necessary part of the medical management distribution approach .A association live between the emergency client death rate and factors similarly the non-success to retrieve a client’s censorious records and the time it takes to come at hospitals. Almost 30 million Americans do not exist within an hour of trauma care, so this poor retrieve to trauma centers links to high up pre-hospital death rates in higher than half of the US. So, we require addressing the difficulty. In a client care-cycle, prime of medical records things are born in multiple medical management settings work a disparate system of records during client call. The capability for medical care supplier to retrieve a client’s full image of emergency similar medical records is critical and can remarkably decrease the yearly mortality rate. Today, the difficulty lives with a ongoing recording system of the client records between medical management supplier. In this report, we’ve present a combination of safe file transfer function/tools and block chain technology as a result to records client Emergency similar medical records as client walk across from single medical facility to other clinic, develop a ongoing footprint of patient as a safely and scalable records source. So, ambulance crews can retrieve and work it to give best quality pre-hospital care. All discuses of medical records sharing and retrieve like safety, authentication, privacy, adaptability & detectable, secretes has been examine in this proposal. Jinglin Qiu et. al.[4] shows that the combination of healthcare and good cities has led to the usage of details and technology into health and medical practices all over the world. The integration has better the life and health feature of the inhabitant in the best cities. However, the integration has also revealed healthcare industry to safety dare, which cover patients’ health details safety and privacy of mobile health client in the vicinity. However, the work of Block chain is a encouraging technology, which will authorize the healthcare to counter the safety dare in the best cities. Block chain technology has eased for secure and safety storage of the patient's details in the health care system. Block chain, with the benefit of the decentralized, distributed and fixed nature, have yield amounts of best applications far off the financial area. One of the favorable applications is the assumption of Block chain in healthcare. The important incentive of use Block chain in healthcare is to resolve the data integrity, data exchangeability and privacy problem in now health IT systems.
Nilima V. Pardakhe et. al.[5] propose details systems and automation currently require very quick, secure and simply records examination techniques. It is also need to manage ability & exactness in records survey. So ML (machine learning) technique and Block chain methodology have been ongoing work in the data survey and safety in multiple areas from medication to firm and education to efficiency applications. This learning applies categorization of ML (machine learning) technique and Block chain methodology to procedure the records and survey of preference function, question planning, applications & safety. In highly safe records, safety problem are resolved by use Block chain methodology. Block chain methodology is instant reach awareness towards the Safety of private records. The medical management organization is particular area of industry where more threat includes and its attracted awareness of much technical Industries so this area needs the safety for secure their records. The Block chain is generally used for giving the safety to secure the more sensitive records. By use the Block chain methodology there are many chance for healthcare organization to achieve and increase. Such as decrease affair costs, gaining transparency for controlling detail, well organized medical management records administration and medical management records universality as well as capable to retrieve records from any place. In the situation of best medical management system block chain may give distinct advantage, especially from a condition-aware outlook where well organized & personalized output may be giving to citizens and the community. This report gives a complete analysis of association between So ML (machine learning) technique and Block chain methodology related to best medical management system. In addition, we are going to talk about multiple dare can comes for actually execute ML (machine learning) safe medical management system use block chain base methodology.
Jigna Hathaliya et. al.[6] shows that in Healthcare 4.0, (RPM) Remote patient monitoring be made a more strong & conformable client inspection through wearable sensors at anytime & everywhere. The highest attentive application fields of RPM which authorize doctors to get original details of their client remotely with the guide of broadband transmission system. Thus, RPM decrease the time and cost of the client. It also gives the better care to the client. To analysis the safety & privacy of the client records, in this report, we have represented a Permission block chain-based medical management design. We have also talked about the dare and their output. We have defined the applications of block chain. We also have provided the use of ML (Machine learning) with block chain methodology which can define the medical management organization.
Identification of Research Gap and Problem
Block chain transactions are irreversible and might solely be refunded by the receiving party—a key distinction in credit/debit card transactions is that they'll be canceled resulting in problems like double payment, dishonorable cash transfer etc. however creating the money/asset transfer through Block-chain ends up in a group action history that can’t be modified.[7]
Block chain there's no third party concerned within the group action, it's P2P(Peer to Peer) thus no or terribly borderline further process fee would be charged(by nodes) this suggests for Users, the benefits of receiving payments created exploitation the virtual currency save well on process fees and eliminate the danger of charge-backs[8].
Using ancient payment system carries the danger of acquisition late fees, interest charges, foreign group action fees, and doubtless adverse effects on your credit score [6]. Therefore these problems are often resolved with our Block chain localized network that monitors and provides America with the practicality in order that we will do group action and look at it in real time [8].
Compared to different block chain systems, our block chain provides in-built” Chain Validation”, which suggests the information within the blocks is verified exploitation hashes and group action Id on the go into our block chain data-structure itself, whereas different block chain systems like”ethereum” need the nodes to hold out this task that any will increase the process fee and time, thereby retardation the transactions.[8]
Proposed Model
Figure1: Proposed Model Working
In this paper firstly user register your data for using this application for starting a secure conversation and for secure his personal data this application is working for secure chatting between client and doctor and secure client data with the help of block chain.
Patient Data Management
Maintain client data need complete retrieve the individual medical data to be shared among different clinicians and another expert and to and from different places.
o No quality for collection, storage or reveal of such details o Social networks are not all the time secure
o Client do not domination their data Block chain can give a safe structure:
o Client share details
o Details can be stored in best contracts holding authorization and situation for release
o Users control retrieve – private keys open retrieve or third parties permit by the user can do so o Can pull in another details from wearable’s and checklist
o Industry are structure (PHR) personal health records to align every participant through user engagement policy and use block chains to implement
ONC provide details block chain challenge to objection the perceptive nature health data and dare of ability, patient data relate and details exchange.
Analytic issues include:
o Making a trusted surrounding for determining how multiple supplier can view, change and share user data while manage up-to-date records – that Electronic Health Record (EHR) were not designed to maintain.
o Allowing supplier to include new records and user to permit sharing
Record some data on the block chain but still permit specific data to be retrieved by secure links:
o On block chain information could add age, gender and different individually definable details; be of the size and type to be stored and be immediately viewable
o Off block chain information could add picture and medical record of any size or pattern that may have multiple demands for require viewing.
Block chain could also fetch details from web-based and mobile based applications or another devices and becomes extremely main for digital health
Block chain for Electronic Health Record (EHR)
o Block chain giving the acceptance that health care organization require, and supply in a way every party can trust. No one entity is in charge of holding the data, but every user is responsible for ensuring data unity and safety.
o If no one can modify a data without every participant approving the modification, and no unofficial party can retrieve the health data without the stakeholders provide collective permission, the health care organization can avoid two of its extreme risky big data risks at the concurrent.
o Health care industry may require limiting the number of permit users in a single block chain to a user, and his or her care group and allow family members.
o This collective proposal to making and sharing data would remove many of the opposition of HIEs, including the query of how many to faith the middleman.
o While certain HIEs have already grabbed a decentralized proposal to their data design, the acceptance piece has been lost. user and supplier have had to faith that the HIE knows what it’s working, and grab it on trust that the data ongoing back and forth between hospitals, expert, or care ability are the best chances kind of the user past.
o When use a block chain proposal to sharing a user data, the query of faith is irrelevant since all users is known and has been accept.
o The suggestion of block chains for population health administration, patient similar, and care collaboration are huge. As well. Health Care industry will not participate for, or be forced to share, data since they will every have absolutely the same details.
Implications of Block chain Technology o Identify a Use-Case
o Developing a Proof of Concept
o Building & Testing Block Chain Solution o On boarding Partners and Integration o Run and Control the Network in construction
METHODOLOGIES
Figure 3: Methodology
This diagram shows the methodology of how the project actually works. When someone requests a transaction, the confirmation of the same involves numerous steps. The transaction is sent to a pending array, where it is picked by nodes for mining process which includes algorithms like (proof of work) consensus to verify the transaction. Our block chain also implements a light-weight chain validation algorithm which validates the added block itself, to prevent someone from creating a fake block. After this the new block (containing the transaction) is added to the chain, which marks the completion of transaction. To interact with the block chain we have created an API which allows us to send transactions, synchronize nodes, mine, etc. We have also created a block-explorer which acts as UI and can be used to track transactions, blocks and data inside the chain.
Detailed Design
These detailed diagrams showcase the PoW, Consensus, and Hybrid chain validation algorithms, the structure of block along with the data inside it, and the overall working of block chain.
Figure 4: Creating a New Block Originality
Hybrid Chain Validation Algorithm
• If we take a look at other block chain data structures like ethereum, we can see that after a block is verified by the participant of the network.[7][8]
• The block now verifies the node of a block chain. Hybrid chain validation algorithm created by us automates this task.[9]
• First block of our block chain can be used as an authentication of complete block chain.[1] Innovation
• Using Decentralized Network of Block chain.[8]
• Hacking a block chain data structure requires a great computational power which makes it quite difficult to hack.[8]
• Challenges Faced and Recovery Building chain validation system
Our block chain provides in-built ”Chain Validation”, which means the data inside the blocks is verified using hashes and transaction Id on the go in our block chain data-structure itself, whereas other block chain systems like ”ethereum” same work is done by node due to which processing fee and time increases. For the purpose of chain validation we have created an algorithm called chain validation algorithm which automates the task of verifying data inside the block.[7][9]
Building API
Creating API for the data structures of block chain was quite a challenging task. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY
Healthcare
When we go to a new doctor we have to do the paperwork that is exactly same as paperwork at some other facility. Health issues, family history, and about your body. Medical records on a Block chain, owned by the individual and easily distributive to various doctors will revolutionize the Healthcare industry.
Enterprise
Block chain transaction will have an everlasting affect on different enterprises. Block chain provide security and transparency for tracking digital transactions between businesses, either be financial records, customer records.
Payments
Block chain network would change the way we do digital transactions that would disrupt the banking and financial industry like never before. Block chain allows decentralized transactions in P2P network, which means that there is no mediator, which results in fewer transaction fees. Transactions that are done through the block chain system are very secure and transparent to both parties. Industries are prone to use the block chain network because of various advantages that it offers. These advantages include time and cost saving, security, record keeping and decentralization of network. Besides, block chain digital ledger can reduce the price of cloud computing up to 50 percent.
Finance
Financial industry is knows very well about block chain technology impacting their industry. If we consider block chain they can have their own crypto currency well that can integrated into the system. Financial industries have already come forward in researching and developing block chain technology.
Academics
Block chain technology carries a lot of interesting solutions to many problems in education. Block chain technology in educational sector can be used for identity and reputation, privacy and security, etc. Block chain would enable users to completely control our education and credibility systems; as well we can verify credentials.
Conclusion
The most effectual, and efficacious approach for modifying interoperability aim would be to develop a national technology infrastructure for healthcare IT based on open standards. Utilization of the offer medical block chain explain in this survey paper has the prospective to busy millions of each member, health care providers, health care structures and medical analyst to share huge amounts of genetic, diet, lifestyle, atmosphere & healthcare records with safety & privacy. API (to interact with blocks),created from scratch using node.js and a server using the Express.js library. Successful implementation of algorithms like- SHA, specialized Consensus (Hybrid Chain Validation. Creations of new blocks through a rewarding mining process and hosting the block chain across various instances of API to decentralize the process. Creation of immutable transactions follows by actual assets transfer in real time and a ledger to record them. A block explorer which will act as the UI and will allow us to explore the data inside the block chain
References
1. M. Mettler, "Blockchain technology in healthcare: The revolution starts here," 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), Munich, Germany, 2016, pp. 1-3, doi: 10.1109/HealthCom.2016.7749510.
2. M. G. Kim, A. R. Lee, H. J. Kwon, J. W. Kim and I. K. Kim, "Sharing Medical Questionnaries based on Blockchain," 2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), Madrid, Spain, 2018, pp. 2767-2769, doi: 10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621154
3. S. Hasavari and Y. T. Song, "A Secure and Scalable Data Source for Emergency Medical Care using Blockchain Technology," 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA), Honolulu, HI, USA, 2019, pp. 71-75, doi: 10.1109/SERA.2019.8886792.
4. J. Qiu, X. Liang, S. Shetty and D. Bowden, "Towards Secure and Smart Healthcare in Smart Cities Using Blockchain," 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), Kansas City, MO, USA, 2018, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ISC2.2018.8656914.
5. N. V. Pardakhe and V. M. Deshmukh, "Machine Learning and Blockchain Techniques Used in Healthcare System," 2019 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon), Pune, India, 2019, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/PuneCon46936.2019.9105710.
6. J. Hathaliya, P. Sharma, S. Tanwar and R. Gupta, "Blockchain-Based Remote Patient Monitoring in Healthcare 4.0," 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing (IACC), Tiruchirappalli, India, 2019, pp. 87-91, doi: 10.1109/IACC48062.2019.8971593.
7. Dusko Knezevic (2018). “Impact of Block chain Technology Platform in Changing the Financial Sector and Other Industries” Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Vol. 14, No. 1(2018), 109-120 8. Atzori, M. (2017). ”Block chain Technology and Decentralized Governance: is the State Still
necessary” Journal of Governanceand Regulation” Vol. 6(1), 45-62.
9. Arthur Gervais and Eberhart, R. (2016). “On the Security and Performance of Proof of Work Block chains” The 2016ACM SIGSAC Conference
10. T. Bocek and B. Stiller, Smart Contracts - Blockchains in the Wings. Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, January 2017, pp. 1–16.
